K.fragilis β-半乳糖苷酶催化合成低聚半乳糖的组成分析

采用SephadexG-15与DTF-02树脂对K.fragilisβ-半乳糖苷酶催化生产低聚半乳糖的反应液中的糖类物质进行了分离纯化。分别应用高效液相色谱测定了分离的低聚半乳糖的纯度，气相色谱分析了该糖的化学组成。酶反应液经过SephadexG-15色谱柱分成低聚半乳糖、乳糖和单糖(葡萄糖、半乳糖)3个组分。由SephadexG-15色谱柱收集的低聚半乳糖组分上DTF树脂柱出现2个洗脱峰，分别为低聚半乳糖和乳糖。经过上述2步纯化的低聚半乳糖组分在高效液相色谱(HPLC)上为一个单峰，其保留时间为10.481min。该低聚半乳糖是由1分子葡萄糖和2分子半乳糖组成的三糖。     

高效离子交换色谱法测定半乳糖、葡萄糖、乳糖及低聚半乳糖含量

建立离子色谱法定量测定以乳糖为原料、使用β-半乳糖苷酶生产的低聚半乳糖产品的方法。样品前处理过程中用体积稀释法代替质量稀释法,采用高效CarboPac PA20阴离子交换色谱柱和积分安培法检测,并对淋洗液组成进行优化。优化后的方法加标回收率90.58%～99.45%,相对标准偏差为3.54%。半乳糖、葡萄糖、乳糖的方法检出限分别为0.24、0.59、0.75 μg/g。半乳糖和葡萄糖在0.2～7 μg/mL、乳糖在0.6～10 μg/mL的范围内,其质量浓度与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数在0.999 2～0.999 9之间。用此方法测定6 种原料低聚半乳糖,目标组分总含量为95.84%～101.19%。     

HPLC-ELSD法检测液态奶中的低聚半乳糖

建立一种检测液态奶中低聚半乳糖的方法.样品通过β-半乳糖苷酶、葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶处理,采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测水解溶液中的半乳糖含量,计算出样品中低聚半乳糖的含量.结果表明:该方法的检出限为0.10 mg/mL,回收率为87.5%～108.3%.该方法适合于分析液态奶中低聚半乳糖含量的检测.     

IC指纹图谱测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中低聚半乳糖

建立指纹图谱法测定低聚半乳糖含量的方法,利用离子色谱构建低聚半乳糖指纹图谱,分析得到特征组分,测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中低聚半乳糖含量。结果表明:当称样量为1.0 g时,检出限为2.5 g/kg,定量限为5.0 g/kg,线性范围为4.0 g/kg~64.5 g/kg,回收率在94.0%~106.7%之间,相对标准偏差为1.2%~2.8%,表明指纹图谱法的准确度和精密度满足婴幼儿配方奶粉中低聚半乳糖含量测定的需要。     

低聚半乳糖含量的测定方法

研究了离子色谱法测定糖浆中低聚半乳糖含量的方法。用水、250 nmol/L NaOH溶液和1 mol/L乙酸钠溶液梯度淋洗,选用CarboPac PA10(2 mm×250 mm)色谱柱和安培检测器,测定了糖浆中各组分(乳糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和低聚半乳糖)的含量。3种糖在测定条件下线性相关系数为0.999 0~0.999 7,相对标准偏差为1.54%~3.42%,样品的加标回收率为91.7%~95.7%。     

与生产功能性低聚糖相关的酶(中)

介绍了与低聚木糖、低聚半乳糖相关的酶及生产。低聚木糖是由2～7个木糖分子以β（1—4）键构成的低聚糖,低聚工业上通常用甘蔗渣、玉米芯、棉子壳和硬木等木聚糖含量高的植物原料,用高压汽爆热膨化,酸碱液处理等,将木聚糖抽提后,再用木聚糖酶水解而成;低聚半乳糖是乳糖分子的半乳糖残基上以β（1—6）、β（1—4）键连接数个半乳糖分子构成的低聚糖混合物,它是以乳糖为原料,利用半乳糖苷酶的转移作用而生成的。     

柱前衍生液相色谱荧光检测法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的低聚半乳糖

目的建立一种柱前衍生高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的低聚半乳糖含量的分析方法。方法样品用2-氨基苯甲酰胺衍生后,经色谱柱分离,用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测,外标峰加和分段法定量。结果建立的方法可以测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的低聚半乳糖含量。采用麦芽糖、麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖、麦芽五糖、麦芽六糖和麦芽七糖建立标准曲线,在1～250μg/mL线性范围内相关系数(r~2)大于0.999。回收率为85.9%～103.5%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)小于5%,检出限为1.0 g/kg,定量限为3.0 g/kg。结论本方法方法重现性好,精密度高,解决了婴幼儿配方乳粉中高含量乳糖对低聚半乳糖测定的干扰问题,可以为食品中低聚半乳糖的定量提供良好的解决方案。     

液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法测定低聚半乳糖含量比较

目的:优化对比液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的方法,同时建立一种新的低聚半乳糖换算系数(K值)计算方法;方法:对现有上述两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的检测方法进行对比分析,筛选出分离效果更好的糖柱,并进一步优化色谱条件。结果:优化后的液相色谱双柱法对低聚半乳五糖到低聚半乳八糖的分离效果明显提升,提高了测定准确度,而高效离子交换色谱法操作更加简便;根据不同样品选用不同K值来计算低聚半乳糖含量的方式可进一步提升结果的精确性。结论:两种方法均可有效对低聚半乳糖含量进行检验分析,高效离子交换色谱法检测灵敏度较高,且已被AOAC等国际权威机构纳入标准检测方法,可作为低聚半乳糖含量测定的标准仲裁法;液相色谱双柱法测定低聚半乳糖更为简便快捷,经济适用,可用于生产企业日常产品检测。     

液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法测定低聚半乳糖含量比较

目的:优化对比液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的方法,同时建立一种新的低聚半乳糖换算系数(K值)计算方法;方法:对现有上述两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的检测方法进行对比分析,筛选出分离效果更好的糖柱,并进一步优化色谱条件。结果:优化后的液相色谱双柱法对低聚半乳五糖到低聚半乳八糖的分离效果明显提升,提高了测定准确度,而高效离子交换色谱法操作更加简便;根据不同样品选用不同K值来计算低聚半乳糖含量的方式可进一步提升结果的精确性。结论:两种方法均可有效对低聚半乳糖含量进行检验分析,高效离子交换色谱法检测灵敏度较高,且已被AOAC等国际权威机构纳入标准检测方法,可作为低聚半乳糖含量测定的标准仲裁法;液相色谱双柱法测定低聚半乳糖更为简便快捷,经济适用,可用于生产企业日常产品检测。     

超高效液相色谱法直接测定糖浆中低聚半乳糖质量分布

目的建立一种超高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器联用测定糖浆中低聚半乳糖质量分布的方法。方法采用Agilent Poroshell 120 HILIC(3.0 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-水梯度洗脱。通过调节进入蒸发光散射检测器(evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD)的流动相流速以及组成来校正不同聚合度聚半乳糖的响应一致性。以葡萄糖、乳糖、麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖和麦芽五糖为校正溶液来建立校正方法,校正后以乳糖标准曲线来定量其他低聚半乳糖,最终完成了在没有低聚半乳糖标准品的情况下对低聚半乳糖糖浆质量分布的测定。结果样品中的乳糖与其他半乳二糖分离的同时不同聚合度的低聚半乳糖按聚合度增加分段出峰,互不干扰。乳糖在0.25~5 mg/mL范围内线性良好,log(峰面积)-log(浓度)的线性拟合曲线,相关系数r~2为0.996。以麦芽四糖和麦芽五糖来验证方法准确性,所得回收率分别为107%和110%。方法重现性良好,以2mg/mL乳糖为考察对象,连续6针进样保留时间RSD0.05%,峰面积RSD0.78%。结论该方法可快速、准确用于低聚半乳糖糖浆中不同聚合度半乳糖的质量分布。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press