鸡矢藤提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖及血脂的影响

目的:研究鸡矢藤提取物(Paederia scandens extracts,PSE)对糖尿病ICR小鼠血糖、血脂的影响.方法:采用高糖高脂饮食加尾静脉注射链脲菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)得到糖尿病模型小鼠,分别以含生药量2.6、1.3g/kg的提取物、二甲双胍或纯净水进行30d灌胃实验,观察小鼠空腹血糖、血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白含量以及体重、采食量、采水量变化.结果:长期服用PSE能缓解糖尿病小鼠体重下降和多食症状,高剂量PSE组小鼠空腹血糖比实验初期降低7.6%,高、低剂量PSE能降低糖尿病小鼠血清甘油三酯含量,并升高高密度脂蛋白含量,尤其高剂量PSE对血清甘油三酯的抑制最为明显,降幅为24.67%.结论:实验证明PSE具有一定的降血糖潜力.     

夏枯草提取物对链脲菌素致糖尿病ICR小鼠血糖及血脂影响

目的:研究夏枯草提取物对链脲菌素致糖尿病ICR小鼠血糖、血脂的影响。方法:采用链脲菌素(Strepotozotocin,STZ)尾静脉注射得到糖尿病模型小鼠,分别以含生药量8、4g/kgbw醇提物、格林苯脲或纯净水进行28d灌胃实验,观察小鼠空腹血糖、血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白含量,以及体重、采食量、采水量变化。结果:长期服用夏枯草醇提物(PrunellavulgarisL.extracts,PVE)能缓解糖尿病ICR小鼠体重下降和多饮多食症状,高剂量PVE组小鼠空腹血糖比实验初期降低9.7%,高、低剂量PVE均能显著地降低糖尿病小鼠血清甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白含量并提高高密度脂蛋白含量,实验证明PVE具有良好的降血糖潜力。     

大豆油-月桂酸结构脂质对C57BL/6J小鼠脂质代谢的影响

大豆油-月桂酸新型结构脂质的开发及其对脂质代谢影响的研究,为开发控制肥胖及相关疾病的结构脂质提供理论依据。以大豆油和月桂酸为原料,通过酶促酯交换反应合成MLM(中长链)型结构脂质。选取20只健康的C57BL/6J型实验小鼠均分为4组,喂食不同的饲料,分别是标准饮食组(普通饲料+生理盐水组),普通饲料+大豆油组,普通饲料+结构脂质组,高脂饲料+结构脂质组。喂食30 d后观察小鼠体重的变化,并检测小鼠血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度胆固醇(LDL-C)和脏器指数等相关指标,分析大豆油-月桂酸新型结构脂质改善脂质代谢抑制肥胖的效果。研究表明,添加大豆油-月桂酸结构脂质会影响接受标准饮食或高脂饮食小鼠的吸收,从而有效防止小鼠体重增加。小鼠血清中的TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平得到有效调节,而丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶的活性无明显变化。表明获得的新型结构脂质具有控制肥胖的良好潜力,且不会产生副作用。     

中链脂肪酸生酮饮食对大鼠神经行为和脂代谢的影响

热量限制饮食(CR)、含或不含中链脂肪酸(MCFAs)的生酮饮食(KD)喂养大鼠，测定大鼠体质量和脏器系数，以高架十字迷宫试验评价大鼠神经行为，以血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、瘦素和内脂素评价大鼠脂代谢，研究不同饮食方式对大鼠的神经行为和脂代谢的影响。结果表明：中链脂肪酸生酮饮食可有效改善大鼠焦虑和抑郁相关行为；2种国产生酮粉显著下调大鼠血清LDL-C水平，中链脂肪酸生酮饮食与经典KD相比，显著上调大鼠血清HDL-C水平；不同的饮食方案均对瘦素水平均无显著影响，中链脂肪酸生酮饮食可显著下调内脂素水平。结果表明中链脂肪酸生酮饮食可改善大鼠神经行为并调节脂代谢。     

中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯降血脂作用研究

对自制的中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯进行了餐后血脂实验和小鼠成长实验。餐后血脂实验将36只昆明小鼠随机分为3组,喂养1周。小鼠成长实验将72只小鼠随机分为6组,喂养5周。实验结束时,测定血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,计算脏器指数。结果表明:餐后血脂实验中中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯组的TG显著低于大豆油组并显著高于空白组;小鼠成长实验中中量组和高量组小鼠的体重、TG和LDLC明显低于猪油组,高量组TG、LDL-C与大豆油组比较显著降低且TC比猪油组显著降低。中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯可以降低长期饲喂小鼠的TG、TC、LDL-C水平,具有降低血脂的作用。     

中链甘油三酯微胶囊的体外释放及对小鼠脂质代谢的影响

采用喷雾干燥技术制备中链甘油三酯微胶囊,将中链甘油三酯固态化,方便食品添加和储运;以人工胃液模拟体外释放,初步研究了中链甘油三酯微胶囊的缓释特性;并以基础合成饲料、长链甘油三酯微胶囊高脂饲料(长链甘油三酯供能占总能量30%左右)和中链甘油三酯微胶囊高脂饲料(中链甘油三酯供能占总能量30%左右)分别饲喂小鼠,并观察5周内小鼠健康状况和体质量、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量、饲料消耗量的变化,研究中链甘油三酯对小鼠脂质代谢的影响。结果表明,中链甘油三酯微胶囊在人工胃液中可缓慢释放6h,能够缓解中链甘油三酯一次性摄入量超标引起的腹痛腹泻问题,膳食中添加中链甘油三酯微胶囊后,能降低体内TC和LDL-C的含量,中链甘油三酯微胶囊的高脂膳食具有预防肥胖、减少体质量增长和体脂累积、减轻肝脏脂肪沉积的作用,且其抑制体质量增长的机制与减少能量摄入量无关。     

普洱茶茶褐素对高糖饮食大鼠血糖血脂指标的影响

以普洱茶茶褐素为对象,研究普洱茶茶褐素对高糖饮食大鼠血糖、血脂指标的影响。将实验大鼠分为正常对照组、高糖模型组和茶褐素低、中、高剂量组(即给药量分别为0.281、0.562、1.124 g/kg bw)及阳性(罗格列酮)对照组。观察普洱茶茶褐素对大鼠摄食量、体重、体脂、血脂及空腹血糖的影响。结果表明:干预期结束后,与高糖模型组相比,茶褐素组能抑制高糖饮食大鼠体重、体脂的增加,不同程度地抑制了大鼠血清甘油三酯、空腹血糖的升高,尤其是高剂量茶褐素组效果显著(P0.5),说明茶褐素具有抑制高糖饮食大鼠血糖升高及体重增加的功效。     

豌豆低聚肽对2型糖尿病小鼠肝脏PI3K/AKT/FOXO1信号通路的调节作用

本文旨在探究豌豆低聚肽对2型糖尿病(T2MD)小鼠肝脏磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B/转录因子FoxO1(PI3K/AKT/FOXO1)蛋白表达的影响.通过对小鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ),建立2型糖尿病小鼠模型,并用二甲双胍和豌豆低聚肽分别饮食干预4周.结果表明,豌豆低聚肽组的小鼠糖尿病指征较模型组均有一定改善,且...     

抗性淀粉对慢性肾脏疾病患者炎症、尿毒症毒素及肾功能的影响：系统评价和Meta分析

目的：通过系统回顾和荟萃分析评估抗性淀粉对慢性肾脏疾病患者炎症、尿毒症毒素及肾功能的影响。方法：分别在PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CBM、中国知网、万方中检索抗性淀粉饮食干预慢性肾病患者的随机对照研究的文献,检索时间均至2021年6月2日。文献质量采用Cochran协作网推荐的偏倚风险评估工具进行评估。相关数据用Reveman 5.3软件进行整合、分析。结果：共检索文献783篇,其中9篇符合纳入标准,共纳入研究对象335例。分析结果显示,抗性淀粉饮食干预可显著降低慢性肾脏疾病患者的硫酸吲哚酚(IS)水平[SMD=-0.31,95%CI(-0.61,-0.01),P=0.04]和尿素氮(BUN)水平[SMD=-0.43,95%CI(-0.68,-0.18),P<0.05],而白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、甲氧基硫酸酯(PCS)、白蛋白、磷和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的测定结果无显著性差异。结论：抗性淀粉饮食干预对慢性肾脏疾病患者的尿毒症毒素及肾功能指标有潜在的有益作用。抗性淀粉补充可降低尿毒症毒素水平及改善肾...     

中长链脂肪酸结构脂对小鼠脂质代谢的影响

肥胖与慢性病风险增加密切相关。中长链脂肪酸结构脂已被公认为在防治肥胖方面具有很大的发展前景。本研究制备了3种不同中链脂肪酸含量(10%、20%、30%,w/w)的中长链脂肪酸结构脂,系统地研究了它们对C57BL/6J小鼠脂质代谢的影响。含有30%(w/w)中链脂肪酸的结构脂可以有效降低小鼠的体重,改善小鼠的脂代谢和肝脏甘油三酯水平,进一步发现其通过上调肝脏内基因蛋白过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α和长链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶表达提升脂肪酸β-氧化,且下调脂肪酸合成酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c和苹果酸酶表达抑制脂肪酸合成。     

Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis

Prepartum diets influence cow performance for weeks to months postpartum. This observation leads to questions about milk yield and physiological and health responses to diets with negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD). Further, responses to increased intake of a diet with lower DCAD (Eq/d) have not been explored using meta-analysis. Our objectives were to explore the effects of prepartum DCAD intake on metabolism and production and health as well as the potential for differences in intake of other macrominerals to influence responses to differences in DCAD intake using classical meta-analytical methods. Not all treated groups were fed a diet with negative DCAD, and the effect studied is that of reducing the DCAD. We hypothesized that reducing DCAD intake would improve Ca metabolism and postpartum performance. We used a maximum of 58 comparisons from 31 experiments and a total of 1,571 cows. Intakes of DCAD were 2.28 Eq/d and ?0.64 Eq/d for the control, higher DCAD and treated, lower DCAD groups, respectively. Diets with lower DCAD reduced urine pH [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.90 and weighted mean difference (WMD) ?1.23 pH]. Intake of lower DCAD decreased prepartum DMI (SMD = 0.23; WMD = 0.29 kg/d), increased postpartum DMI (SMD = 0.40; WMD = 0.63 kg/d), and increased milk yield (SMD = 0.172). However, we found an interaction with parity; diets with lower DCAD increased milk yield in parous cows (SMD = 0.29; WMD = 1.1 kg/d) but resulted in numerically lower milk yield in nulliparous cows (SMD = ?0.20; WMD = 1.28 kg/d) compared with controls. The FCM yield increased with treatment (SMD = 0.12; WMD = 0.56 kg/d); however, yield of treated cows tended to be greater in parous cows but smaller for nulliparous cows compared with controls. Milk fat percentage, milk fat yield, and milk protein percentages were not affected by treatment, although milk protein yield tended to increase in cows fed the lower DCAD diet (SMD = 0.21; WMD = 0.02 kg/d). Treatment increased blood Ca (SMD = 0.53; WMD = 0.13 mM) and P (SMD = 0.40; WMD = 0.13 mM) on the day of calving and Ca postpartum (SMD = 0.36; WMD = 0.06 mM). Treated cows had smaller concentration of blood BHB before calving than controls (SMD = ?0.39; WMD = ?0.04 mM). Reducing DCAD in cows resulted in decreased risks of clinical hypocalcemia (risk ratio = 0.60) and retained placenta (risk ratio = 0.59), and reduced the odds of metritis (odds ratio = 0.46) and overall disease (OR = 0.61). We observed no effect on risk of abomasal displacement or mastitis and no effect of differences between treated and control cows in Ca intake (g/d) on the outcomes evaluated. A positive role for increased Mg intake between groups for increased milk fat yield and in reducing the risk of retained placenta was identified. Diets with lower DCAD improved performance of parous dairy cows, and our findings suggest a need for more studies on the effects of a lower DCAD on nulliparous transition cows.     

Effects of EPA and DHA on blood pressure and inflammatory factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

The present study aimed to clarify whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have differential effects on blood pressure and inflammatory mediators. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus updated to Apr. 2018. The mean changes in risk factors of chronic diseases were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) by using a random-effects model. Twenty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The summary estimate showed that EPA intervention significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-2.6?mmHg; 95%confident interval (CI): -4.6, -0.5?mmHg), especially in subjects with dyslipidemia (-3.8?mmHg; 95%CI: -6.7, -0.8?mmHg). The pooled effect indicated that supplemental DHA exerted a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in subjects with dyslipidemia (-3.1?mmHg; 95%CI: -5.9, -0.2?mmHg). Both EPA (-0.56?mg/L; 95%CI: -1.13, 0.00) and DHA (-0.5?mg/L; 95%CI: -1.0, -0.03) significantly reduced the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), respectively, especially in subjects with dyslipidemia and higher baseline CRP concentrations. Given that limited trials have focused on EPA or DHA intervention on concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, further RCTs should be explored on these inflammatory factors. The present meta-analysis provides substantial evidence that EPA and DHA have independent (blood pressure) and shared (CRP concentration) effects on risk factors of chronic diseases, and high-quality RCTs with multi-center and large simple-size should be performed to confirm the present findings.     

Purified berry anthocyanins but not whole berries normalize lipid parameters in mice fed an obesogenic high fat diet

Male C57BL/6 mice received diets with either 10% of kcal from fat, or a high fat diet [45% (HF45) or 60% (HF60) kcal from fat]. Diets were prepared with or without freeze‐dried powders (10%) from whole blueberries (BB), strawberries (SB), Concord grape or black raspberry. In the 2nd study, purified anthocyanins (ACNs) from SB or BB were added to the drinking water of the treatments fed the HF60 diet. In Study 1, serum triglycerides were increased by feeding the HF45 diet but were elevated further when black raspberry or BB was included in the HF45 diet. Liver total lipids and triglycerides were increased in mice fed HF45 diet and inclusion of any of the berry powders in the HF45 diet did not alter concentrations compared to HF45 controls. In the 2nd study, mice fed the HF60 diet plus purified ACNs from BB in the water had lower body weight gains and body fat than the HF60 fed. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were elevated with the HF60 diet and decreased to control levels when ACNs from either SB or BB were included in the drinking water. Serum leptin levels were consistently decreased to control low fat levels in those ACN treatments in which measures of body fat were decreased. Administering purified ACNs from BB and strawberry via drinking water prevented the development of dyslipidemia and obesity in mice, but feeding diets containing whole berries or purple corn (PC) ACNs did not alter the development of obesity.     

The effects of ginger intake on weight loss and metabolic profiles among overweight and obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to summarize the effect of ginger intake on weight loss, glycemic control and lipid profiles among overweight and obese subjects. We searched the following databases through November 2017: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The relevant data were extracted and assessed for quality of the studies according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method and expressed as Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the Cochran Q statistic and I-squared tests (I²). Overall, 14 studies were included in the meta-analyses. Fourteen RCTs with 473 subjects were included in our meta-analysis. The results indicated that the supplementation with ginger significantly decreased body weight (BW) (SMD ?0.66; 95% CI, ?1.31, ?0.01; P = 0.04), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (SMD ?0.49; 95% CI, ?0.82, ?0.17; P = 0.003), hip ratio (HR) (SMD ?0.42; 95% CI, ?0.77, ?0.08; P = 0.01), fasting glucose (SMD ?0.68; 95% CI, ?1.23, ?0.05; P = 0.03) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (SMD ?1.67; 95% CI, ?2.86, ?0.48; P = 0.006), and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol levels (SMD 0.40; 95% CI, 0.10, 0.70; P = 0.009). We found no detrimental effect of ginger on body mass index (BMI) (SMD ?0.65; 95% CI, ?1.36, 0.06; P = 0.074), insulin (SMD ?0.54; 95% CI, ?1.43, 0.35; P = 0.23), triglycerides (SMD ?0.27; 95% CI, ?0.71, 0.18; P = 0.24), total- (SMD ?0.20; 95% CI, ?0.58, 0.18; P = 0.30) and LDL-cholesterol (SMD ?0.13; 95% CI, ?0.51, 0.24; P = 0.48). Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that ginger intake reduced BW, WHR, HR, fasting glucose and HOMA-IR, and increased HDL-cholesterol, but did not affect insulin, BMI, triglycerides, total- and LDL-cholesterol levels.     

Effects of dietary consumption of cranberry powder on metabolic parameters in growing rats fed high fructose diets

The effect of dietary consumption of a cranberry powder (CP) containing increased amounts of procyanidins and other phytochemicals on metabolic parameters associated with metabolic syndrome was investigated in growing rats fed a high fructose diet. Dietary treatments were control (starch based), high fructose (HF), and HF containing either 3.3, 6.6, or 33 g CP/kg diet. Fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides tended to be higher with HF feeding and were reduced by feeding CP. The area under curve following an oral glucose tolerance test was 35-50% higher in animals fed HF diet vs. control and was decreased to control levels by the low or medium but not high CP diet. Feeding CP tended to lower fasting plasma insulin. Homeostatic models of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-BCF) were lowest in animals fed low or medium CP diets (p < 0.05). Rats fed the control starch diet had slightly higher food intake, final body weight, and abdominal fat compared to animals fed other diets. Kidney weight was higher in HF group and feeding CP decreased kidney weight to normal levels. In the fed state, plasma triglyceride was increased with HF diet, whereas insulin was lower in animals fed HF diet. Overall, inclusion of CP in the diet was effective in modulating some aspects of metabolic parameters associated with metabolic syndrome and the medium level of CP in the diet produced a better response than the lower and higher CP levels.     

Beneficial effects of the consumption of sun-dried radishes (Raphanus sativus cv. YR-Hyuga-Risou) on dyslipidemia in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

In the present study, we evaluated the effects of daily consumption of raw (RR) or sun-dried (SDR) radishes (Raphanus sativus cv. YR-Hyuga-Risou) on apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE^−/−) mice. Daily consumption of RR for 16 weeks significantly decreased body weight gain in the both wild-type and ApoE^−/− mice. The wild-type mice fed the SDR diet gained significantly less body weight than the ApoE^−/− mice fed the same diet, although the ApoE^−/− mice showed a trend toward decreased body weight gain. Consumption of both diets led to a marked decrease in visceral fat weight and serum triglyceride levels in ApoE^−/− mice. Oral fat tolerance tests indicated that pretreatment with RR or SDR mitigated the increase in serum triglyceride levels seen after oil administration. In conclusion, we found that daily consumption of both RR- and SDR-containing diets can help us to prevent from dyslipidemia by inhibiting fat absorption.     

The effects of chitosan supplementation on body weight and body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Although several clinical trials studied the efficacy of chitosan on weight loss, controversial results have been found. Herein, we evaluated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of chitosan consumption in adult participants on body weight and body composition through a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA). We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases. The primary body composition indices including body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat, and hip circumference were extracted. The quality of included articles was assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled using the random-effects models and calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity investigated using I² statistics. TSA, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression and publication bias were also evaluated. Overall, 15 eligible trials (18 treatment arms) with 1130 subjects were included. The pooled analyses revealed a significant reduction in body weight (WMD, ?0.89?kg; 95% CI, ?1.41 to ?0.38; P?=?0.0006), BMI (WMD, ?0.39?kg/m²; 95% CI, ?0.64 to ?0.14; P?=?0.002) and body fat (WMD, ?0.69%; 95% CI, ?1.02 to ?0.35; P?=?0.0001) receiving chitosan supplementation. Subgroup analyses also showed that consuming chitosan in dose (>2.4?g/d), shorter-term (<12?weeks), studies with parallel design and studies including participants with obese or overweight had positive effects on body composition. TSA provided conclusive evidence for the benefit of chitosan supplementation. Our findings provided evidence that chitosan consumption might be a useful adjunctive pharmacological therapeutic tool for body weight management particularly in overweight/obese participants. Further well-constructed clinical trials that target body weight and body composition as their primary outcomes are needed.     

Lactational performance effects of supplemental histidine in dairy cows: A meta-analysis

The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the effects of supplemental His on lactational performance, plasma His concentration and efficiency of utilization of digestible His (Eff_His) in dairy cows. The meta-analysis was performed on data from 17 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1999 and 2022. Five publications reported data from 2 separate experiments, which were included in the analyses as separate studies, therefore resulting in a total of 22 studies. In 10 studies, His was supplemented as rumen-protected (RP) His; in 1 study, 2 basal diets with different dHis levels were fed; and in the remaining experiments, free His was infused into the abomasum (4 studies), the jugular vein (3 studies) or deleted from a mixture of postruminally infused AA (4 studies). The main forages in the diets were corn silage in 14 and grass silage in 8 studies. If not reported in the publications, the supplies of dietary CP, metabolizable protein (MP), net energy of lactation, and digestible His (dHis) were estimated using NRC (2001). An initial meta-analysis was performed to test the standard mean difference (SMD; raw mean difference of treatment and control means divided by the pooled standard deviation of the means), that is, effect size, and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) in production parameters between His-supplemented groups versus control. Further, regression analyses were also conducted to examine and compare the relationships between several response variables and dHis supply. Across studies, His supplementation increased plasma His concentration (SMD = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.17–1.61), as well as DMI (SMD = 0.240; 95% CI: 0.051–0.429) and milk yield (MY; SMD = 0.667; 95% CI: 0.468–0.866), respectively. Further, milk true protein concentration (MTP; SMD = 0.236; 95% CI: 0.046–0.425) and milk true protein yield (MTPY; SMD = 0.581; 95% CI: 0.387–0.776) were increased by His supplementation. Notably, the increase in MTP concentration and MTPY were 3.9 and 1.3 times greater for studies with MP-deficient (according to NRC 2001) diets compared with studies with MP-adequate diets. The regression analyses revealed that production parameters (DMI, MY, and MTPY) responded in a nonlinear manner to increasing His supply. Further, we detected a difference in the magnitude of change in MTPY and plasma His concentration with the level of His supply and between His supplementation methods, being greater for infused His compared with RPHis. Lastly, a linear and negative relationship between Eff_His and the ratio of total digestible His to net energy for lactation supply was observed, indicating an important interaction between dHis and energy supply and Eff_His (i.e., utilization of dHis to support protein export). Overall, these analyses confirm His as an important AA in dairy cattle nutrition.     

Effects of iron supplementation versus dietary iron on the nutritional iron status: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT

This meta-analysis compared the effects of dietary intervention versus iron supplementation on biochemical parameters related to the iron nutritional status in humans. The PubMed, CENTRAL, LILACS, SCIELO, OPENGREY.EU and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for randomized clinical trials that assigned individuals to a dietary intervention or to an iron supplementation regimen, for 12 weeks or more. The primary outcome was the hemoglobin concentration, and secondary outcomes were ferritin, RDW, mean corpuscular volume, soluble transferrin receptor, total iron binding capacity, serum iron, and transferrin saturation. From the 6095 records identified, twelve studies were included, six with children, five with adolescents/adults, and one with pregnant women. In the subgroup of studies that included anemic/iron deficient children, supplementation significantly increased the hemoglobin concentration (weighted mean difference (WMD): 3.19 g/L [95% CI: 1.31, 5.07]) and induced a significantly greater reduction of the soluble transferrin receptor (WMD: ?0.46 mg/L [95% CI: ?0.70, ?0, 21]), when compared to dietary intervention. It also induced a greater reduction of the total binding capacity of iron in adolescents/adults (WMD: ?6.96 μmol/L [95% CI: ?12.70, ?1.21]). Supplementation showed a better effect on hemoglobin recovery in anemic/iron deficient children, while no differences were observed between supplementation and dietary intervention in treating adolescents/adults.     

Effects of quercetin supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: In spite of promising experimental findings, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded mixed results on the impact of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipid levels.

Aim: The present study aimed to quantify the effects of quercetin on plasma lipids using a meta-analysis of RCTs.

Methods: A systematic literature search of Medline was conducted for RCTs that investigated the efficacy of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipids comprising total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for net changes in lipid concentrations using a random-effects model. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to assess the effect of quercetin dose and duration of supplementation as moderators on the calculated effect measures.

Results: Five RCTs totaling 442 subjects (221 in the quercetin and 221 in the control group) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and selected for analyses. Combined estimate of effect size for the impact of quercetin on plasma LDL-C (WMD: 1.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: ?0.92–3.78, p = 0.23), HDL-C (WMD: 0.26 mg/dL, 95% CI: ?0.74–1.25, p = 0.61) and triglycerides (WMD: ?9.42 mg/dL, 95% CI: ?27.80–8.96, p = 0.32) was not statistically significant. However, a borderline significant but clinically non-relevant increase in total cholesterol was observed (WMD: 3.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: ?0.01–6.27, p = 0.05). When the analysis was confined to the subgroups of studies with quercetin doses ≥500 mg/day and follow-up of ≥ 4 weeks, a significant increase in total cholesterol (WMD: 3.57 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.21–6.92, p = 0.04) and a decline in triglycerides (WMD: ?24.54 mg/dL, 95% CI: ?33.09 to ?15.99, p < 0.00001) was observed, but LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Changes in plasma triglycerides, but not other indices of lipid profile, were significantly associated with quercetin dose (slope: ?0.057; 95% CI: ?0.103 to ?0.010; p = 0.02) and duration of supplementation (slope: ?5.314; 95% CI: ?9.482 to ?1.147; p = 0.01).

Conclusion: Available evidence from RCTs does not suggest any clinically relevant effect of quercetin supplementation on plasma lipids, apart from a significant reduction of triglycerides at doses above 50 mg/day.