硝酸胍在气体发生剂中的应用及制造

介绍了硝酸胍的基本性质,以及作为汽车安全气囊与其气体发生剂的应用;汽车安全气囊用气体发生剂包括可燃剂、氧化剂和添加剂等;阐述了气体发生剂用硝酸胍的精制方法.认为汽车安全气囊用气体发生剂较为理想的配方是以硝酸胍为燃料、碱式硝酸铜为主氧化剂,并选择至少一种副氧化剂和合适的添加剂,同时要控制好各组分的比例..     

非叠氮化物气体发生剂的设计与研究

通过正交实验研究了新型非叠氮化物可燃剂PAK与混合氧化剂的燃烧性能 ,找到了适用于汽车安全气囊用的气体发生剂PAK - 2的组成。 60L压力舱实验结果表明 ,PAK - 2气体发生剂达到了国际同类产品的技术要求     

新能源汽车安全气囊用气体发生剂研究进展

阐述了新能源汽车对安全气囊用气体发生剂的要求,认为高燃速、低燃温和高产气量是气体发生剂的主要发展方向。对气体发生器中常用的GN型、AN型气体发生剂研究进展进行了综述,同时介绍了气体发生剂的制造工艺研究进展。     

安全气囊用烟火式气体发生剂的配方设计

主要介绍了安全气囊用烟火式气体发生剂的配方参数、配方组分的选择、配方设计方法及气体发生剂性能评估方法,提出了比冲法这一新的配方设计方法;介绍了包括氧平衡、产气量、燃温、燃速等几个主要配方参数,提出了一种安全气囊气体发生剂的燃速测试方法;此外,还介绍了安全气囊气体发生剂配方常用的几种燃料、氧化剂、催化剂、降温剂及助剂的理化性质。     

汽车安全气囊用非叠氮化物气体发生剂—PAK-2气体发生剂的设计与研究

通过正交实验研究了PAK与混合氧化剂的燃烧性能,找到了适用于汽车安全气曩用的气体发生剂PAK-2的组成。60L压力舱实验结果表明,PAK-2气体发生剂达到了国际同类产品的技术要求。     

振动磨混合时间对气体发生剂性能的影响研究

研究了振动磨不同研磨混合时间对安全气囊气体发生剂中各组分的混合均匀性和产品一致性的影响,此外,还通过气体发生剂与气体发生器匹配后进行的压力性能测试、火焰试验以及残渣试验,考查了振动磨研磨混合时间对气体发生剂性能的影响,为实际生产中振动磨研磨混合时间的确定提供了一定的参考依据。     

汽车防撞气囊气体发生剂燃烧示性参数的实验研究

通过密闭爆发器试验，对含有叠氮化钠类汽车防撞气囊用气体发生剂的火药力、余容、燃烧速度进行了实验测量，为研究气体发生剂在气体发生器中的燃烧特性提供一些有用的基础数据     

有机酸类固体可燃剂改进膨化硝铵炸药流散性的实验研究

在理论分析和实验的基础上,提出了用有机酸类固体可燃剂代替柴油,以达到改进膨化硝铵炸药流散性的目的。对两种典型的固体可燃剂对膨化硝铵炸药的爆炸性能、流散性和吸湿率的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明,用固体可燃剂可以部分代替柴油作为还原剂,而不影响炸药的爆炸性能,可明显改善膨化硝铵炸药的流散性,该工艺没有污染和毒性,能满足绿色生产的要求。     

“爆响剂代硫磺”和“三和粉”的开发与应用

本文分析了含硫磺烟花爆竹爆响剂的利弊，针对硫磺与氯酸钾配伍容易受外界能量刺激而引发安全事故，论述了一种新近开发的，能有效遏制烟花爆竹安全生产事故发生的“爆响剂代硫磺”和将爆竹将药所有可燃物以独特配方组合在一起，形成混合型可燃剂的“三和粉”新产品及其特性。     

高压力气体发生器低温点火性能

研究了气体发生剂性能、点火孔面积和排气孔面积等对高压力气体发生器低温点火性能的影响。研究结果表明,气体发生剂和点火孔是影响高压力气体发生器的主要因素,选用燃速较快的气体发生剂和较大的点火孔面积可以有效控制高压力气体发生器低温点火的稳定性。     

气体发生剂工艺过程对药剂微观形态的影响研究

研究了安全气囊气体发生剂现有三种制粒工艺下产气药的微观形貌。从均匀性方面评价各种工艺及不同工艺含水量对于产气药均匀性的影响。结果揭示,湿法制粒均匀性和发生器性能是三种工艺中最差的,干法制粒工艺和喷雾制粒工艺混合均匀性和发生器性能相当;湿法制粒加水越多产气药混合均匀性越差,喷雾工艺正好与之相反,加水量越多混合均匀性越佳。     

工艺助剂对气体发生剂性能的影响研究

除了燃料和氧化剂这两种主要成分会对气体发生剂性能产生明显影响外,比重非常小的工艺助剂往往也会对药剂性能产生较大影响,通过在药剂中分别加入石墨、硬脂酸镁、二硫化钼等几种工艺助剂,研究了它们对药剂的压制成形、力学性能、压力性能以及抗老化性能的影响。     

Decomposition and Ignition of the High‐Nitrogen Compound Triaminoguanidinium Azotetrazolate (TAGzT)

The high‐nitrogen compound triaminoguanidinium azotetrazolate (TAGzT) belongs to a class of C, H and N compounds that are free of both oxygen and metal, but retain energetic material properties as a result of their high heat of formation. Its decomposition thus lacks secondary oxidation reactions of carbon and hydrogen. The fact that TAGzT is over 80% nitrogen makes it potentially useful as a gas generant and energetic material with a low flame temperature to increase the impulse in gun or rocket propellants. The burning rate, laser ignition and flash pyrolysis (T‐jump/FTIR spectroscopy) characteristics were determined. It was found that TAGzT exhibits one of the fastest low‐pressure burning rates yet measured for an organic compound. Both the decomposition and ignition behavior of TAGzT are dominated by condensed phase reactions. T‐Jump/FTIR spectroscopy indicates that condensed phase reactions release about 65% of the energy, which helps to explain the high burning rate at low pressure.     

Effect of Porosity on the Burn Rate of a Gas‐Generating Composition

In the course of the development of an oxidizer‐based extruded composite propellant for use as gas generant, a simple model to describe and evaluate the actual porosity using simple methods was developed. It is briefly described and used to assess the influence of porosity on the burn rate of propellants produced. For the formulation studied the presence of microporosities does not seem to significantly influence the burn rate. On the other hand, volume fraction of porosities in extruded composition grains can exert a large influence and can increase considerably under thermal treatment with a resulting augmentation in burn rate.     

Azotetrazolylfurazan and Nitrogenous Salt Derivatives

The synthesis of (E)‐1,2‐bis(4‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,5‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)diazene (AzTF) and its high nitrogen salts is described. Compounds were tested for sensitivity to impact, spark, and friction and heats of formation were determined through bomb calorimetry. The calorimetry results coupled with density measurements by gas pychnometry were used to predict explosive output using the Cheetah thermochemical code. Of the four compounds tested AzTF itself has the most promise as an explosive due to TATB‐like performance and high thermal stability, while the triaminoguanidinium salt (TAG₂AzTF) may find favor as a high‐nitrogen gas generant in regard to the low overall sensitivity and very high nitrogen content of the molecule.     

4,5‐Bis(5‐tetrazolyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole: Synthesis and Performance

4,5‐Bis(5‐tetrazolyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole (BTT) was synthesized by a new method. Its structure was characterized by IR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EA). The thermal stability of BTT was investigated by TG‐DSC technique. The kinetic parameters including activation energy and pro‐exponential factor were calculated by Kissinger equation. The combustion heat, detonation products, hygroscopicity, impact, and friction sensitivity were also measured. The formation heat, detonation pressure, and detonation velocity of BTT were calculated. BTT has high detonation pressure and detonation velocity (P=35.36 GPa, D=8.971 km s⁻¹). BTT has potential application prospect as environmentally friendly gas generant, insensitive explosive and solid propellant.     

不锈钢的腐蚀种类及影响因素

一般情况下不锈钢具有较好的耐腐蚀性,但在特殊的操作工况下,此材料会出现诸如点蚀、缝隙腐蚀、应力腐蚀、晶间腐蚀等现象,而应力腐蚀、晶问腐蚀会给工程带来重大的安全隐患。结合工程实际,分别介绍以上各种腐蚀产生的机理及不锈钢在化学介质中的抗腐蚀性,并重点介绍晶问腐蚀产生的原因和防腐措施。     

干式气柜在炼油厂回收低压瓦斯气中的应用

气柜是储存、回收炼油厂低压瓦斯和调节瓦斯管网压力的重要设施,也是炼油厂重要的环保设施,在炼油厂低压瓦斯的平衡中起着重要的作用。吉林石化公司干式气柜设计容积为30 000 m3,是在吉林石化公司炼油厂现有瓦斯系统的基础上,通过新建的干式气柜,对瓦斯气的不均衡性起到缓冲作用,以最大能力回收炼油厂的低压瓦斯气,减少环境污染。干式气柜投运以来,运行良好,创造了较好的经济效益。