基于小波分析的异步电动机转子断条故障诊断研究

针对常用的电动机稳态傅里叶分析方法存在不能分析局部时域信号的局部频谱特性的缺点,提出了一种改进的小波包分析方法,并将其运用到异步电动机转子断条故障诊断实验中。通过对电动机故障信号进行小波包分解与重构,可以有效地检测出故障信号的频率,从而确定故障的类型和可能发生故障的部位。实验结果证明了该分析方法的有效性。     

异步电机转子故障诊断算法研究

针对异步电机定子电流信号频谱分析法对转子故障诊断时,转子断条和偏心故障特征分量容易受到基波分量的影响,难以准确诊断故障的情况,对传统的瞬时功率信号频谱分析法进行改进.利用Hilbert变换对定子电压、电流进行数学变换,在此基础上得到改进的瞬时功率,然后对改进后的瞬时功率信号进行频谱分析.通过搭建异步电机故障检测实验平台进行了初步模拟实验,实验结果表明,该方法不仅消除了基波分量对故障特征分量的影响,而且还使频谱曲线更加清晰、简洁,突显了故障特征信息,弱化了非故障特征分量,为提高异步电机转子断条和偏心故障诊断的准确性奠定了基础.     

基于小波包变换的电力谐波检测研究

提出了一种基于小波包变换的电力谐波检测方法。该方法采用小波包变换对电流信号进行分解,即将该电流信号分解成低频部分与高频部分,然后分别对低频部分及高频部分进行小波包分解,重构后得到该电流信号的基波分量,从原始电流信号中减去基波分量,从而得到该电流信号的谐波分量。仿真结果表明,该方法能够很好地检测出电流信号中的谐波分量,并且能对指定频率的谐波进行检测。     

基于小波和神经网络的异步电机转子故障诊断方法研究

基于小波包变换的频率划分特性．对定子电流的Park矢量模信号进行小波包分解，建立了转子断条的故障特征矢量，准确地提取了转子断条故障的特征信息．克服了传统基于FFT分析方法难以提取故障特征频率分量的难点，结合BP神经网络非线性映射及分类识别的优点，将BP神经网络应用于电机转子断务故障的识别，实验结果表明，该方法可实现转子断条故障的可靠诊断。     

Principal Component Analysis of the start-up transient and Hidden Markov Modeling for broken rotor bar fault diagnosis in asynchronous machines

This article presents a novel computational method for the diagnosis of broken rotor bars in three phase asynchronous machines. The proposed method is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and is applied to the stator’s three phase start-up current. The fault detection is easier in the start-up transient because of the increased current in the rotor circuit, which amplifies the effects of the fault in the stator’s current independently of the motor’s load. In the proposed fault detection methodology, PCA is initially utilized to extract a characteristic component, which reflects the rotor asymmetry caused by the broken bars. This component can be subsequently processed using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Two schemes, a multiclass and a one-class approach are proposed. The efficiency of the novel proposed schemes is evaluated by multiple experimental test cases. The results obtained indicate that the suggested approaches based on the combination of PCA and HMMs, can be successfully utilized not only for identifying the presence of a broken bar but also for estimating the severity (number of broken bars) of the fault.     

Temporary short circuit detection in induction motor winding using combination of wavelet transform and neural network

Monitoring system for induction motor is widely developed to detect the incipient fault. Such system is desirable to detect the fault at the running condition to avoid the motor stop running suddenly. In this paper, a new method for detection system is proposed that emphasizes the fault occurrences as temporary short circuit in induction motor winding. The investigation of fault detection is focused on the transient phenomena during starting and ending points of temporary short circuit. The proposed system utilizes the wavelet transform for processing the motor current signal. Energy level of high frequency signal from wavelet transform is used as the input variable of neural network which works as detection system. Three types of neural networks are developed and evaluated including feed forward neural network (FFNN), Elman neural network (ELMNN) and radial basis functions neural network (RBFNN). The results show that ELMNN is the most simply and accurate system that can recognize all of unseen data test. Laboratory based experimental setup is performed to provide real-time measurement data for this research.     

基于物联网的分布式电动机故障诊断与保护系统研究

针对传统的电动机保护装置无法实现早期故障诊断、不具备联网功能的问题,提出了一种基于物联网和支持向量机算法的分布式电动机故障诊断与保护系统的设计方案。该系统的下位机利用对称分量法将采集到的电动机定子电流进行分解,根据电流分量值判断故障类型来实现电动机的现场保护,并将定子电流数据通过ZigBee技术发送至嵌入式网关,通过GPRS网络实时上传给上位机;上位机通过小波包分解提取故障特征向量,采用支持向量机对电动机故障进行分类,实现故障早期诊断和预测。实际运行结果表明,该系统能准确诊断电动机故障并实施有效的综合保护。     

Automatic detection and classification of rotor cage faults in squirrel cage induction motor

The detection of broken rotor bars and broken end-ring in three-phase squirrel cage induction motors by means of improved decision structure. The structure consists of current signal analysis (CSA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and diagnosis algorithm. Effects of broken bars and end-ring on current signal and feature extraction are in the CSA. The rotor cage faults are classified by using ANN. And result matrixes of ANN are considered two different ways for diagnosis. Then the diagnoses are compared with each other. In this study six different rotor faults, which are one, two, three broken bars, bar with high resistance, broken end-ring and healthy rotor, are investigated. The effects of different rotor faults on current spectrum, in comparison with other fault conditions, are investigated by analyzing side-bands in current spectrum. To reduce bad effects of changing of distance between the side-band and main component on the detection and classification of the faults, the spectrum is achieved with low definition. Thus, the improved decision structure diagnoses faulted rotors with 100% accuracy and classified rotor faults 98.33% accuracy.     

基于小波-神经网络的汽轮机转子故障诊断

结合小波变换和神经网络技术,本文首先利用小波包对故障信号进行分解,然后将归一化后的数据用于RBF神经网络进行汽轮机转子故障分类.MATLAB实验仿真表明小波分析和RBF神经网络的结合在汽轮机转子常见故障的诊断中是很有效的.     

An application to transient current signal based induction motor fault diagnosis of Fourier–Bessel expansion and simplified fuzzy ARTMAP

The start-up transient signals have been widely used for fault diagnosis of induction motor because they can reveal early defects in the development process, which are not easily detected with the signals in the steady state operation. However, transient signals are non-linear and contain multi components which need a suitable technique to process and identify the fault pattern. In this paper, the fault diagnosis problem of induction motor is conducted by a data driven framework where the Fourier–Bessel (FB) expansion is used as a tool to decompose transient current signal into series of single components. For each component, the statistical features in the time and the frequency domains are extracted to represent the characteristics of motor condition. The high dimensionality of the feature set is solved by generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) implementation to decrease the computational complexity of classification. In the meantime, with the aid of GDA, the separation of the feature clusters is increased, which enables the more classification accuracy to be achieved. Finally, the reduced dimensional features are used for classifier to perform the fault diagnosis results. The classifier used in this framework is the simplified fuzzy ARTMAP (SFAM) which belongs to a special class of neural networks (NNs) and provides a lower training time in comparison to other traditional NNs. The proposed framework is validated with transient current signals from an induction motor under different conditions including bowed rotor, broken rotor bar, eccentricity, faulty bearing, mass unbalance and phase unbalance. Additionally, this paper provides the comparative performance of (i) SFAM and support vector machine (SVM), (ii) SVM in the framework and SVM combined with wavelet transform in previous studies, (iii) the use of FB decomposition and Hilbert transform decomposition. The results show that the proposed diagnosis framework is capable of significantly improving the classification accuracy.     

基于幅值恢复算法的谐波分析实验

本文的研究目的就是针对三相异步电机的运行状态的监测以期对电机早期故障能够及时发现,减小故障严重后造成的巨大损失。本文采用分析定子电流的方式对运行中的电机进行现场监测,为解决故障频率与电网频率接近,且电机轻微故障时,定子电流中故障特征分量幅值过小的问题,使用一种新的谐波分析方法——幅值恢复算法,将该算法结合Fourier频谱分析,可对电机轻微故障和微弱的谐波成分做出有效的分析。     

Offline and online fault detection and diagnosis of induction motors using a hybrid soft computing model

In this paper, a hybrid soft computing model comprising the Fuzzy Min-Max (FMM) neural network and the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) for motor fault detection and diagnosis is described. Specifically, the hybrid model, known as FMM-CART, is used to detect and classify fault conditions of induction motors in both offline and online environments. A series of experiments is conducted, whereby the Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) method is applied to form a database containing stator current signatures under different motor conditions. The signal harmonics from the power spectral density (PSD) are extracted, and used as the discriminative input features for fault classification with FMM-CART. Three main induction motor conditions, viz. broken rotor bars, stator winding faults, and unbalanced supply, are used to evaluate the effectiveness of FMM-CART. The results indicate that FMM-CART is able to detect motor faults in the early stage, in order to avoid further damage to the induction motor as well as the overall machine or system that uses the motor in its operations.     

Support vector machine for fault diagnosis of the broken rotor bars of squirrel-cage induction motor

The paper presents an automatic computerized system for the diagnosis of the rotor bars of the induction electrical motor by applying the support vector machine. Two solutions of diagnostic system have been elaborated. The first one, called fault detection, discovers only the case of the fault occurrence. The second one (complex diagnosis) is able to find which bars have been damaged. The most important problem is concerned with the generation and selection of the diagnostic features, on the basis of which the recognition of the state of the rotor bars is done. In our approach, we use the spectral information of the motor current, voltage and shaft field of one phase registered in an instantaneous form. The selected features form the input vector applied to the support vector machine, used as the classifier. The results of the numerical experiments are presented and discussed in the paper.     

Condition monitoring of speed controlled induction motors using wavelet packets and discriminant analysis

This work presents an intelligent method for the condition monitoring of induction motors supplied with adjustable speed drives (ASD). Most of the previous work in this area concentrated on the fault detection and classification of induction motors supplied directly from an a.c. line. However, ASD driven induction motors are widely used in industrial processes and therefore obtaining an intelligent tool for the condition monitoring of these motors is necessary in terms of preventive maintenance and reducing down time due to motor faults. Here 3-phase supply side current of the ASD driving an induction motor is used to extract statistical features of wavelet packet decomposition coefficients within a frequency range of interest. This way, the information regarding the output frequency of the ASD and hence the motor speed is not required. Six identical three-phase induction motors were used for the experimental verification of the proposed method. One healthy machine was used as a reference, while other five with various synthetic faults were used for condition detection and classification. Extracted features obtained from decomposition coefficients of different wavelet filter types for all motors were employed in three different and popular classifiers. The proposed method and the performance of the features used for fault detection and classification are examined at various motor loads and speed levels, and it is shown that a successful condition monitoring system for induction motors supplied with ASDs is developed. The effect of selected filter type in wavelet decomposition to the condition monitoring process is analyzed and presented.     

Decision-level fusion based on wavelet decomposition for induction motor fault diagnosis using transient current signal

In this paper, we propose and implement a decision-level fusion model by combining the information of multi-level wavelet decomposition for fault diagnosis of induction motor using transient stator current signal. Firstly, the start-up transient current signals are collected from different faulty motors. Then signal preprocessing is conducted containing smoothing and subtracting to reduce the influence of line frequency in transient current signals. Next, we employ discrete wavelet transform technique to decompose the preprocessed signals into different frequency ranges of products, and then features are extracted from decomposed detail components. Finally, two decision-level fusion strategies, Bayesian belief fusion and multi-agent fusion, are employed. That is, fault features are classified using several classifiers and generated decisions are fused using a specific fusion algorithm. The proposed approach is evaluated by an experiment of fault diagnosis for induction motors. Experiment results show that excellent diagnosis performance can be obtained.     

多尺度PCA在传感器故障诊断中的应用研究

A multiscale principal component analysis method is proposed for sensor fault detection and identification. After decomposition of sensor signal by wavelet transform, the coarse-scale coef-ficients from the sensors with strong correlation are employed to establish the principal component analysis model. A moving window is designed to monitor data from each sensor using the model.For the purpose of sensor fault detection and identification, the data in the window is decomposed with wavelet transform to acquire the coarse-scale coefficients firstly, and the square prediction error is used to detect the failure. Then the sensor validity index is introduced to identify faulty sensor,which provides a quantitative identifying index rather than qualitative contrast given by the approach with contribution. Finally, the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by sensors of industrial boiler.     

航空发动机故障诊断系统设计与实现

利用LabVIEW和C语言、MATLAB混合编程,设计并实现了航空发动机故障诊断系统。利用C语言设计了数据采集仪的DLL驱动程序,LabVIEW调用DLL实现了数据采集;针对航空发动机振动信号的特点,设计了信号处理与故障特征提取模块;利用MATLAB编译了多算法优化的支持向量机COM组件,LabVIEW调用该组件实现了故障诊断;利用数据库连接工具包设计了数据库管理模块。在航空发动机转子实验台上对该系统性能的测试结果表明,该系统达到了较高的故障诊断精度,同时也验证了文中设计思想的可行性。     

Fault diagnostic of induction motors for equipment reliability and health maintenance based upon Fourier and wavelet analysis

The motor is the workhorse of industry. The issues of preventive and condition-based maintenance, on-line monitoring, system fault detection, diagnosis, and prognosis are of increasing importance. This paper introduces fault detection for induction motors. Stator currents are measured by current meters and stored by time domain. The time domain is not suitable for representing current signals, so the frequency domain is applied to display signals. The Fourier transform is employed to convert signals. After signal conversion, signal features must be extracted by signal processing such as wavelet and spectrum analysis. Features are entered in a pattern classification model such as a neural network model, a polynomial neural network, or a fuzzy inference model. This paper describes fault detection results that use Fourier and wavelet analysis. This combined approach is very useful and powerful for detection signal features.This work was presented in part at the 9th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 28–30, 2004This work has been supported by “Research Center for Future Logistics Information Technology” hosted by the Ministry of Education in Korea.     

基于HHT变换的起动电动机特征信号时频分析

针对车辆起动电动机电气和机械故障发生时特征信号的时变不平稳特性,进行了时频域分析处理,提出了利用现代信号处理方法对故障信号提取特征向量的方法,主要对起动电动机的电枢和轴承故障进行诊断。在构建电机故障测试实验平台的基础上,利用破坏性实验构造了故障类型,测取了电枢电流和振动信号,分别采用小波分析理论和HHT变换对信号进行分析,通过分解再重构的方式将信号分解成了频率由高到低的不同分量,并获得了故障的特征频率,提取了特征向量。实验结果表明,基于HHT变换的现代信号处理方法在处理时变非平稳信号方面比小波分析理论更具有自适应性,更易识别。     

基于Tsallis小波熵的变压器励磁涌流识别方法

针对变压器励磁涌流和内部故障电流识别的热点问题,为了有效克服香农熵在对信号的小波分解系数进行特征提取时具有局限性的缺陷,达到提高识别的有效性和快速性的目的。提出了基于Tsallis小波能量熵和时间熵判据的变压器励磁涌流和内部故障电流的识别新方法。该方法将小波分析与Tsallis熵结合对变压器暂态信号进行分析,在小波能量谱的基础上,得到Tsallis小波能量熵判据,并根据时间熵的定义得到Tsallis小波时间熵判据,综合利用两种判据对暂态信号进行识别。该方法不仅可以成功识别励磁涌流,并且提高了识别的准确性、可靠性和灵敏性。MATLAB/Simulink仿真实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性和准确性。