麒麟菜多糖对H22肝癌移植瘤的抑制作用研究

以常温稀碱法提取的麒麟菜多糖(Eucheuma gelatinae polysaccharides,EGP)饲喂H22荷瘤小鼠,探讨其对小鼠移植性实体瘤的抑制作用。实验考察了肿瘤抑制率和免疫器官指数,分析荷瘤小鼠的脾淋巴细胞(T淋巴细胞与B淋巴细胞)增殖能力、脾NK细胞杀伤活性和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力等免疫指标,并对外周血淋巴细胞亚群进行流式(FCM)检测。研究结果表明,以麒麟菜多糖灌胃荷瘤小鼠能够显著抑制小鼠体内肿瘤的生长,至实验期结束时,麒麟菜多糖低剂量组[300 mg/(kg·d)]及高剂量组[600mg/(kg·d)]的抑瘤率分别达到31.17%及59.67%。与模型组相比,麒麟菜多糖还能够显著增强荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力和NK细胞的杀伤活性,并显著提高腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性。此外,麒麟菜多糖高剂量组能显著提高荷瘤小鼠CD3+和CD8+细胞比例(p0.05)。麒麟菜多糖能够改善荷瘤小鼠机体的免疫水平,具有显著的抗肿瘤作用。     

龙须菜酸性多糖的非特异性免疫调节活性研究

本文从体外和体内两方面研究了龙须菜酸性多糖(GLSPs)对小鼠非特异性免疫的调节作用。结果显示,GLSPs在体外能够增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬作用且呈剂量依赖性,但是对小鼠脾NK细胞的杀伤活性未见显著影响;将GLSPs分别以200mg/kg·d和600mg/kg·d连续灌胃管理小鼠14 d,GLSPs能够显著提高小鼠脾NK细胞的杀伤活性,其中最大杀伤率近90%;能够增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬作用且与多糖剂量正相关,同时使小鼠白细胞和淋巴细胞略有增加但较空白组小鼠无显著差异,表明GLSPs对非特异性免疫具有显著的调节作用。     

龙须菜酸性多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用

本文主要研究龙须菜酸性多糖(GLSPs)对H22荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤抑制作用。通过流式细胞术检测GLSPs对小鼠体内肿瘤细胞的细胞凋亡和细胞周期的影响;MTT法检测GLSPs对荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力和NK细胞杀伤活性的影响;组织病理学方法检测GLSPs对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤和免疫器官(脾脏、胸腺)的影响。结果显示,GLSPs能够促进荷瘤小鼠体内H22肝癌细胞凋亡,显著抑制肿瘤生长。以200 mg/(kg?d)和600 mg/(kg?d)GLSPs灌胃管理荷瘤小鼠28 d,小鼠的平均体积抑瘤率分别为84.65%和94.58%。免疫学试验显示,GLSPs能够明显改善荷瘤小鼠脾脏肿大和胸腺萎缩的组织病变情况,增强荷瘤小鼠免疫器官的免疫功能,同时能够有效调节荷瘤小鼠白细胞和淋巴细胞的激增,显著增强荷瘤小鼠由ConA和LPS诱导的T、B细胞的增殖能力,提高脾NK细胞的杀伤活性,多方面提高荷瘤小鼠机体的免疫水平,提示GLSPs通过免疫调节作用达到体内抗肿瘤效果。     

兰坪虫草多糖组分分析及免疫活性研究

从兰坪虫草中提取多糖,对其分子量、单糖组成和官能团特征进行分析,并探讨兰坪虫草多糖对免疫力的影响。结果表明,兰坪虫草多糖分子量为3.2×10~5 Da,主要由甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成,其摩尔百分比为13.38∶5.31∶81.31,可能为含有糖醛酸和吡喃环的酸性多糖。兰坪虫草多糖可显著提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫器官指数,减少免疫抑制小鼠脾脏组织红髓区域充血,改善碳粒廓清能力,提高免疫抑制小鼠单核—巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,促进抗绵羊红细胞抗体的生成,促使ConA诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖,提高免疫相关细胞因子IL-2和IL-10的基因表达水平,说明兰坪虫草多糖具有增强小鼠免疫力的作用。     

古尼虫草多糖提取分离及初步分析

本文用30%乙醇溶液作提取剂,从古尼虫草菌丝体中提取多糖,提取液经去脂、去蛋白、醇析后得两种粗多糖CPS-50,CPS-70.利用DEAE-Sephadex A-25柱色谱对两种粗多糖进行分离纯化,得纯多糖CPS-1,CPS-2.苯酚-硫酸法测定糖含量,紫外光谱分析证明其纯度,红外光谱显示其具有多糖类的特征吸收峰.多糖降解后经薄层分析表明,降解的虫草多糖由葡萄糖或(和)甘露糖组成.     

蛹虫草胞外多糖的制备、结构分析及其免疫活性

本实验选择蛹虫草菌株CICC 14014液态发酵培养，提取蛹虫草胞外多糖，测定其理化性质及结构，并对其免疫活性进行研究。采用DEAE-Sephacel阴离子交换柱联合Sephadex G-200葡聚糖凝胶柱纯化蛹虫草胞外多糖；利用高效液相色谱法测定多糖分子质量，利用傅里叶变换红外光谱鉴定多糖结构；选用BALB/c小鼠构建免疫损伤模型，考察其体质量及免疫器官指数变化情况，观察其脾脏组织切片形态，计算其T、B细胞增殖率，测定其血清细胞因子及免疫球蛋白质量浓度。结果表明，蛹虫草发酵液中多糖质量浓度为3.15 mg/mL，经分离纯化后所得单一多糖分子质量为3.67 kDa，纯度可达86.13%。动物实验结果表明，蛹虫草胞外多糖可明显提高免疫器官指数，能够有效促使T细胞（低剂量时）、B细胞增殖和免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin，Ig）G、IgA、IgM、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素（interleukin，IL）-6、IL-2、干扰素（interferon，IFN）-γ的分泌，免疫调节效果显著。研究结果表明蛹虫草胞外多糖可修复环磷酰胺导致的BALB/c小鼠免疫功能损伤，为开发蛹虫草发酵液资源建立了部分理论支撑。     

螺旋藻多糖抗H22肿瘤作用研究

以螺旋藻多糖为研究对象,探讨其体内抗H22肿瘤作用及机理。采用双酶方法提取螺旋藻多糖。小鼠腋下接种H22肝癌细胞建立动物模型,以1 000 mg/kg/d灌胃给药。通过瘤重及抑瘤率测定、胸腺指数(TI)及脾脏指数(SI)测定、脾细胞增殖能力测定、NK细胞杀伤活性测定、吞噬细胞吞噬能力测定、小鼠血清TNF-α和IFN-γ测定等研究其抗H22肿瘤作用和机理。给药组抑瘤率达74.53%,提高了胸腺、脾脏指数、NK细胞杀伤活性及巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,增加了血清中TNF-α和IFN-γ的含量,小鼠免疫系统得到有效保护,加强了抗H22肿瘤作用。螺旋藻多糖抗H22肿瘤效果明显,在保护免疫系统及提高免疫力方面起到了很好的作用。     

米糠多糖的免疫增强作用

从脱脂米糠中提取的粗多糖SPK-1以及纯化精制多糖SPK-2、SPK-3、SPK-4具有显著生物活性,具有增强免疫调节的功能。从细胞因子的层次考察了米糠多糖SPK-1,2,3,4对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞活性、Con A和LPS丝裂原诱导的脾脏淋巴细胞活化增殖以及LPS、Con A诱导脾脏淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ,IL-2,IL-10,IL-12,IL-17等细胞因子的影响。研究发现,SPK-1,2,3,4在体外都有显著增强小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞活性,而且均有促进小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ,IL-2以及抑制IL-10,IL-12,IL-17因子分泌的作用。     

葛仙米藻胆蛋白提高小鼠免疫功能的研究

研究葛仙米藻胆蛋白对昆明小鼠的免疫增强活性。分别以100、300、500 mg/（kg·d）的葛仙米藻胆蛋白溶液剂量对小鼠连续灌胃30 d。然后分别对腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率、自然杀伤（natural killer,NK）细胞活性,T淋巴细胞增殖、细胞因子、抗体、迟发型超敏反应（delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH）等免疫参数进行测定。结果表明：葛仙米藻胆蛋白可以提高腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率、NK细胞活性、T淋巴系统增殖以及血清中白细胞介素（interleukin-2,IL-2）和IL-4细胞因子水平。同时葛仙米藻胆蛋白处理组的小鼠DTH显著高于对照组,表明葛仙米藻胆蛋白是一种潜在的免疫增强剂。     

龙须菜多糖硫酸化对免疫活性的影响

分别采用改良的氯磺酸- 吡啶法和HCl- 甲醇法对龙须菜多糖进行硫酸化修饰与脱硫处理,探讨不同硫酸基含量的天然多糖、硫酸化多糖和脱硫多糖对由环磷酰胺引起的免疫力低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明：与模型组比较,天然多糖对提高小鼠的脾脏指数(P ＜ 0.05)、巨噬细胞的吞噬活性(P ＜ 0.05)、脾细胞增殖转化能力(P ＜ 0.05)、NK 细胞杀伤活性(P ＜ 0.01)等作用最强,其次是硫酸化多糖,而脱硫多糖作用最弱;这3 种多糖都能显著促进免疫抑制小鼠的溶血素和溶血空斑的形成(P ＜ 0.01),其中天然多糖和硫酸化多糖优于脱硫多糖。显示龙须菜多糖能显著提高免疫力低下小鼠的免疫功能,但多糖中硫酸基含量与免疫作用非线性关系,增加或脱除天然多糖硫酸基其免疫活性均下降,尤其是脱除硫酸基后免疫活性显著降低。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the