尼龙612的等温结晶动力学

用差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了尼龙612的等温结晶动力学.实验结果表明,在所研究的等温结晶温度范围内(184℃、186℃、188℃、190℃、192℃),尼龙612达到最大结晶速率时的时间、半结晶期和动力学结晶速率常数分别为:O.12min、0.19 min、0.22 min、0.29 min、0.59 min;0.1...     

聚乙二醇的等温结晶动力学

用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)的等温结晶动力学。结果表明,在较高温度下处理PEG后,等温结晶过程中,Avrami指数n≈4,表明PEG以均相成核的三维球晶方式生长,同时计算得到结晶活化能为72.013 kJ/mol;而在较低温度处理PEG后,等温结晶过程中,Avrami指数n≈3,表明PEG以异相成核的三维球晶方式生长,结晶活化能为234.791 kJ/mol,比较高温处理后的结晶活化能高,说明PEG的结晶能力随热处理温度的降低而降低。     

纳米碳酸钙改性聚丙烯共聚物的非等温结晶动力学

用DSC手段考察了反应釜内原位共聚制备的含有成核剂及纳米碳酸钙的聚丙烯(PP)共聚物的非等温结晶行为。结果表明，成核剂使PP共聚物的结晶温度升高，结晶度降低，结晶速率略有提高。而纳米碳酸钙则大幅提高了PP共聚物的结晶温度和结晶速率，结晶度也增加了约10％。并采用Ozawa法和Caze法描述了非等温结晶动力学。     

超微细CaCO3的结晶动力学

用化学分析,ＳＥＭ分析方法研究了在Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２悬浮液中加入了Ｎａ５Ｐ３Ｏ１０后超微细ＣａＣＯ３结晶的成核和长大。结果表明,Ｎａ５Ｐ３Ｏ１０的存在促进ＣａＣＯ３的成核,晶核生长速率Ｇ＝０,随着过饱和度的低,ＣａＣＯ３晶遵循线规律生长,成核存在于整个碳化过程,没有出现晶粒的凝聚粗化,超微细ＣａＣＯ３的结晶动力学过程 Ｎ２模型。     

硅藻土成核改性聚甲醛的等温结晶动力学研究

用DSC法研究硅藻土成核改性聚甲醛的等温结晶行为。由Avrami方程和Hoffman理论处理的结果表明,成核剂硅藻土的加入,降低了半结晶时间t1/2和POM球晶径向生长的单位面积的界面活化能,结晶速率常数k值增大,使POM的结晶速率大大加快,PLM观察表明,球晶大大细化,有利于POM的精密成型。     

氧化锆对聚丙烯非等温结晶动力学的影响

以不同含量的氧化锆(ZrO2)作为成核剂对聚丙烯进行改性,通过差示扫描量热(DSC)方法研究改性聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学,对所得数据分别用修正Avrami方程、Jeziorny法进行处理。实验结果表明:氧化锆的加入使聚丙烯在较高的温度下就可以产生结晶现象,氧化锆具有明显的成核作用;氧化锆的加入并未改变聚丙烯的成核和生长机理,但降低了聚丙烯的结晶活化能。     

聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺(PA10T)的结晶动力学

用差示扫描量热仪详细研究了聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺(PA10T)的等温与非等温结晶动力学。用Avrami方程描述了PA10T等温结晶动力学,发现PA10T在选定的结晶条件下晶体的生长模式是二维生长,成核方式为均相成核,并求出Avrami指数为2,结晶活化能为302.32 kJ/mol;研究PA10T非等温结晶动力学后,发现随着降温速率的增大,结晶峰值温度向低温移动,结晶度和结晶焓增加,结晶速率显著加快。用Mo方程描述了其非等温结晶动力学,F(T)值随着相对结晶度的增加而增加,α值基本保持在1.6,非等温结晶活化能为338.56 kJ/mol。     

液晶共聚物成核剂改性聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学

采用Jeziorny与Mo等方法研究了聚丙烯(PP)改性前后的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明:随着降温速率Φ的增加,结晶温度Tc向低温方向移动;在相同的Φ下,与纯PP相比,液晶共聚物/聚丙烯(LCP-H1/PP)样品的Tc值升高且峰型变窄。对于不同的Φ,LCP-H1/PP均低于纯PP的t1/2值,而LCP-H1/PP比纯PP的n值均有不同程度的提高,表明LCP-H1在PP中起到了异相成核的作用,提高了PP的Tc和成核速率,呈现球晶三维生长。此外,LCP-H1/PP比纯PP的ZC值有所提高,表明液晶共聚物(LCP-H1)的加入使得PP结晶速度加快。Jeziorny法和Mo法研究结果基本一致。     

结晶助剂在晶种分解中的应用

本文通过氧化铝生产工艺晶种分解过程中成核过程（成核频率f3．55与成核频率f1．92）的控制,通过结晶助剂CGM添加,有效控制晶种粒度及产品粒度来生产砂状氧化铝,并对添加过程中所产生的结疤进行分析。     

纳米二氧化硅改性PA6非等温结晶动力学

用DSC手段考察了反应釜内原位聚合制备的含有纳米二氧化硅的PA6的非等温结晶行为，熔体冷却的结晶发生在可结晶温度范围的高温区，冷却速率越快，结晶温度越低，即结晶温度趋向具有最大结晶速率的结晶温度靠近。F-3、F-4与1013B的结晶速率常数Zg也相差不多，△Hc也类似，n也在3～4之间，说明改性F-3、F-4的结晶特性未收到明显影响，保持在与1013B一致的水平。     

纳米晶镁铝水滑石制备机理及抗毒性研究

以尿素为沉淀剂制备纳米晶镁铝水滑石,考察不同镁铝比制备的纳米晶镁铝水滑石催化剂对大豆油酯交换的影响以及催化剂的抗水抗酸性和使用寿命,并探讨纳米晶镁铝水滑石的合成机理.随镁铝摩尔比增加,酯交换反应所需时间减少,当m(Mg2 ):m(Al3 )=3:1时,转化率高达94.2%;当m(Mg2 ):m(Al3 )=4:1时,使用寿命最长,可重复使用5次.纳米晶镁铝水滑石具有较强抗水抗酸性,故在进行酯交换反应中无须脱水脱酸.     

纳米镁铝水滑石的制备及其对聚氨酯阻燃性能的影响

采用液相沉淀法制备纳米镁铝水滑石微粉,利用XRD、TEM和TG对试样进行表征,研究了反应温度、干燥时间以及碳酸根浓度对镁铝水滑石纳米晶的影响.镁铝水滑石微粉经硅烷偶联剂KH550表面改性后填充到聚醚多元醇组合料中,采用原位聚合法制备出镁铝水滑石/软质聚氨酯纳米复合材料,研究了纳米镁铝水滑石对聚氨酯的阻燃效果及阻燃机理,并与Al(OH)_3阻燃效果进行对比.实验结果表明,晶粒尺寸随反应温度的升高而增大;干燥5h镁铝水滑石的热分解性能较好;适当提高碳酸根浓度可以改善镁铝水滑石晶体规整度;硅烷偶联剂KH550用量为5%时对镁铝水滑石表面改性效果最好;镁铝水滑石阻燃剂填充软质聚氨酯复合体系的阻燃效果要优于Al(OH)_3阻燃剂.     

Formaton of nanocrystalline Mg2Si and Mg2Si dispersion strengthened Mg-Al alloy by mechanical alloying

Formation of Mg₂Si via mechanical alloying of elemental Mg and Si powders has been investigated. The formation of Mg₂Si occurs after 10 hours of mechanical alloying. Nanocrystalline structure of Mg₂Si with grain size of 22 nm obtained after 50 hours of milling was found to be stable upon heating to about 390 °C. Sudden increase in crystalline size to 157 nm after annealing at 520 °C was observed. Although the reaction between Mg and Si could be completed after about 50 hours of mechanical alloying, thermal assisted reaction starting at as low as 190 °C could promote the formation of Mg₂Si at a short milling duration and hence reduce Fe contamination. Mg-Al alloy reinforced by Mg₂Si was prepared by milling Mg, Si and Al powders. Intermediate phase of Al₁₂Mg₁₇ has been detected after 5 hours of mechanical alloying. This intermediate phase was observed to disappear to form equilibrium solid solution of Mg-Al alloy after annealing at 300 °C.     

纳米材料的微结构变化动力学计算模型

通过对纳米材料的结晶动力学过程的研究,分析了纳米材料从非晶态到晶态的整个晶化过程中,晶粒从形成临界核开始到整个晶粒形成的各个生涨阶段的微结构变化的动力学,提出了一种定量计算模型,根据该模型可以计算出各生涨阶段晶粒尺寸和纳米材料的晶粒密度.     

熔体快淬对纳米晶和非晶Mg2Ni型合金贮氢动力学性能的影响

用快淬技术制备了名义成分为Mg2Ni1-xCox(x=0、、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4)的贮氢合金.获得长度连续,厚度约为30μm,宽度约为25mm的快淬合金薄带.用XRD、HRTEM表征了快淬态合金薄带的微观结构,用自动控制的Sieverts设备测试了合金的吸放氢动力学性能.用程控电池测试仪测定了合金薄带的电化学...     

Effect of Re on microstructural evolution and densification kinetics during spark plasma sintering of nanocrystalline W

In the present investigation, nanocrystalline W and W-xRe (x = 3, 5 wt.%) alloy powders were produced by mechanical milling/alloying using high energy ball milling. The nanocrystalline nature (∼50 nm) of these powders was validated by the Rietveld refinement of their respective X-Ray diffraction patterns. Subsequently, spark plasma sintering of the ball milled powders was carried out. It was observed that pure W was not able to densify completely (relative density of 93%) at a temperature of 1500 °C. However, the addition of 5 wt.% Re resulted in near complete densification (relative density of 97%) at the same sintering temperature. The enhanced densification of W-Re powders is mainly attributed to the ductilising effect of Re assisted by the nanocrystallinity of powders, and the application of pressure during sintering.     

Laser cladding of Mg-Al alloys

Among rapid solidification processing methods, laser cladding is a unique and promising technique which can be used to increase the corrosion resistance of materials. This paper describes the improvement of the laser-cladding process for magnesium-based alloys and an investigation of the effect of the laser-cladding technique upon the microstructure and the corrosion resistance of magnesium-based alloys. The cladding apparatus and techniques have been adapted for magnesium cladding to overcome the oxidation and high vapour pressurerelated problems. Laser-clad Mg₂₇Al₇₃, Mg₅₃Al₄₇, and Mg₇₂Al₂₈ have been obtained. Eutectic phases were observed in the two magnesium-rich alloys and in the interface of the aluminiumrich alloy. Polycrystalline structure was formed in Mg₂₇Al₇₃. Laser-clad Mg₂₇Al₇₃ was found to be superior to laser-clad Mg-5 wt% Zr, Mg-2 wt% Zr, cast AZ91 B and cast magnesium in corrosion properties.     

Densification kinetics of nanocrystalline zirconia powder using microwave and spark plasma sintering--a comparative study

Two-stage densification process of nanosized 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-SZ) polycrystalline compacts during consolidation via microwave and spark-plasma sintering have been observed. The values of activation energies obtained for microwave and spark-plasma sintering 260-275 kJ x mol(-1) are quite similar to that of conventional sintering of zirconia, suggesting that densification during initial stage is controlled by the grain-boundary diffusion mechanism. The sintering behavior during microwave sintering was significantly affected by preliminary pressing conditions, as the surface diffusion mechanism (230 kJ x mol(-1)) is active in case of cold-isostatic pressing procedure was applied.