基于隶属度光滑约束的模糊C均值聚类算法

传统的FCM聚类算法未利用图像的空间信息,在分割叠加了噪声的MR图像时分割效果不理想。本文考虑到脑部MR图像真实的灰度值具有分片为常数的特性,按照合理利用图像空间信息的原则,对传统的FCM聚类算法进行了改进,增加了使隶属度趋向于分片光滑的约束项,得到了新的聚类算法。通过对模拟脑部MR图像和临床脑部MR图像的分割实验结果表明,本文提出的新算法比传统的FCM算法等多种图像分割算法有更精确的图像分割能力,并且运算简单、运算速度快、稳健性好。     

基于MS-FCM算法的MR图像分割方法

针对传统模糊C-均值(FCM)聚类算法在分割低信噪比图像时准确性较差的问题,提出一种用于MR图像分割的改进算法MS-FCM。针对脑部MR图像相邻像素属于同一分类的模糊隶属度相近的特性,在迭代过程中对隶属度数据集进行滤波,以降低噪声对聚类精度的影响。模拟脑部MR图像和临床脑部MR图像的分割实验证明,该算法可以提高图像分割精度。     

An automated hybrid approach using clustering and nature inspired optimization technique for improved tumor and tissue segmentation in magnetic resonance brain images

In the domain of human brain image analysis, identification of tumor region and segmentation of tissue structures tend to be a challenging task. Automated segmentation of Magnetic Resonance (MR) brain images would be of great assistance to radiologist, as they minimize the complication evolved due to human interface and offer quicker segmentation results. Automated algorithms offer minimal time duration and lesser manual intervention to a radiologist during clinical diagnosis. Moreover, larger volumes of patient data could be assessed with the aid of an automated algorithm and one such algorithm is proposed through this research to identify the tumor region bounded between normal tissue regions and edema portions. The proposed algorithm offers a better support to a radiologist in the process of diagnosing the pathologies, since; it utilizes both optimization and clustering techniques. Bacteria Foraging Optimization (BFO) and Modified Fuzzy K − Means algorithm (MFKM) are the optimization and clustering techniques used to render efficient MR brain image analysis. The proposed combinational algorithm is compared with Particle Swarm Optimization based Fuzzy C − Means algorithm (PSO based FCM), Modified Fuzzy K − Means (MFKM) and conventional FCM algorithm. The suggested methodology is evaluated using the comparison parameters such as sensitivity, Specificity, Jaccard Tanimoto Co − efficient Index (TC) and Dice Overlap Index (DOI), computational time and memory requirement. The algorithm proposed through this paper has produced appreciable values of sensitivity and specificity, which are 97.14% and 93.94%, respectively. Finally, it is found that the proposed BFO based MFKM algorithm offers better MR brain image segmentation and provides extensive support to radiologists.     

基于Type-2模糊聚类的图像分割算法

模糊C均值算法是图像分割的常用方法,但该算法对噪声非常敏感。为此,提出一种新算法,在模糊C均值算法基础上引进Type-2模糊理论,以提高算法的分割准确性和鲁棒性。该算法对模糊C均值算法中每一个样本的隶属度进行分段线性拉伸,利用拉伸的结果作为一个新的隶属度函数,并用该函数对图像进行分割。实验结果表明,该算法准确性较高,且具有良好的抗噪能力。     

基于模糊Gibbs随机场聚类二维直方图的核磁共振图像分割

针对人脑组织结构的不确定性和模糊性,提出模糊Gibbs随机场聚类与二维直方图相结合的分割方法。该方法首先利用均值、方差及邻域属性对隶属度函数进行定义,并建立模糊Gibbs随机场;然后以模糊Gibbs随机场作为先验知识、最大后验概率为判别准则来确定每一个像素的类归属以及它属于该类的隶属度,同时用模糊类的质心来更新类中心;最后将类中心引入二维直方图方法中,找到每个类之间的各个阈值点对图像进行分割。通过实验表明该算法能够准确分割出各种脑组织,对噪声的鲁棒性、结果的准确性及平滑性相对于模糊C均值(FCM)算法都有了很大的提高。     

基于FCM和LBF模型的医学图像自动分割

基于局部区域二相拟合(LBF)模型的医学图像分割方法,对初始轮廓敏感并仅能分割单类目标,若手动选取的初始轮廓不合适,将导致算法耗时过大甚至分割失败。针对上述不足,提出联合模糊C均值(FCM)聚类的LBF模型自动分割算法。对待分割图像进行FCM聚类,将得到的目标类隶属度值变换为适用于LBF模型的水平集函数初始值,利用LBF模型从该初始值开始演化直至收敛,从而完成分割。合成图像及血管和脑部图像的分割实验结果表明,该算法能够自动获取合适的初始值,有效解决LBF模型对初始轮廓敏感的问题,减少迭代次数,而且通过选择不同的FCM聚类结果,可以实现对多类目标的分割。     

A new segmentation system for brain MR images based on fuzzy techniques

This work concerns a new method called fuzzy membership C-means (FMCMs) for segmentation of magnetic resonance images (MRI), and an efficient program implementation of it to the segmentation of MRI. Classical unsupervised clustering methods including the FCM by Bezdek, suffer many problems that can be partially treated with a proper rule to construct the initial membership matrix to clusters. This work develops a specific method to construct the initial membership matrix to clusters in order to improve the strength of the clusters. The new FMCM is tested on a set of benchmarks and then the application to the segmentation of MR images is presented and compared with the results obtained using FCM.     

基于模糊C均值聚类的多分量彩色图像分割算法

以模糊C均值(FCM)聚类理论为基础,选用符合人眼视觉特性的HSI颜色空间,提出了一种新的多分量彩色图像分割算法。该算法首先结合数据分布特点确定出H分量与I分量的初始聚类中心;然后利用FCM聚类技术对H分量、I分量进行分类处理,以得到不同分量的像素点隶属度;最后,将所得到的不同分量像素点隶属度组织成2维特征,并以此进行模糊聚类图像分割。实验结果表明,该算法可有效提高图像分割效果,其分割结果优于传统FCM聚类图像分割方案。     

基于直方图相关性约束的快速多阈值FCM图像分割算法

针对传统的模糊C均值(FCM)聚类算法在样本数和特征数较多时,运算较为复杂以及耗时较多的问题,本文提出了一种采用直方图的相关性作为约束采样率的快速多阈值FCM分割方法,控制图像失真,使得需要运算的数据量减少,以获得较快的分割速度.由于借助了基于模糊集的图像分割技术--模糊C均值算法实现多阈值图像分割,考虑到了每个像素对...     

基于混沌粒子群和模糊聚类的图像分割算法*

模糊C-均值聚类算法(FCM)是一种结合模糊集合概念和无监督聚类的图像分割技术,适合灰度图像中存在着模糊和不确定的特点;但该算法受初始聚类中心和隶属度矩阵的影响,易陷入局部极小.利用混沌非线性动力学具有遍历性、随机性等特点,结合粒子群的寻优特性,提出了一种基于混沌粒子群模糊C-均值聚类(CPSO-FCM)的图像分割算法.实验证明,该方法不仅具有防止粒子因停顿而收敛到局部极值的能力,而且具有更快的收敛速度和更高的分割精度.     

基于粗糙集相容关系的图像聚类分割

通过基于粗糙集相容关系的划分,介绍了一种新的图像聚类分割方法,首先,以不同聚类数情况下FCM的分割结果为依据构建信息表,在合并重复行后,图像被分成多个对象区域,然后,通过值约简获得各属性权值并以此为依据,计算各对象之间的差异度,进而通过差异度定义 相容关系,最后由 相容关系对对象论域进行划分,完成图像分割。该方法在人工生成图像和大脑MRI图像的分割中得到验证,实验结果表明,本文方法比FCM方法具有更好的分割准确性,对模糊边界区域的分割效果较好。     

Brain tissue segmentation based on spatial information fusion by Dempster-Shafer theory

As a result of noise and intensity non-uniformity,automatic segmentation of brain tissue in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a challenging task.In this study a novel brain MRI segmentation approach is presented which employs Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) to perform information fusion.In the proposed method,fuzzy c-mean (FCM) is applied to separate features and then the outputs of FCM are interpreted as basic belief structures.The salient aspect of this paper is the interpretation of each FCM output as a belief structure with particular focal elements.The results of the proposed method are evaluated using Dice similarity and Accuracy indices.Qualitative and quantitative comparisons show that our method performs better and is more robust than the existing method.     

基于粒子群模糊C-均值聚类的图像分割算法

模糊C-均值（FCM）聚类算法是一种结合无监督聚类和模糊集合概念的图像分割技术,比较有效,但存在着受初始聚类中心和隶属度矩阵影响,可能收敛到局部极小的缺点。将粒子群优化算法（PSO）与模糊C-均值聚类算法相结合,实现了基于粒子群模糊C-均值聚类的图像分割算法。实验表明,该方法具有搜索全局最优解的能力,因而可得到很好的图像分割结果。     

Improved spatial fuzzy c-means clustering for image segmentation using PSO initialization,Mahalanobis distance and post-segmentation correction

In this paper, we propose an improvement method for image segmentation using the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (FCM). This algorithm is widely experimented in the field of image segmentation with very successful results. In this work, we suggest further improving these results by acting at three different levels. The first is related to the fuzzy c-means algorithm itself by improving the initialization step using a metaheuristic optimization. The second level is concerned with the integration of the spatial gray-level information of the image in the clustering segmentation process and the use of Mahalanobis distance to reduce the influence of the geometrical shape of the different classes. The final level corresponds to refining the segmentation results by correcting the errors of clustering by reallocating the potentially misclassified pixels. The proposed method, named improved spatial fuzzy c-means IFCMS, was evaluated on several test images including both synthetic images and simulated brain MRI images from the McConnell Brain Imaging Center (BrainWeb) database. This method is compared to the most used FCM-based algorithms of the literature. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the ideas presented.     

结合[k]-means的自动FCM图像分割方法

针对图像分割中模糊C均值算法（FCM）无法自动确定聚类中心,不考虑像素邻域信息的问题,提出一种结合[k]-means的自动FCM图像分割方法。该方法先由图像的灰度直方图确定聚类数目,使用一种改进的快速FCM方法产生初始聚类中心。即通过一步[k]-means算法对大隶属度灰度更新模糊聚类中心,同时仅对小隶属度灰度使用快速FCM?方法进行隶属度更新,迭代后得到初始聚类中心。利用改进隶属度的FCM算法进行最终聚类。实验表明,该方法获取初始聚类中心接近最终值,加速图像分割,并对噪声具有一定的鲁棒性。     

基于邻域信息的改进模糊c均值脑MRI分割

在脑图像分割中,噪声或异常值的干扰往往会使得图像的质量下降。而传统的模糊c均值算法存在一定的缺限,容易受初始值的影响,这给医生准确识别和提取脑组织带来很大的麻烦。针对这些问题,提出一种基于用马尔可夫模型构建的图像像素点邻域的改进模糊c均值图像分割方法。首先,用遗传算法（GA）确定初始的聚类中心;然后,改变目标函数的表达方式,通过在目标函数中添加修正项来改变隶属度矩阵的计算方式,并用约束系数对其来调节;最后,由马尔可夫随机域来表达邻域像素的标号信息,并利用马尔可夫随机场（MRF）的最大化条件概率来表示像素的邻域,增强了抗噪性。实验结果显示,该方法拥有较好的抗噪性,可以降低误分割率,在对脑图像分割时具备较高的分割精度。分割后的图像平均精度可达：JS（Jaccard Similarity）指标为82.76%,Dice指标为90.45%,Sensitivity指标为90.19%;同时,对脑图像边界处的分割更加清晰,分割后的图像更加接近于标准分割图像。     

基于图谱理论的FCM图像分割方法研究

利用图谱理论的思想对传统模糊C-均值(FCM)图像分割方法进行改进--将图谱理论中的权值计算方法引入到FCM方法的距离计算中,较之原来的Euclid距离不仅考虑了各样本空间上的距离,同时考虑了各样本之间的灰度差异,获得更适用于图像分割的模糊隶属度函数,从而得到改进的FCM图像分割方法。通过与传统FCM图像分割方法、基于图谱理论的图像分割方法的实验结果、错分概率及评价指标的对比分析,证明所提出的改进FCM方法能够很好地解决图像分割问题。     

基于小波包和改进的FCM的医学图像分割

提出应用最优小波包变换对磁共振颅脑图像做分解,以各子带小波包系数的能量形成纹理特征集;并运用基于核函数的模糊C均值聚类算法（Kernel-Based Fuzzy C-means Algorithm,KFCM）对所提取到的特征集进行聚类分析,从而实现了对磁共振颅脑图像的有效分割。实验证明应用KFCM算法做分割的收敛速度和抗噪性明显优于FCM算法。     

A two-stage fuzzy multi-objective framework for segmentation of 3D MRI brain image data

Segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain image data has a significant impact on the computer guided medical image diagnosis and analysis. However, due to limitation of image acquisition devices and other related factors, MRI images are severely affected by the noise and inhomogeneity artefacts which lead to blurry edges in the intersection of the intra-organ soft tissue regions, making the segmentation process more difficult and challenging. This paper presents a novel two-stage fuzzy multi-objective framework (2sFMoF) for segmenting 3D MRI brain image data. In the first stage, a 3D spatial fuzzy c-means (3DSpFCM) algorithm is introduced by incorporating the 3D spatial neighbourhood information of the volume data to define a new local membership function along with the global membership function for each voxel. In particular, the membership functions actually define the underlying relationship between the voxels of a close cubic neighbourhood and image data in 3D image space. The cluster prototypes thus obtained are fed into a 3D modified fuzzy c-means (3DMFCM) algorithm, which further incorporates local voxel information to generate the final prototypes. The proposed framework addresses the shortcomings of the traditional FCM algorithm, which is highly sensitive to noise and may stuck into a local minima. The method is validated on a synthetic image volume and several simulated and in-vivo 3D MRI brain image volumes and found to be effective even in noisy data. The empirical results show the supremacy of the proposed method over the other FCM based algorithms and other related methods devised in the recent past.     

A Modified Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for Brain MR Image Segmentation and Bias Field Correction

In quantitative brain image analysis, accurate brain tissue segmentation from brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) is a critical step. It is considered to be the most important and difficult issue in the field of medical image processing. The quality of MR images is influenced by partial volume effect, noise, and intensity inhomogeneity, which render the segmentation task extremely challenging. We present a novel fuzzy c-means algorithm (RCLFCM) for segmentation and bias field correction of brain MR images. We employ a new gray-difference coefficient and design a new impact factor to measure the effect of neighbor pixels, so that the robustness of anti-noise can be enhanced. Moreover, we redefine the objective function of FCM (fuzzy c-means) by adding the bias field estimation model to overcome the intensity inhomogeneity in the image and segment the brain MR images simultaneously. We also construct a new spatial function by combining pixel gray value dissimilarity with its membership, and make full use of the space information between pixels to update the membership. Compared with other state-of-the-art approaches by using similarity accuracy on synthetic MR images with different levels of noise and intensity inhomogeneity, the proposed algorithm generates the results with high accuracy and robustness to noise.