农产品中真菌毒素检测技术研究进展

真菌毒素是一种由特定真菌产生的化学性质稳定的有毒次级代谢产物。在农产品生产、收储、运输及加工过程中真菌毒素污染时有发生,存在安全隐患。因此建立准确、高效的真菌毒素检测方法对于真菌毒素防控具有重要意义。本文从样品前处理方法及真菌毒素检测技术2个方面对近年来国内外的研究进展进行了综述,以期为检验人员进行真菌毒素的准确测定提供参考。     

适配体传感器在真菌毒素检测中的应用研究进展

真菌毒素是由真菌在其污染的食品中产生的有毒代谢产物，可引起人的急性或慢性中毒，因此，建立真菌毒素快速、准确的检测方法对保障食品安全至关重要。适配体是一种短的单链DNA或RNA分子，作为识别元件，适配体具有特异性强、稳定性好和易于合成、修饰的优点。适配体传感器在真菌毒素的检测中应用较广泛，本文总结了各种适配体传感器在真菌毒素检测中的应用研究进展，以期为实现真菌毒素的快速、准确、高效检测提供思路和方法。     

粮食真菌毒素污染的无损检测方法研究进展

粮食种植、加工和储运过程易受真菌毒素污染,严重威胁人畜健康。然而,目前传统的真菌毒素检测方法存在过程繁琐、时效性差或灵敏度低等缺点,难以满足现场快速准确检测的需要,日益成为制约粮食质量安全的瓶颈。现代无损检测技术作为一种新兴的检测技术,可以在不破坏样品的情况下对其进行质量评价,是粮食品质在线、实时检测的一个重要发展方向,在粮食真菌毒素污染的快速分析方面具有巨大的应用潜力。本文重点综述了近红外光谱、高光谱图像、电子鼻等典型无损检测技术在粮食真菌毒素污染检测分析中的最新研究进展,讨论了各种技术的优点及限制因素,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

三种常见真菌毒素检测方法研究进展

真菌毒素是真菌产生的次生代谢产物,是粮食产品的主要污染源之一,对人类和动物都有严重危害。把控粮食中真菌毒素含量确保粮食安全具有很重要的意义,因此如何高效简便高灵敏度地对储粮中真菌毒素进行检测一直是相关研究关注的重点。本文对三种常见真菌毒素的检测技术研究进展进行综述,旨在为研究人员探求实用高效、经济可行的真菌毒素检测方法提供参考。     

真菌毒素性质及免疫原制备方法的研究进展

真菌毒素是一些真菌在生长过程中所产生的毒性很强的次级代谢产物,通过食品或饲料危害动物和人类的健康及安全。能充分认识真菌毒素性质,准确快速的检测真菌毒素是控制其危害的最有效手段,现阶段酶联免疫(ELISA)检测方法已经成为真菌毒素快速检测的主要趋势,本文对一些主要真菌毒素的性质、种类、危害以及真菌毒素的ELISA 检测方法中重要环节--免疫原制备方法的研究做一综述。     

基于纳米材料的适配体生物传感器检测真菌毒素研究进展

真菌毒素是真菌在饲料或食品中生长所产生的次级代谢产物,通过食物链可在人和动物体内不断蓄积,且较难通过代谢排除,给人体和畜牧业构成了较大威胁。因此,真菌毒素的监测成为了预防真菌毒素污染的重要途径之一。近年来,随着纳米材料科学的飞速发展和研究人员在真菌毒素检测方面的不断深入研究,基于纳米材料的适配体生物传感在真菌毒素检测领域得到了广泛应用。与传统检测方法相比,适配体与纳米材料联用检测技术更加快捷、方法更加简单、成本更加低廉。因此,本文归纳了近几年有关真菌毒素快速检测方面的文献,分析总结了以纳米材料为基础的适配体生物传感器用于真菌毒素的快速检测研究,以及有关食品安全现阶段面临的主要问题,期望对真菌毒素检测的相关研究发展起到一定的借鉴与启示。     

真菌毒素快速检测技术研究进展

真菌毒素污染是造成食品安全问题的重要因素之一,是目前和将来很长一段时间内全球食品安全领域研究的热点与焦点之一。真菌毒素是真菌在生长过程产生的次生代谢产物,其污染范围广泛,尤其易污染谷物类等粮食作物。由于其具有致畸、致癌、致突变等特性,易延伸至食物链,对人和动物健康带来严重危险。因此为了降低和控制其危害,首先需要严格检测监测真菌毒素的污染水平,开发高效、快捷的检测方法与配套产品。相对于色谱及其与质谱联用等具有检测结果准确,前处理复杂,检测成本高,不适于现场、高通量检测等常规实验室分析方法,快速检测具有现场、快速、低成本等优势,已成为实际真菌毒素监控中应用最广泛的方法。本文综述了国内外近三年内真菌毒素快速检测领域的最新研究进展,以期为我国食品安全中真菌毒素污染的有效监管提供技术参考。     

粮食中真菌毒素快速检测方法研究进展

粮食在生长、收获、运输、储藏、加工等过程中极易受到真菌毒素的污染,危害人们的健康,影响粮食安全性。因此如何有效地减少和长期防控粮食中真菌毒素的污染尤为重要。通过对目前研究提出的真菌毒素快速检测方法的研究现状进行综述,以期为未来建立真菌毒素防控系统,长期防控、检测真菌毒素提供理论参考。     

国内外谷物中多种真菌毒素限量和同步检测标准及方法研究进展

谷物极易受多种真菌毒素的混合污染,而产生相加或协同毒性作用,威胁人和动物的健康。快速灵敏、高通量同步检测是真菌毒素混合污染监管和保障农产品质量安全的重要措施。因此,本文对国内外谷物中真菌毒素的限量标准和同步检测标准与方法(ELISA、免疫层析、分子技术、生物传感、高效液相色谱法、色谱-质谱联用分析)进行了综述,分析了现有标准和主流同步检测方法的特点与适用条件,总结了谷物中多种真菌毒素同步检测技术存在的问题,并对其未来发展方向与应用前景进行了展望。     

QuEChERS技术在食品真菌毒素检测中的研究进展

真菌毒素是丝状真菌产生的有毒代谢产物,对人类和动物的健康构成严重威胁。因此,建立食品中多种真菌毒素的高效提取和净化方法,有利于降低真菌毒素的暴露风险,保障食品安全。QuEChERS方法具有简单、快速、回收率高、试剂用量少、安全等优点,可运用于真菌毒素的检测。该文概述了该方法在食品中真菌毒素分析检测方面的应用,根据QuEChERS技术的特点,探讨应用QuEChERS技术对真菌毒素进行预处理过程中,提取、盐析和净化步骤所应用的方法及对真菌毒素提取效率的影响,总结QuEChERS技术在食品真菌毒素检测中的应用,并对该技术现阶段应用中亟待解决的问题提出了展望和建议。     

链格孢霉毒素的分析方法及其毒理机制研究进展

链格孢霉毒素是由链格孢霉属(Alternaria species)产生的次级代谢产物,因其大都具有细胞毒性、基因毒性、诱变性、致畸致癌性等毒性,食用被其污染的食物后会对人体健康造成严重危害。因此,筛选快速、简便的分析方法和研究其毒性作用机制都是当今的热点。本文主要概述了链格孢霉毒素的分类及理化性质,常见的分析方法及其毒理机制,旨在为链格孢霉毒素的风险评估和中毒防治等研究提供参考,同时对于人和动物的健康安全也具有重要意义。     

农产品中真菌毒素检测方法研究进展

真菌毒素是由特定真菌在适宜条件下产生的有毒小分子次级代谢产物,农产品在生长、加工和储运过程中均存在被真菌毒素污染的可能性,被真菌毒素污染的农产品会严重危害动物和人类的健康。因此建立精确、高效的真菌毒素检测方法对于农产品中真菌毒素的防控和监测具有重要意义。本文主要介绍了真菌毒素的产生和危害,综述了近5年农产品中真菌毒素检测方法(仪器分析法、免疫学分析方法和光谱分析法)的研究进展,分析了这些检测方法的优缺点,并展望了农产品中真菌毒素在未来的发展趋势,为农产品中真菌毒素检测的相关研究和安全监管提供参考和启发。     

Natural Occurrence,Analysis, and Prevention of Mycotoxins in Fruits and their Processed Products

Mycotoxins are small toxic chemical products formed as the secondary metabolites by fungi that readily contaminate foods with toxins in the field or after harvest. The presence of mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and patulin, in fruits and their processed products is of high concern for human health due to their properties to induce severe acute and chronic toxicity at low-dose levels. Currently, a broad range of detection techniques used for practical analysis and detection of a wide spectrum of mycotoxins are available. Many analytical methods have been developed for the determination of each group of these mycotoxins in different food matrices, but new methods are still required to achieve higher sensitivity and address other challenges that are posed by these mycotoxins. Effective technologies are needed to reduce or even eliminate the presence of the mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products. Preventive measures aimed at the inhibition of mycotoxin formation in fruits and their processed products are the most effective approach. Detoxification of mycotoxins by different physical, chemical, and biological methods are less effective and sometimes restricted because of concerns of safety, possible losses in nutritional quality of the treated commodities and cost implications. This article reviewed the available information on the major mycotoxins found in foods and feeds, with an emphasis of fruits and their processed products, and the analytical methods used for their determination. Based on the current knowledge, the major strategies to prevent or even eliminate the presence of the mycotoxins in fruits and their processed products were proposed.     

Mycotoxin analysis: an update

Mycotoxin contamination of cereals and related products used for feed can cause intoxication, especially in farm animals. Therefore, efficient analytical tools for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of toxic fungal metabolites in feed are required. Current methods usually include an extraction step, a clean-up step to reduce or eliminate unwanted co-extracted matrix components and a separation step with suitably specific detection ability. Quantitative methods of analysis for most mycotoxins use immunoaffinity clean-up with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation in combination with UV and/or fluorescence detection. Screening of samples contaminated with mycotoxins is frequently performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), which yields qualitative or semi-quantitative results. Nowadays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are often used for rapid screening. A number of promising methods, such as fluorescence polarization immunoassays, dipsticks, and even newer methods such as biosensors and non-invasive techniques based on infrared spectroscopy, have shown great potential for mycotoxin analysis. Currently, there is a strong trend towards the use of multi-mycotoxin methods for the simultaneous analysis of several of the important Fusarium mycotoxins, which is best achieved by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry). This review focuses on recent developments in the determination of mycotoxins with a special emphasis on LC-MS/MS and emerging rapid methods.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测茶叶中真菌毒素的研究进展

茶叶由于富含多酚类、儿茶素和多种矿物质等，具有降血脂、抗氧化、减肥、抗菌等多重保健功效而备受欢迎，其质量安全一直广受关注。茶叶在其生产加工和保存过程中有可能被真菌毒素污染，真菌毒素由于对人和动物具有严重的危害（致癌性）更是备受关注。茶叶中毒素残留的高效、高通量检测方法，成为了研究的重点。本文参考国内外大量文献，综述了茶叶中真菌毒素的检测方法，比较了不同检测方法的局限性和优越性，重点综述了检出限低、灵敏度高的液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)用于茶叶真菌毒素的研究。对不同前处理提取试剂、净化小柱和检测仪器条件的优劣进行了比较；对该方法用于检测不同品种茶叶时，其基质效应对结果的影响进行了分析；总结了茶叶中真菌毒素的检测结果。对该方法用于茶叶真菌毒素检测的发展进行了展望，为检测茶叶中真菌毒素检测标准和限量标准的建立提供理论依据     

Mycotoxin analysis: An update

Mycotoxin contamination of cereals and related products used for feed can cause intoxication, especially in farm animals. Therefore, efficient analytical tools for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of toxic fungal metabolites in feed are required. Current methods usually include an extraction step, a clean-up step to reduce or eliminate unwanted co-extracted matrix components and a separation step with suitably specific detection ability. Quantitative methods of analysis for most mycotoxins use immunoaffinity clean-up with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation in combination with UV and/or fluorescence detection. Screening of samples contaminated with mycotoxins is frequently performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), which yields qualitative or semi-quantitative results. Nowadays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are often used for rapid screening. A number of promising methods, such as fluorescence polarization immunoassays, dipsticks, and even newer methods such as biosensors and non-invasive techniques based on infrared spectroscopy, have shown great potential for mycotoxin analysis. Currently, there is a strong trend towards the use of multi-mycotoxin methods for the simultaneous analysis of several of the important Fusarium mycotoxins, which is best achieved by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry). This review focuses on recent developments in the determination of mycotoxins with a special emphasis on LC-MS/MS and emerging rapid methods.     

Advanced synchrotron-based and globar-sourced molecular (micro) spectroscopy contributions to advances in food and feed research on molecular structure,mycotoxin determination,and molecular nutrition

ABSTRACT

Mycotoxin contamination has been a worldwide problem for food and feeds production for a long time. There is an obviously increased focus of the food and feed industry toward the reduction of mycotoxin concentration in both the raw materials and finished products. Therefore, both effective qualitative and quantitative techniques for the determination of mycotoxins are required to minimize their harmful effects. Conventional wet chemical methods usually are time-consuming, expensive, and rely on complex extraction and cleanup pretreatments. Synchrotron-based and globar-based molecular spectroscopy have shown great potential to be developed as rapid and nondestructive tools for the determination of molecular structure, molecular nutrition and mycotoxins in feed and food. This article reviews the common types of mycotoxins in feed and food, their toxicity, as well as the conventional detection methods. The principle of advanced molecular spectroscopy techniques and their application prospects for mycotoxin detection are discussed. Recent progress in food and feed research with molecular spectroscopy techniques is highlighted. This review provides a potential and insight into how to determine the structure and mycotoxins of feed and food on a molecular basis with advanced Synchrotron-based and globar-based molecular (micro) spectroscopy.     

基于核壳型量子点的生物传感器在真菌毒素检测中的应用进展

真菌毒素是真菌产生的有毒次生代谢物,其广泛存在于被污染的食物中,其中黄曲霉毒素已被认定为天然存在的剧毒致癌物。鉴于真菌毒素污染给人类健康与安全带来的风险与危害,发展低成本、快速、高效的检测方法以确保食品安全,具有重要的现实意义。已有大量研究者构建了基于单一量子点或其他荧光材料为荧光探针的生物传感器用于检测真菌毒素,并且从材料、检测方法和生物传感器等角度进行了详细的检测。然而,目前并没有系统地阐述核壳量子点构建的生物传感器在真菌毒素中的应用报道,因此,本文主要从基于核壳量子点构建的免疫电化学发光传感器、适配体免疫电化学发光传感器、免疫荧光传感器、适配体荧光传感器和试纸条传感器在真菌毒素中的应用进展进行阐述,首次系统地阐述了核壳型量子点生物传感器在真菌毒素分析检测中的研究进展,以期为同类研究提供一定的理论依据。     

Recent developments and applications of hyperspectral imaging for rapid detection of mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in food products

Mycotoxins are the foremost naturally occurring contaminants of food products such as corn, peanuts, tree nuts, and wheat. As the secondary metabolites, mycotoxins are mainly synthesized by many species of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium, and are considered highly toxic and carcinogenic to humans and animals. Most mycotoxins are detected and quantified by analytical chemistry-based methods. While mycotoxigenic fungi are usually identified and quantified by biological methods. However, these methods are time-consuming, laborious, costly, and inconsistent because of the variability of the grain-sampling process. It is desirable to develop rapid, non-destructive and efficient methods that objectively measure and evaluate mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in food. In recent years, some spectroscopy-based technologies such as hyperspectral imaging (HSI), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have been extensively investigated for their potential use as tools for the detection, classification, and sorting of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungal contaminants in food. HSI integrates both spatial and spectral information for every pixel in an image, making it suitable for rapid detection of large quantities of samples and more heterogeneous samples and for in-line sorting in the food industry. In order to track the latest research developments in HSI, this paper gives a brief overview of the theories and fundamentals behind the technology and discusses its applications in the field of rapid detection and sorting of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi in food products. Additionally, advantages and disadvantages of HSI are compared, and its potential use in commercial applications is reported.     

微芯片技术在农产品及食品真菌毒素快速检测中的应用

真菌毒素污染的农产品及食品会对人类及牲畜的健康产生严重威胁。目前,真菌毒素的检测主要采用液相色谱-质谱联用法(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,LC-MS)、气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)等传统检测方法。然而,这些检测方法的样品前处理过程比较繁琐、费时,并且在分析过程中还会消耗大量的有毒试剂。微芯片技术所需样品的消耗量少并且分析时间短,可实现样品的集成化、微型化以及高通量检测。微芯片技术在真菌毒素检测中的应用,弥补了上述传统检测方法的不足。本文主要综述了微芯片技术在农产品及食品真菌毒素快速检测中的应用研究进展。首先对农产品及食品中常见的真菌毒素及其毒性进行了简单介绍;接着重点对微芯片技术在真菌毒素检测中的应用进行了详细论述;最后对微芯片应用于真菌毒素检测的发展前景和挑战进行了展望。