倾斜极薄矿脉开采工艺研究

针对桂花铜矿伪倾斜工作面分采全面法存在的问题,进行开采工艺优化改造。将矿块式开采调整为连续回采,通过改变工作面伪倾斜方向、调整切底和落矿之间的开采顺序、优化炮孔布置以改变爆破指向等措施,使采场人工劳动强度大幅降低、抛废作业时间大量缩短、采矿工效得到较大提升、采矿直接成本大幅降低、采矿损失及贫化率也相应降低。改进方案在桂花铜矿进行了实践,千吨采切比减少了23.86 m/kt,综合回收率提高了9.3%,采矿工效提高了4.16 t/工·班,生产能力增加了52 t/d,采矿直接成本减少了27.6元/t,改进方案具有较高的实用价值与经济效益。     

"锚杆护顶浅孔+中深孔留矿"法在 高井槽铁矿的应用

针对高井槽铁矿原采矿方法顶板维护难题,提出了锚杆护顶浅孔+中深孔留矿法采矿方案,将矿体分为两层,上层用浅孔爆破回采,下层用平行中深孔落矿,上、下两层同时自下而上推进,利用锚杆对局部不稳固顶板进行加固。该采矿方案在矿山进行了采矿实验并取得成功,相对原开采方案,新方案千吨采切比减少了2.42 m·kt~(-1),综合回收率提高了5.2%,采矿工效提高了2.3 t·工~(-1)·班~(-1),生产能力提升了120 t·d~(-1),大块率下降了4.3%,采矿直接成本下降了5.6元·t~(-1),该采矿方案具有较好的应用推广价值。     

某地下磷矿山分段房柱法应用

在回采倾斜薄矿体时,矿石运搬问题极难解决。结合大湾地下磷矿开采实际,提出了采用无轨设备出矿的分段房柱采矿工艺,并对采场伪倾斜面与矿体走向夹角的确定方法进行了设计,合理地将采场划分为若干个分段,以有效减缓无轨设备的伪倾斜出矿坡度,从而高效、安全地进行出矿。实践结果表明,该方案可降低采矿综合成本和贫损指标,提高企业经济效益,具有良好的应用前景。     

无间柱连续采矿的岩石力学优化

金属矿山实现采矿连续工艺成为采矿技术发展的大趋势,无间柱连续采矿是井下高阶段,一步骤回采的高效采矿技术,作者在阐明无间柱连续采矿技术思路和优点的基础上,采用有限元数值模拟法,对地下金属矿山阶段开采留间柱和不留间柱以及不同回采顺序的地压规律进行多方案分析和比较,为无间柱连续采矿的应用提供了理论依据。     

急倾斜极薄金矿床开采中降低矿损贫化的途径

极薄矿脉就是在采准和回采中需要采掘围岩。为此,我们曾提出一种新型采矿法——分采掏槽空场采矿法。这种新型采矿法具有以下优点: 1、可选别回采富矿。 2、不需要采掘大量岩石,并使矿石贫化。 3、不必消耗坑木。     

深井连续推进跟随充填采矿技术

针对我国缓倾斜薄矿脉开采中存在的问题，从提高采场生产能力和减少回采作业中安全事故的角度出发，提出了水压支柱护顶无间柱连续推进条带工跟随充填采矿新技术。工业试验结果表明，采用这种采矿新技术，在缓倾斜薄矿脉开采中能使采矿与充填连续进行，极大地提高了采场生产能力，试验采场的生产能力达850t/m，贫化率小于7％，损失率小于5％。此外，由于采用了先进的可缩性金属支柱，单个支柱的最大工作阻力可达220kN,改善了采场顶板财层的受力状况。采用具有帷幕壁面全面滤水特点的帷幕隔离快速充填新技术，使进入充填空区内的料浆浓度能在25min内达到饱和浓度（78%－80%),60min内充填体对采场顶板提供初期支护，大大改善了采场的安全作业条件。     

康家湾矿深部难采矿体采场稳定性及结构参数优化研究

采用大型有限元分析软件--ANSYS对康家湾煤矿深部难采矿体典型采场顶板的稳定性及其对采场围岩力学状态的影响进行数值模拟、非线性分析,对9种典型采场结构模型的模拟结果进行了比较分析,根据分析结果结合采掘效率和开采成本等因素确定了采场最优结构参数,并对当前采矿方案提出修正和调整建议,以便更清楚地掌握深部地压变化规律,有效地进行地压管理,实现深部破碎带矿体及顶板不稳固矿体的安全高效开采.     

开滦各矿一次采全厚各煤层(倾斜及缓倾斜)中回采工作面合理长度的选择

合理的工作面长度是指适应于一定的矿山地质条件及技术组织水平从而使采矿工作获得最好的技术经济指标的工作面长度。自1953年来,开滦各矿回采工作面平均长度虽有显著的增长(见表1),但就长度仍然是落后于矿山技术水平及机械化程度增长的速度。在1955年上半年,开滦有约70％的煤是自倾斜及缓斜一次采全厚回采工作面中采出的(见表2),因之合理的决定出这些回采工作面的长度具有着深切的国民经济意义。     

焦西矿四一采区建筑物下最优开采方案

对焦西矿四一采区复杂的地质采矿条件及其地面受护建筑物的结构、质量和抗变形能力进行了深入研究,提出了条采方案,得出最佳方案为条带煤柱宽度33 mm,采出条带宽度东部20～45 m,西部8～40 m,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.     

焦西矿四一采区建筑物下最优开采方案

对焦西矿四一采区复杂的地质采矿条件及其地面受护建筑物的结构、质量和抗变形能力进行了深入研究,提出了条采方案,得出最佳方案为条带煤柱宽度３３ｍｍ,采出条带宽度东部２０～４５ｍ,西部８～４０ｍ,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益．     

Stability and reliability of pit slopes in surface mining combined with underground mining in Tonglushan mine

Slope stability is of critical importance in the process of surface-underground mining combination. The influence of underground mining on pit slope stability was mainly discussed, and the self-stabilization of underground stopes was also studied. The random finite element method was used to analyze the probability of the rock mass stability degree of both pit slopes and underground stopes. Meanwhile, 3D elasto-plastic finite element method was used to research into the stress, strain and rock mass failure resulting from mining. The results of numerical simulation indicate that the mining of the underground test stope has certain influence on the stability of the pit slope, but the influence is not great. The safety factor of pit slope is decreased by 0.06, and the failure probability of the pit slope is increased by 1.84%. In addition, the strata yielding zone exists around the underground test stope. The results basically conform to the information coming from the field monitoring.     

A new concept of backfill design—Application of wick drains in backfilled stopes

Backfilling represents an environmentally friendly mining waste disposal technique. It is increasingly used in underground mines all over the world. However, its primary purpose remains to improve ground stability and to reduce ore dilution. Previous investigations have shown that fill drainage plays a key role in backfill and barricade design. With a poor drainage system in the backfilled stope, the required dimension of barricade, which is constructed at the base of the stope near the drift entrance, has to be increased. A poor backfill drainage system can also lead to a significant increase in drainage waiting time and further reduction in mining productivity. In this paper, the drainage of conventional backfill design in backfilled stopes is briefly reviewed. For the first time, the application of the wick drain is introduced in the backfill within mine stopes. The drainage improvement from the introduction of the wick drain is illustrated using numerical modeling.     

Cavity 3D modeling and correlative techniques based on cavity monitoring

According to the mining method for Dongguashan Copper Mine and Tongkeng Mine in China, and with the help of the cavity monitoring system（CMS） and mining software Surpac, the 3D cavity models were established exactly. A series of correlative techniques for calculating stope over-excavation and under-excavation, stope dilution and ore loss rates, and the blasting design of the pillar with complicated irregular boundaries were developed. These techniques were applied in Dongguashan Copper Mine and Tongkeng Mine successfully. Using these techniques, the dilution rates of stopes 52-2^#, 52-6^#, 52-8^#and 52-10^# of Dongguashan Copper Mine are calculated to be 2.12%, 8.46%, 12-67% and 10.68%, respectively, and the ore loss rates of stopes 52-6^# and 5-8^# are 4.41% and 3.70%, severally. Furthermore, according to the design accomplished by the technique for a pillar of Tongkeng Mine with irregular boundary, the volume, total length of boreholes and the dynamite quantity of the pillar are computed to be 1.2 ×10^4 m^3, 2.98 km and 10.97 t, correspondingly.     

NMR-based damage characterisation of backfill material in host rock under dynamic loading

It is not uncommon that backfill material used in underground mining being exposed to repetitive dynamic stresses induced by blasting operations or rockburst events. Understanding the strength and fracture evolution of backfilled stopes is critical to maintain the long-term stope stability and ensure safe mining activities. This paper aims to study the damage evolution of the backfill material and its host rock behaviour under three-dimensional(3D) dynamic loading. Using a true-triaxial testing machine, multiple samples of backfill material enclosed by country rock were fabricated and tested under various dynamic loadings with different true-triaxial confining stress conditions. In addition, the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) measurement was conducted on the samples before and after exerting static and dynamic loading to obtain their porosity distribution changes. The experiment results suggested that with the increase of the dynamic loading, the porosity of the backfill sample goes through a two-stage process,which shows a slightly linear decrease and then followed by an exponential increase. The research findings can help understand the damage mechanism and fracture development of backfilled stopes and its host rock in deep underground mines, which are constantly subject to the combination of 3D static confining stress and dynamic loading.     

基于Web数据挖掘的多因素科技专家信息提取方法

由于网页信息呈现的多样性和复杂性,基于Web数据挖掘的信息提取准确率不高。为了提高科技专家Web信息挖掘的正确率,提出一种基于Web数据挖掘的多因素科技专家信息提取方法,对于网页给定统一资源定位符(URL)先进行网页正文提取,综合特征词在网页正文中的位置及特征词与特征词之间的距离构成最短距离匹配方法,抽取科技专家姓名、性别、出生年月、出生地点、职称等信息。实验结果表明,该方法获得了94.43%的查全率和92.34%的准确率,较好地满足了应用需求。     

Extracting mining subsidence land from remote sensing images based on domain knowledge

Extracting mining subsidence land from RS images is one of important research contents for environment monitoring in mining area. The accuracy of traditional extracting models based on spectral features is low. In order to extract subsidence land from RS images with high accuracy, some domain knowledge should be imported and new models should be proposed. This paper, in terms of the disadvantage of traditional extracting models, imports domain knowledge from practice and experience, converts semantic knowledge into digital information, and proposes a new model for the specific task. By selecting Luan mining area as study area, this new model is tested based on GIS and related knowledge. The result shows that the proposed method is more pre- cise than traditional methods and can satisfy the demands of land subsidence monitoring in mining area.     

字符串特征集生成方法

字符串特征集生成方法为提高未知恶意代码的识别精度,分析了特征集的选取方法对未知恶意代码分类精度的影响,提出了一种采用字符串描述构造特征集的方法,从恶意代码或正常文件中提取出字符串原始特征,引入频繁项目集方法进行特征选择,压缩特征集维数.经比较实验结果证明,该方法可提高分类器学习效率,同时能保证分类器具有较高的分类精度.     

樟村坪磷矿房柱采矿法采场稳定性研究

用有限元法,块体理论及刚度法相结合,对樟村坪磷矿采场的稳定性进行了研究。研究结果表明:采场在结构面不太发育时是稳定的,结构面发育时则存在塌滑体;矿柱在其载荷超过强度时,仍具有一定承载能力。这与现场实际情况基本相符。     

基于实体消歧的中文实体关系抽取

针对开放文本中中文实体关系抽取的一词多义问题,提出一种基于实体消歧的中文实体关系抽取方法。首先,从知网中挖掘出具有潜在语义关系的实体对,并利用贝叶斯分类的语义消歧方法实现从知网到维基百科的实体映射,以获取高质量的关系实例;然后,根据这些关系实例抽取出其对应文本中共现的句子实例,构建基本的抽取模式;最后通过模式合并的方法生成新模式,再使用新模式来抽取新实例。实验结果表明,该方法与没有进行语义消歧和模式合并的方法相比准确率有所提高。     

换热器抽芯高空作业车抽芯工作台设计

提出了换热器抽芯高空作业车抽芯工作台的设计方案。论述了抽芯工作台的结构与工作原理, 主要 介绍了纵梁结构设计和力学计算, 其中安全系数采用二级模糊综合评判方法来确定。该设计使换热器抽芯高空作 业车集起重、抽芯、行走三大功能于一体, 实现了抽芯设备整机一体化, 改变了依赖吊车配合作业的落后局面。