OMMT对PA6/ABS共混体系结晶行为及热力学性能的影响

采用有机蒙脱土(OMMT)、聚酰胺6(PA6)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS),通过熔融共混的方法制备了PA6/ABS/OMMT共混物。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)及动态热力学分析仪(DMA)研究了OMMT在PA6/ABS(70/30)合金体系中的分布和分散状况,以及PA6/ABS/OMMT共混体系的结晶行为和热力学性能。结果表明:OMMT片层主要分散于PA6相中,PA6与ABS的两相界面处亦存在少量OMMT片层。OMMT的加入降低了PA6/ABS共混体系的结晶温度,使PA6的结晶结构发生改变,说明OMMT具有一定的增容作用。引入OMMT后,PA6/ABS共混体系的储能模量有所提升,玻璃化转变温度则变化较小。     

PA6/ABS共混物性能研究

将聚酰胺6（PA6）与市售的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）树脂共混,制备PA6/ABS共混物。研究了ABS树脂的用量对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响;采用苯乙烯及丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）和ABS粉料熔融共混制得不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物。研究了不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响。在PA6/ABS/SAN共混物中引入苯乙烯-丙烯腈-马来酸酐共聚（SAM）树脂取代部分SAN树脂,研究了SAM树脂的加入及引入顺序的不同对共混物性能的影响。结果表明, ABS树脂的用量在50%～60%左右时共混物性能最佳。随ABS/SAN共混物胶含量提高,共混物的拉伸强度、弹性模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量逐渐降低。随SAM树脂替代SAN量增加,共混物的拉伸和弯曲性能先降低后增加。但共混物熔体流动速率降低明显,而SAM树脂的引入顺序对共混物的力学性能影响不大。     

相容剂种类对PA6/ABS合金性能的影响

采用苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-马来酸酐(SAMAH)和苯乙烯-丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸(SAMAA)三种共聚物增容尼龙6/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(PA6/ABS)共混物,利用双螺杆挤出机制备出PA6/ABS合金,对其结构及其性能进行了表征和探讨。结果表明,三种相容剂均可有效地增容PA6/ABS合金,改善ABS在PA6中的分散,大幅度提高了缺口冲击强度;通过差示扫描量热(DSC)分析发现PA6/ABS的结晶度降低,结晶速率变慢;同时通过流变实验发现PA6/ABS共混物为假塑性流体,三种相容剂均提高了其表观黏度。     

ABS高胶粉增韧PA6的结构与性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物（SMA）增容的PA6/ABS共混物,用透射电子显微镜对PA6/ABS共混物结构进行了表征,研究了增容剂含量对PA6/ABS共混体系结构、性能以及脆-韧转变温度的影响。结果表明,随着SMA含量的增加,PA6/ABS共混体系的橡胶相粒径先逐渐减小,后趋于平缓;橡胶颗粒的多分散系数逐渐增加;基体层厚度不断减小;PA6/ABS共混体系的拉伸强度逐渐增加;PA6/ABS共混体系的脆-韧转变温度先减小,后上升。     

PA6/ABS共混物非等温结晶行为的研究

采用差示扫描量热法研究了不同配比的聚酰胺6/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（PA6/ABS）共混物的非等温结晶过程,同时研究了冷却速率对PA6/ABS（80/20）共混物结晶行为的影响,对其数据分别采用Jeziorny法和Mo法进行处理。结果表明,共混物中ABS含量为由0提高到30 %时,Avrami指数n从4.55增大至7.04,结晶峰温由174.2 ℃提高到183.3 ℃;随着冷却速率的增大,PA6/ABS（80/20）共混物结晶度降低,结晶峰值温度降低,半结晶时间减小。     

原位聚合法制备EPM/ PA6共混物

采用在乙烯-丙烯共聚物（EPM）中原位聚合己内酰胺成聚酰胺6（PA6）的方法制备了EPM与PA6共混物。采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了马来酸酐功能化的EPM（EPM—g-MAH）对共混体系的增容作用。结果表明，加入少量的EPM-g-MAH就可对共混体系产生相对较大的增容作用。同时加入少量EPM—g-MAH增容的共混物的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率与未增容和加入较多量EPM—g-MAH增容的共混物相比较高。加入较多量EPM—g-MAH增容共混物的拉伸性能低于未增容共混物的。     

超支化聚（酰胺-酯）／ABS／聚氯乙烯共混体系相容性研究

研究了超支化聚(酰胺-酯)(HBP)对ABS/聚氯乙烯(ABS/PVC)共混体系的增容作用。讨论了HBP用量对ABS/PVC(80/20)和相同量HBP对不同比例ABS/PVC力学性能的影响。实验结果表明ABS/PVC共混物中加入HBP,可以有效改善共混体系的相容性;加入2份HBP时,ABS/PVC(80/20)共混物拉伸强度达到最大值,继续增加HBP,共混物拉伸强度快速下降,而共混物冲击强度单调下降;不同比例ABS/PVC中加入2份HBP共混物拉伸强度比未加入HBP共混物拉伸强度增加,但共混物冲击强度减小。扫描电子显微镜研究结果证明了HBP增强了ABS/PVC的界面黏结作用,减小了共混体系的相分离程度。     

相容剂对CF/PA6共混物结构与性能的影响

通过挤出共混法制备了CF/PA6/PP-g-MAH和CF/PA6/SMA复合材料。采用SEM、DSC、DMA及力学性能测试,研究了PP-g-MAH和SMA对CF/PA6(5/95)共混物的微观形态、结晶行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明:2种相容剂对CF/PA6共混物都有明显的增容作用,其中SMA的增容效果较好;共混物的拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲性能及储存模量显著提高,玻璃化转变温度向高温区移动;SMA和PP-g-MAH均能促进CF对PA6基体的异相成核作用。     

SMA增容PA1012/ABS共混物的研究

采用熔融共混方法制备一系列尼龙1012(PA1012)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)共混物,利用冲击试验仪、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段,探究增容剂SMA和ABS的添加量对PA1012/ABS共混物性能的影响。结果表明,当SMA含量为5%且ABS含量为50%时,PA1012/ABS/SMA共混物的缺口冲击强度最优,为669 J/m;随着SMA含量增加,结晶温度有先增大后减小趋势,并且与纯PA1012相比,PA1012/ABS/SMA共混物结晶温度升高了10℃,促进PA1012结晶;SMA加入后,ABS分散相粒子尺寸减小,PA1012和ABS间界面黏结作用增强,证实SMA对PA1012/ABS有明显增容作用。     

PA6/SMA/N-PMI共混物的制备及其性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了尼龙6/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物/N-苯基马来酰亚胺共混物(PA6/SMA/N-PMI),并利用DSC、TGA及力学性能测试等手段研究了SMA用量对PA6/SMA/N-PMI共混物熔融结晶行为、热学性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,共混物的最大分解温度较纯PA6有较大提高;SMA用量的增加,共混物的结晶温度、结晶度以及熔融焓均先降低再升高;当SMA用量为5份时,共混物的弯曲强度、弯曲模量以及热变形温度均达到最大值,分别为113.8、3 053 MPa及61.3℃,较纯PA6分别提高了25.1%、28.0%及19.0%;拉伸强度在SMA用量为7.5份时达到最大值81.4 MPa,较纯PA6提高了17.1%。     

Mechanical,thermal, and morphological behavior of the polyamide 6/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends irradiated with gamma rays

Polymeric materials with improved properties can be obtained through polymer blends. As a polymer mixture is generally immiscible and incompatible, it is necessary to use compatibilizers to improve the interfacial adhesion. Polyamide 6 (PA‐6) is an attractive polymer to engineering applications; however, it reveals processing instability and relatively low‐notched impact strength. This behavior can be modified by blending with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) copolymer. In this study, blends of PA‐6 with ABS were prepared using gamma irradiation, and the effects of ABS and ionizing radiation on the properties of PA‐6/ABS blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The data showed that the presence of ABS (30 wt%) in the blend decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break with respect to pure PA‐6. The decrease in the mechanical property was observed at doses 30 and 50 kGy. ABS showed strong effect on the crystallization of PA‐6 in the PA‐6/ABS binary blends. All irradiated blends are thermally more stable than those non‐irradiated. Chemical changes can be clearly seen in FTIR spectra through two bands assigned for N? H and OH? groups. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

HDPE-g-MAH对PA6/UHMWPE共混合金力学性能及结晶行为的影响

采用HDPE-g-MAH作为相容剂来增容PA6/UHMWPE共混合金。结果表明:在熔融共混过程中HDPE-g-MAH和PA6发生化学反应,生成的接枝聚合物对PA6/UHMWPE产生增容作用。加入HDPE-g-MAH共混体系的界面形态和力学性能均有较大的改善,吸水率也有所下降。通过Mo-lau实验I、R、SEM观察来研究其在熔融共混过程对PA6/UHMWPE的反应增容作用。采用DSC实验对PA6/UHMWPE共混合金进行了结晶性能测试,随着HDPE-g-MAH用量的增加,UHMWPE结晶度增加,而PA6的结晶度降低。     

HDPE-g-GMA对PA6/UHMWPE共混物性能的影响

采用自制甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-GMA)作为增容剂来增容尼龙6/超高分子量聚乙烯(PA6/UHMWPE)共混物。通过Molau试验、红外光谱分析、扫描电子显微镜观察和物理力学性能测试,研究了HDPE-g-GMA在熔融共混过程中对PA6/UHMWPE共混物的增容作用。结果表明,HDPE-g-GMA与PA6发生化学反应所生成的接枝聚合物对PA6/UHMWPE共混物有较好的增容作用;PA6/UHMWPE共混物的界面形态和力学性能均有较大改善．吸水率也有所降低。     

原位增容PA6/PE-HD共混物的性能研究

在双螺杆挤出机上通过原位增容反应挤出制备了聚酰胺6(PA6)/高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)共混物。通过力学性能测试、扫描电子显微镜观察和Molau实验,研究了PE-HD含量对PA6/PE-HD共混物的力学性能和体系增容作用的影响。结果表明,PE-HD与马来酸酐(MAH)在挤出共混过程中原位生成了PE-HD-g-MAH,其对PA6/PE-HD共混物有较好的增容作用;PA6/PE-HD共混物的力学性能与界面形态均有较大改善,吸水率有所降低。     

Ternary polymer blends of polyamide 6, polypropylene,and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene: Influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on phase morphology,electrical conductivity,and crystallization

Ternary polymer blends of 80/10/10 (wt/wt/wt) polyamide6 (PA6)/polypropylene (PP)/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS), PP/PA6/ABS, and ABS/PP/PA6 were prepared in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by melt‐mixing technique to investigate the influence of MWCNTs on the phase morphology, electrical conductivity, and the crystallization behavior of the PP and PA6 phases in the respective blends. Morphological analysis showed the “core–shell”‐type morphology in 80/10/10 PA6/PP/ABS and 80/10/10 PP/PA6/ABS blends, which was found to be unaltered in the presence of MWCNTs. However, MWCNTs exhibited “compatibilization‐like” action, which was manifested in a reduction of average droplet size of the dispersed phase/s. In contrast, a separately dispersed morphology has been found in the case of 80/10/10 ABS/PP/PA6 blends in which both the phases (PP and PA6) were dispersed separately in the ABS matrix. The electrical percolation threshold for 80/10/10 PA6/PP/ABS and 80/10/10 PP/PA6/ABS ternary polymer blends was found between 3–4 and 2–3 wt% of MWCNTs, respectively, whereas 80/10/10 ABS/PP/PA6 blends showed electrically insulating behavior even at 5 wt% of MWCNTs. Nonisothermal crystallization studies could detect the presence of MWCNTs in the PA6 and the PP phases. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Melt processing,mechanical, and fatigue crack propagation properties of reactively compatibilized blends of polyamide 6 and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer

Within a IUPAC study, melt processing, mechanical, and fatigue crack growth properties of blends of polyamide 6 (PA 6) and poly(acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene) (ABS) were investigated. We focused on the influence of reactive compatibilization on blend properties using a styrene–acrylonitrile–maleic anhydride random terpolymer (SANMA). Two series of PA 6/ABS blends with 30 wt % PA 6 and 70 wt % PA 6, respectively, were prepared with varying amounts of SANMA. Our experiments revealed that the morphology of the matrix (PA 6 or ABS) strongly affects the blend properties. The viscosity of PA 6/ABS blends monotonically increases with SANMA concentration because of the formation of high‐molecular weight graft copolymers. The extrudate swell of the blends was much larger than that of neat PA 6 and ABS and decreased with increasing SANMA concentrations at a constant extrusion pressure. This observation can be explained by the effect of the capillary number. The fracture resistance of these blends, including specific work to break and impact strength, is lower than that of PA 6 or ABS alone, but increases with SANMA concentration. This effect is most strongly pronounced for blends with 70 wt % PA 6. Fatigue crack growth experiments showed that the addition of 1–2 wt % SANMA enhances the resistance against crack propagation for ABS‐based blends. The correlation between blend composition, morphology and processing/end‐use properties of reactively compatibilized PA 6/ABS blends is discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Polylactide toughening with epoxy‐functionalized grafted acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene particles

Glycidyl methacrylate functionalized acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS‐g‐GMA) particles were prepared and used to toughen polylactide (PLA). The characteristic absorption at 1728 cm^?1 of the Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto the polybutadiene phase of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS). Chemical reactions analysis indicated that compatibilization and crosslinking reactions took place simultaneously between the epoxy groups of ABS‐g‐GMA and the end carboxyl or hydroxyl groups of PLA and that the increase of GMA content improved the reaction degree. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that 1 wt % GMA was sufficient to satisfy the compatibilization and that ABS‐g‐GMA particles with 1 wt % GMA dispersed in PLA uniformly. A further increase of GMA content induced the agglomeration of ABS‐g‐GMA particles because of crosslinking reactions. Dynamic mechanical analysis testing showed that the miscibility between PLA and ABS improved with the introduction of GMA onto ABS particles because of compatibilization reactions. The storage modulus decreased for the PLA blends with increasing GMA content. The decrease in the storage modulus was due to the chemical reactions in the PLA/ABS‐g‐GMA blends, which improved the viscosity and decreased the crystallization of PLA. A notched impact strength of 540 J/m was achieved for the PLA/ABS‐g‐GMA blend with 1 wt % GMA, which was 27 times than the impact strength of pure PLA, and a further increase in the GMA content in the ABS‐g‐GMA particles was not beneficial to the toughness improvement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

SMAH对PA6/ABS合金的增容作用研究

研究了(苯乙烯/马来酸酐)共聚物(SMAH)对尼龙(PA)6/(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)合金的增容作用。运用红外光谱仪、毛细管流变仪和扫描电子显微镜等手段研究了SMAH增容的PA6/ABS合金的聚集态结构与性能。结果表明,PA6和ABS的简单共混体系的分散相容易聚集,断裂面呈岩石层状的脆性断裂形貌。而加入少量SMAH后的合金呈典型的"海-岛"结构,分散相分布均匀,断面呈现大量塑性变形的韧性断裂特征。     

Application of styrene‐acrylonitrile random copolymer–polyarylate block copolymer as reactive compatibilizer for polyamide and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene blends

Styrene‐acrylonitrile random copolymer (SAN) and polyarylate (PAr) block copolymer were applied as a reactive compatibilizer for polyamide‐6 (PA‐6)/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) copolymer blends. The SAN–PAr block copolymer was found to be effective for compatibilization of PA‐6/ABS blends. With the addition of 3.0–5.0 wt % SAN–PAr block copolymer, the ABS‐rich phase could be reduced to a smaller size than 1.0 μm in the 70/30 and 50/50 PA‐6/ABS blends, although it was several microns in the uncompatibilized blends. As a result, for the blends compatibilized with 3–5 wt % block copolymer the impact energy absorption reached the super toughness region in the 70/30 and 50/50 PA‐6/ABS compositions. The compatibilization mechanism of PA‐6/ABS by the SAN–PAr block copolymer was investigated by tetrahydrofuran extraction of the SAN–PAr block copolymer/PA‐6 blends and the model reactions between the block copolymer and low molecular weight compounds. The results of these experiments indicated that the SAN–PAr block copolymer reacted with the PA‐6 during the melt mixing process via an in situ transreaction between the ester units in the PAr chain and the terminal amine in the PA‐6. As a result, SAN–PAr/PA‐6 block copolymers were generated during the melt mixing process. The SAN–PAr block copolymer was supposed to compatibilize the PA‐6 and ABS blend by anchoring the PAr/PA‐6 and SAN chains to the PA‐6 and ABS phases, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2300–2313, 2002