复合果蔬浆对发酵香肠加工过程品质特性的影响

为研究添加复合果蔬浆对发酵香肠品质的影响,以冷却猪通脊肉和猪背膘肉(9∶1,m/m)为原料,以萨科WBL-45复合菌株(木糖葡萄球菌+肉葡萄球菌+清酒乳杆菌)为发酵剂,配以辅料,按照发酵香肠的工艺制备4组发酵香肠:阴性对照组(negative control group,NCG)、阳性对照组(positive control group,PCG)、添加芹菜和樱桃组(celery and cherry group,CCG)以及添加卷心菜和番茄组(cabbage and tomato group,CTG),并考察香肠发酵及成熟过程中理化性质和成品感官品质的变化。结果表明:发酵过程中,CCG和CTG发酵香肠较PCG产酸迅速,发酵13 h时pH值已降至5.1以下,而PCG发酵24 h才降至5.06;在干燥成熟过程中,4组发酵香肠的亮度值(L~*)和黄度值(b~*)均呈下降趋势,而红度值(a~*)呈升高趋势,CTG香肠的a~*显著高于PCG(P0.05);NCG香肠的硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARs)值显著高于其他3组(P0.05);4组香肠成品的水分含量为27.40%~29.07%,水分活度(water activity,a_w)值为0.837~0.887,差异均不显著(P0.05);CCG和CTG样品的风味及总体可接受性优于NCG和PCG。添加果蔬浆缩短了发酵香肠的发酵周期,增强了产品色泽,提高了感官品质,同时使香肠具有较好的抗氧化性。     

腊肉加工过程中N-亚硝胺的分析

为了解腊肉中N-亚硝胺的形成及水平状况,利用气相色谱法(FID氢火焰检测器)对腊肉中的N-二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA)和N-二乙基亚硝胺(NDEA)的含量进行跟踪分析。结果表明:烤制阶段N-亚硝胺急速增加,且NDEA最大含量几乎是NDMA的2倍。经过腌制后NDMA含量为4.06μg/kg,烤制结束增加到9.23μg/kg,NDEA含量腌制结束时为4.26μg/kg,烤制第1天就增加到7.90μg/kg,烤制结束时达到16.20μg/kg,烘烤是影响腊肉中N-亚硝胺形成的重要环节。成熟阶段增加速度相对平缓,成熟12 d,NDMA和NDEA含量分别为10.52μg/kg和20.25μg/kg。     

原料及加工工艺对包馅鱼肉卷N-亚硝胺含量的影响

为评价原料及加工工艺对包馅鱼肉卷中N-亚硝胺含量的影响,分别测定包馅鱼肉卷馅和皮加工过程中9 种挥发性N-亚硝胺含量、亚硝酸盐含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reaction substances,TBARs）值以及挥发性盐基氮（total volatile nitrogen,TVB-N）含量的动态变化。结果表明：经过加工后鱼肉卷馅和皮中的TVB-N含量均下降,TBARs值和亚硝酸盐含量均上升;鱼肉卷馅的各种原料中含有不等量的N-二甲基亚硝胺（N-nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA）（0～27.51 μg/kg）、N-二乙基亚硝胺（N-nitrosodiethylamine,NDEA）（0～3.39 μg/kg）、N-甲基乙基亚硝胺（N-nitrosoethylmethylamine,NMEA）（0.11～4.33 μg/kg）以及N-亚硝基二苯胺（N-nitrosodiphenylamine,NDPheA）（0～0.82 μg/kg）;在鱼肉卷皮原料中检出了NDEA（0～12.56 μg/kg）、NMEA（0.08～15.26 μg/kg）以及N-亚硝基哌啶（N-nitrosopiperidine,NPIP）（0～8.13 μg/kg）;馅中NDMA、NMEA、NDEA及皮中NDMA、NMEA主要在盐擂期间形成,并在加工后期逐渐下降;NDPheA及NPIP含量在馅和皮的加工过程中始终低于检出限;鱼肉卷成品馅料中NDMA含量为（1.9±0.2） μg/kg,低于国家标准中的限量,而皮中未检出NDMA。     

蔬菜对发酵香肠中氨基酸、脂肪酸、生物胺和亚硝胺含量的影响

新鲜蔬菜富含维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维和硝酸盐,有替代化学合成亚硝酸盐,制备发酵香肠的潜力。以冷却猪通脊肉和背膘肉(8:2 w/w)为主要原料,以萨科WBL-45复合菌株为发酵剂,配以常用辅料制备发酵香肠。香肠分为5组:(1)对照组(CK组)不添加硝酸盐,(2)阳性对照组(SN组)加入0.3 g/kg的硝酸盐,(3)芹菜组(QC组),(4)菠菜组(BC组),(5)洋白菜组(YBC组);(3)(4)(5)中分别添加相应的新鲜蔬菜(使得硝酸盐含量均为0.3 g/kg)。分析各组发酵香肠的游离氨基酸、游离脂肪酸、生物胺和N-亚硝胺含量。研究结果表明:5组发酵香肠中的游离氨基酸和脂肪酸种类相同,3组蔬菜发酵香肠的游离氨基酸含量均高于SN组和CK组;在3组蔬菜发酵香肠中检测到7种生物胺,未检出组胺。3组蔬菜发酵香肠的生物胺含量及生物胺指数显著低于CK组(P0.05),但略高于SN组(P0.05)。QC和YBC组蔬菜发酵肠中可检出的N-亚硝胺仅1种,而BC、CK和SN组样品可检出以上2种N-亚硝胺。芹菜组、菠菜组和洋白菜组发酵肠的总N-亚硝胺含量分别为0.89、1.48、3.69μg/kg,显著低于SN组(4.19μg/kg),并远低于国家限量水平。总体而言,新鲜蔬菜替代亚硝酸盐制备的发酵香肠,品质优良,安全性高,具有广阔的市场开发和应用前景。     

复合发酵剂和香辛料对发酵香肠中N-亚硝胺形成的抑制作用

为将复合发酵剂和香辛料应用到发酵香肠中以提高其安全品质,特别是抑制肉制品中N-亚硝胺的形成,利用复合发酵剂和香辛料制作发酵羊肉香肠,分为对照组、发酵剂组、沙葱+孜然组和沙葱+孜然+发酵剂组。以2%的接种量接种发酵剂并添加3%香辛料至香肠肉馅中,腌制后灌肠,经发酵、干燥、成熟阶段得到成品。将各阶段的样品取样测定各组产品的p H值、aw、亚硝酸盐、8种生物胺和7种亚硝胺含量的变化。试验结果表明:复合发酵剂和香辛料共同作用下效果最好,经发酵2 d,即可使产品中亚硝酸盐残留量(4.86 mg/kg)显著降低。成熟结束(8 d),可有效降低NDMA、NDEA、NMOR和NPIP的含量(P0.05),并抑制生物胺(色胺、苯乙胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、酪胺)的积累(P0.05),NDMA含量(1.605μg/kg)符合国家标准。同时促进发酵香肠pH值和水分活度的降低,减少亚硝酸盐含量(P0.05),改善产品品质。     

鱼豆腐加工过程中N-亚硝胺含量的动态变化

为了解原料及加工工艺对鱼糜制品中N-亚硝胺含量的影响,采用气相色谱法测定鱼豆腐原料及加工过程中N-亚硝胺(9种)的含量,并分析其与亚硝酸盐含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(thiobarbituric acid reaction substances,TBARs)值及挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)含量的相关性。结果表明:鱼豆腐原料中TVB-N和亚硝酸盐的含量在加工过程中分别下降了7.6 mg/100 g和0.2 mg/100 g,TBARs值升高了0.8 mg/kg。原料中均未检出N-二甲基亚硝胺(N-nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA),但检出了N-二乙基亚硝胺(N-nitrosodiethylamine,NDEA)(0~3.23μg/kg)和N-甲基乙基亚硝胺(N-nitrosoethylmethylamine,NMEA)(0~8.62μg/kg),增味剂I+G中还含有N-亚硝基哌啶(N-nitrosopiperidine,NPIP)((6.35±0.30)μg/kg)和N-亚硝基吡咯烷(N-nitrosopyrrolidine,NPYR)((2.28±0.50)μg/kg)。斩拌过程中加入脂肪使NMEA和NDEA含量增加,蒸煮和油炸后二者含量显著降低,分别为(17.76±0.50)μg/kg和(0.10±0.00)μg/kg,油炸后成品中检出少量NDMA((0.15±0.00)μg/kg)。另外,NDMA和NDEA的含量与油炸温度及TVB-N含量呈正相关,NMEA含量与TBARs值呈正相关。     

乳酸菌复配对红肠发酵中N-亚硝胺生成的抑制作用

为将乳酸菌发酵技术应用到红肠产品中以提高其安全品质,特别是抑制肉制品中N-亚硝胺的形成,本研究将4株商业发酵剂:SHI-59(木糖葡萄球菌+戊糖片球菌+植物乳杆菌)、WBX-43(肉葡萄球菌+木糖葡萄球菌)、PRO-MIX5(木糖葡萄球菌+清酒乳杆菌+类植物乳杆菌)、VBM-60(木糖葡萄球菌+肉葡萄球菌+戊糖片球菌+乳酸片球菌),以及3株单菌:弯曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus curvatus,Lc)、戊糖乳杆菌(L. pentosus)、清酒乳杆菌(L. sake),分别以107 CFU/g接种至腌制后的红肠肉馅中,拌馅灌肠后于35℃条件下发酵12、16、20、24 h,取样测定各组乳酸菌数,并将各发酵时间点的样品经熟制(干燥、蒸煮、烟熏、烘烤)后制得发酵红肠产品,测定各组产品的感官指标、pH值、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、8种生物胺、9种N-亚硝胺含量的变化。结果表明:PRO-MIX5表现尤为突出,经发酵12 h,即可使产品中亚硝酸盐残留量(7.58 mg/kg)显著降低,9种N-亚硝胺总量低至8.68μg/kg,N-二甲基亚硝胺含量(2.91μg/kg)符合国家限量标准,8种生物胺含量没有明显升高,与空白对照组差异不显著(P0.05),口感微酸,有发酵味。其次Lc菌也能够显著降低9种N-亚硝胺总量至9.46μg/kg,但降低亚硝酸盐残留量(47.73 mg/kg)效果较差,8种生物胺总含量(550.31 mg/kg)显著升高。总之,PRO-MIX5商业发酵剂具有提高肉制品安全品质的应用潜力,应用效果好。     

发酵条件对香肠中亚硝酸盐和亚硝胺的影响

以发酵香肠为对象,研究了不同亚硝酸盐添加量以及发酵条件下亚硝酸盐残留和二乙基亚硝胺(NDEA)的变化规律。结果表明:各因素对香肠中亚硝酸盐残留和NDEA形成影响的大小顺序为,发酵时间>亚硝酸盐添加>发酵温度>发酵剂。正交实验分析表明:最佳发酵条件为,发酵时间2 d、亚硝酸盐添加量50mg/kg、发酵温度25℃。     

添加辣木粉对发酵香肠理化性质和N-亚硝胺含量的影响

以市售猪瘦肉和背膘(8∶2,m/m)为原料肉,添加发酵菌株(WBL-45复合菌株)、调味辅料及辣木粉加工制成发酵香肠,研究辣木对发酵香肠理化性质和N-亚硝胺含量的影响。实验设计5组,即CK组(不添加硝酸钠、VC、VE和辣木粉)、SN组(只添加0.3 g/kg硝酸钠)、VC组(添加0.3 g/kg硝酸钠和0.5 g/kg VC)、VE组(添加0.3 g/kg硝酸钠和0.2 g/kg VE)、辣木组(添加含有硝酸盐0.3 g/kg的辣木粉,折算后的实际添加量为14.53 g/kg辣木粉)。分别在成熟期的0、1、4、7、15 d及贮藏期的0、1、2、3周测定各组发酵香肠的水分活度值(a_w)、红度值(a*)、亚硝酸盐残留量、过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)和N-亚硝胺含量。结果表明:辣木组发酵香肠呈绿色,颜色较为特别;辣木组发酵香肠的aw值、亚硝酸盐残留量和POV均与VC组和VE组差异不显著(P0.05),且风味独特;同时,辣木组的N-亚硝胺含量均低于VC组和VE组。     

重组培根加工过程中N-亚硝胺及其前体物质含量的动态变化

为了明确重组培根加工过程中N-亚硝胺含量的动态变化及其影响因素,监测原料肉、腌制、蒸煮、烟熏加工环节中pH值及亚硝酸盐、生物胺、N-亚硝胺含量的动态变化,同时考察重组培根的感官品质。结果表明：随着加工的进行,重组培根pH值和亚硝酸盐残留量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在监测的8 种生物胺中,原料肉中仅检出精胺,随着重组培根加工的进行,生物胺的种类不断丰富,含量逐渐升高,烟熏显著加速了生物胺的生成;原料肉中仅检测出N-二甲基亚硝胺（N-nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA）和N-亚硝基吡咯烷（N-nitrosopyrrolidin,NPYR）;腌制后可检出N-甲基乙基亚硝胺（N-nitrosomethylethylamine,NMEA）、N-二丙基亚硝胺（N-nitrosodipropylamine,NDPA）、N-二丁基亚硝胺（N-nitrosodibutylamide,NDBA）和N-亚硝基哌啶（N-nitrosopiperidine,NPIP）,NDMA含量超过了国标限量; 蒸煮后新增N - 二乙基亚硝胺（ N - n i t r o s o d i e t h y l a m i n e ,NDEA）和N-亚硝基吗啉（N- n i trosomorpholine,NMOR）,且NDMA、NDPA、NDBA、NPIP含量显著升高（P＜0.05）;烟熏过程中N-亚硝胺总量显著增加（P＜0.05）,烟熏6～9 h增幅最大;重组培根的感官评分随着烟熏时间的延长显著提高（P＜0.05）。综合食用安全性和感官评分,建议制作重组培根时选择腌制16 h,热熏法（55±2） ℃烟熏6h。     

亚硝化模拟体系中油脂对N-亚硝胺形成的影响

为了解油脂对N-亚硝胺形成的影响,采用体外模拟亚硝化反应体系,研究油脂种类（花生油、亚麻籽油和葵花籽油）和比例（0%、10%、20%、30%、40%）对N-二甲基亚硝胺（N-nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA）、N-二乙基亚硝胺（N-nitrosodiethylamine,NDEA）生成量的影响;同时,在油脂参与条件下（20%花生油）,以不含油脂的水相体系为对照,考察亚硝化反应条件（底物浓度比、pH值、反应温度及反应时间）对NDMA、NDEA、N-亚硝基吡咯烷（N-nitrosopyrrolidine,NPYR）生成量的影响。结果表明：3?种油脂对NDMA和NDEA的形成均有一定的促进作用,相比于葵花籽油,花生油和亚麻籽油的添加更易促进N-亚硝胺的形成,且随添加比例升高有增加的趋势。亚硝酸盐浓度对NDMA和NDEA形成的影响大于对NPYR形成的影响;在pH值为5.4～7.0范围内随着pH值的升高,NDMA和NDEA生成量有下降趋势,pH值对NPYR形成影响较小;当反应温度高于80?℃时,N-亚硝胺生成量随着温度上升有明显增加的趋势;NDMA和NDEA的生成量随着反应时间的延长呈现出先增加后略下降的趋势,NPYR的生成量随着反应时间的延长变化不大;含有油脂的乳化体系中NDMA、NDEA和NPYR的生成量均显著高于对照组水相体系,且在相同反应条件下,3?种N-亚硝胺的生成量依次为NDMA＞NDEA＞NPYR。结果表明,较高的温度、较低的pH值、较高的亚硝酸盐浓度以及一定量的油脂存在条件下,可以明显促进NDMA和NDEA的形成,而对NPYR形成影响最大的因素是反应温度,因此在肉制品实际生产中可以通过控制这些因素从而降低N-亚硝胺的生成。     

Irradiated Chinese Rugao ham: Changes in volatile N-nitrosamine, biogenic amine and residual nitrite during ripening and post-ripening

N-nitrosamines, biogenic amines and residual nitrite are harmful substances and often present in cured meat. The effects of gamma-irradiation (γ-irradiation) on these chemicals in dry-cured Chinese Rugao ham during ripening and post-ripening were investigated. Rugao hams were irradiated at a dose of 5kGy before ripening and were then ripened in an aging loft. Although γ-irradiation degraded tyramine, putrescine and spermine, on the other hand, it promoted the formation of spermidine, phenylethylamine, cadaverine and tryptamine. Residual nitrite was significantly reduced by γ-irradiation. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) were found in Chinese Rugao ham during ripening and post-ripening but could be degraded with γ-irradiation. The results suggest that γ-irradiation may be a potential decontamination measure for certain chemical compounds found in dry-cured meat.     

N-nitrosamines and residual nitrite in cured meats from the Dutch market

A total of 140 samples of 16 kinds of cured meats were analyzed for contents of residual nitrite and N-nitrosamines. Nitrite was determined by reaction with sulfanilamide/naphthylethylenediamine and colorimetric measurement. N-nitrosamines were isolated from the samples by vacuum distillation and determined by gas-chromatography with chemiluminescence detection (GC-TEA). In six samples no nitrite was detectable (less than 1 mg NaNO2/kg), the remaining samples contained 1-140 mg NaNO2/kg, median value 6.8 mg/kg. In 46 samples (33%) no N-nitrosamines were detected, i.e. less than 0.1-0.5 microgram/kg of the individual nitrosamines, depending upon their structure. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was the nitrosamine present most frequently, in 75 samples, contents were 0.1-0.9 microgram/kg, mean 0.3 microgram/kg. Other N-nitrosamines found were: N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), 10 times, 0.3-25 micrograms/kg; N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), three times, 0.2-0.9 microgram/kg; N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), three times, 1.3-4.2 micrograms/kg; N-nitrosomorpholine, once, 0.7 microgram/kg and N-nitrosothiazolidine (NTHZ), 36 times, 0.5-91 micrograms/kg, mean 5.7 micrograms/kg. NTHZ was found most often and with the highest contents in smoked products. Frying of bacon and cured, smoked pork bellies led to substantially increased levels of NPYR in both products, and for the pork bellies also of NTHZ. In five samples of cured, smoked pork bellies after frying NTHZ-contents of 3.6-490 micrograms/kg (mean 179) were found. No correlation between residual nitrite levels and N-nitrosamine contents could be established. Investigations during the nineteen seventies gave much higher levels for NDMA, NDEA, NPIP and NPYR in Dutch cured meats than now found; at that time NTHZ was not measured.     

Effectiveness of a Lactobacillus sakei starter culture in the reduction of biogenic amine accumulation as a function of the raw material quality

The effectiveness of an amine-negative starter culture (Lactobacillus sakei CTC494) in the reduction of biogenic amine production during the ripening of fermented sausages was examined. Four batches were manufactured in parallel: spontaneously fermented and starter-mediated sausages were manufactured from two lots of raw materials of different hygienic quality. Besides the biogenic amine contents, changes in the microbial counts, nitrogenous fractions, pH, and water content were measured at several sampling points during the ripening process. In sausages manufactured from good quality meat, the starter strain of L. sakei reduced and even inhibited biogenic amine accumulation during sausage fermentation, the end products showing extremely low biogenic amine contents (tyramine levels less than 15 mg/kg of dry matter and putrescine and cadaverine levels less than 5 mg/kg of dry matter). Nevertheless, starter-mediated sausages made from poorer-quality raw materials showed much higher amine contents (308, 223, and 36 mg/kg of dry matter of cadaverine, tyramine, and putrescine, respectively), which were only slightly lower than those of the spontaneously fermented sausages made from the same raw materials. The relatively high bacterial numbers of raw materials of poorer-hygienic quality diminished the beneficial effect of the starter strain. Therefore, the effectiveness of the starter was strongly dependent on the hygienic quality of the raw materials used.     

原料肉贮藏时间对牛肉发酵香肠中微生物菌相变化和蛋白质降解的影响

采用传统微生物计数、高通量测序、凯氏定氮、高效液相色谱等方法,探究牛肉宰后0～4 ℃下不同贮藏时间（0、12、24、36 h）对发酵香肠加工过程中微生物菌相变化、蛋白质降解及其相关性的影响。结果显示,随着牛肉贮藏时间的延长,香肠中菌落总数、大肠菌群数、菌群多样性和丰富度以及蛋白质降解指标均呈上升趋势,总游离氨基酸含量呈下降趋势;香肠成熟阶段中总挥发性盐基氮含量与总生物胺含量之间呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。其中,贮藏36 h牛肉加工的香肠与未经贮藏牛肉加工的香肠对比,菌落总数平均值由2.40×107 CFU/g增加到4.03×107 CFU/g（P＜0.05）,反映菌群多样性的Shannon指数平均值由1.39增长至2.89,优势菌群由整个加工阶段均为葡萄球菌变成前期为魏斯氏菌,后期为葡萄球菌;总游离氨基酸含量平均值由7.09 mg/g减少至6.44 mg/g,总生物胺含量平均值由92.14 mg/kg增长为117.42 mg/kg（P＜0.05）。结论：控制原料牛肉贮藏时间可以有效减少香肠中微生物的总量,降低菌群多样性,抑制蛋白质的降解,减缓生物胺的积累,从而保障发酵香肠的安全性。     

Biogenic amine accumulation in ripened sausages affected by the addition of sodium sulphite

The effect of two concentrations of sodium sulphite on biogenic amine accumulation during the ripening of slightly fermented sausages was examined. Three batches of sausages were manufactured: one without sulphite (control), one with 500 mg/kg and one with 1000 mg/kg of sodium sulphite. Considerable tyramine production (75–140 mg/kg dry matter [dm]) was observed in all batches. Sausages with sulphite, especially those with 500 mg/kg, accumulated higher amounts of tyramine than those without sulphite. Cadaverine was observed in the batch without sulphite (38 mg/kg dm), but its production was markedly inhibited by the presence of sulphite. A small amount of putrescine (4–12 mg/kg dm) was found during ripening and its final content was slightly higher in sausages with 1000 mg/kg of sulphite. No production of histamine, phenylethylamine or tryptamine was observed. Agmatine and spermine levels decreased during ripening, whereas spermidine levels remained constant. Although sausages with sulphite showed lower microbial counts, only cadaverine production was lower than in sausages without sulphite. In contrast, tyramine and putrescine production seemed to be stimulated by the presence of sodium sulphite.     

商业发酵剂对发酵香肠成熟过程中理化性质的影响

采用SBM-52、SHI-59、VBM-60复合型商业发酵剂生产发酵香肠,以不添加发酵剂作为对照组,在成熟第0、1、4、7、10天检测4 组香肠的pH值、非蛋白氮（non-protein nitrogen,NPN）含量、酸价、亚硝酸盐含量、水分活度（water activity,aw）、色差等理化指标的变化,考察不同商业发酵剂对发酵香肠成熟过程中理化品质的影响。结果表明：成熟终点时,4 组发酵香肠的pH值均小于5.0,亚硝酸盐含量低于30 mg/kg,充分保证了发酵香肠的安全性;NPN含量、aw和失重率的测定结果表明,添加3 种商业发酵剂均有助于发酵香肠中蛋白质的分解,加快成熟进程;SBM-52和VBM-60组香肠的酸价低于对照组,表明SBM-52和VBM-60具有较好的抑制脂肪氧化的作用。     

亚硝酸钠对自然发酵哈尔滨风干肠微生物生长、脂肪氧化及挥发性化合物的影响

研究不同添加水平的亚硝酸钠（NaNO2）对自然发酵哈尔滨风干肠微生物生长、脂肪氧化和挥发性化合物的影响。结果表明,添加NaNO2对风干肠发酵过程中的pH值、水分活度、总菌落数和乳酸菌菌落数无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但添加0.10?g/kg以上的NaNO2可以显著降低风干肠中大肠杆菌菌落数（P＜0.05）。色差分析表明当NaNO2添加量达到0.10?g/kg时可以起到良好的发色作用,过氧化物值和硫代巴比妥酸反应产物显示NaNO2具有良好的抗氧化作用,NaNO2残留量随发酵时间的延长而逐渐降低,发酵结束后,各实验组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。与此同时,挥发性化合物的分析结果显示,NaNO2添加量不影响风干肠中由碳水化合物发酵和氨基酸降解所产生的挥发性化合物的相对含量（P＞0.05）,但显著影响由脂肪氧化所产生的醛类和酮类化合物的相对含量（P＜0.05）,NaNO2添加量越大,对脂肪氧化产物的抑制作用越显著。