改进型动态时隙冲突跟踪树标签防碰撞算法

射频识别RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)系统内的读卡器在识别大数量标签时常因信号的碰撞而导致系统识别效率降低.动态时隙冲突跟踪树算法DSCTTA(Dynamic Slots Collision Tracking Tree Algorithm)采用动态时隙应答机制可减少前缀开销和迭代开销,但会产生大量空闲时隙.本文将DSCTTA和比特转换方式(BCM)相结合,得到改进型动态时隙冲突跟踪树标签防碰撞算法(IDSCTTA)以防止标签冲突,加快标签识别速度.理论分析及仿真结果表明,IDSCTTA不仅具有DSCTTA的全部优点,而且能够有效地减小识别时延和提高时隙效率,并且标签数目越大,算法性能越优越.     

射频识别系统的防冲突算法改进与实现

在射频识别系统中.须采取有效的防冲突算法解决多个标签与阅读器数据交换时引起的数据冲突问题.在对ALOHA算法和二进制算搜索法进行分析的基础上提出一种新的防冲突算法.该算法采取动态互补的二进制树形搜索法,充分利用已得到的冲突信息.有效减小了判决过程中数据的传输量.提高了标签的识别效率.仿真结果表明,改进后的算法可有效解决标签间的冲突.     

位屏蔽多叉树搜索射频识别防碰撞算法

针对RFID树型防碰撞算法中时隙数多、数据通行量大等问题,提出了一种改进的多叉树防碰撞算法,阅读器准确检测碰撞位并向标签反馈碰撞位信息,标签对阅读器已知的ID位进行屏蔽,把ID号转换成连续碰撞的序列号.阅读器利用屏蔽位信息和标签返回的碰撞位编码信息,对标签进行分层分类搜索.通过对标签ID进行屏蔽,阅读器和标签间仅发送对方不知道的碰撞位信息.该算法减少了碰撞时隙和识别时隙,避免了空闲时隙,减少了阅读器和标签间的数据通信量.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法减少了系统的时隙总数和数据通信量,提高了阅读器的识别效率.     

自调整混合树RFID多标签防碰撞算法

在RFID系统中,阅读器读取标签的效率与解决标签发生碰撞的方法密切相关.目前采用多叉树查询是一种较好的多标签防碰撞方法.它能减少碰撞时隙,再通过额外的查询来减少空闲时隙.但额外的查询也增加了新的开销.本文提出了一个自调整混合树RFID多标签防碰撞算法,该算法根据最高两个碰撞位的特征,在不增加额外查询的条件下,自调整搜索树的叉数,从而避免了一些碰撞时隙和空闲时隙.通过对算法的性能分析和仿真结果可以看到,自调整混合树RFID多标签防碰撞算法具有较少的时间复杂度和通信复杂度,识别效率也明显高于其他多叉树算法.     

超高频RFID系统中的防碰撞算法研究

鉴于多个电子标签工作在同一个频率,当同时处于同一个阅读器识别范围,如果没有采取多址访问控制机制的情况下,信息传输会发生冲突,从而不能正确读出数据。根据超高频频段（860～960MHz）ISO18000-6协议规定,针对无线射频识别（RFID,Radio Frequency Identification）系统出现的多电子标签碰撞问题,首先从最初的二进制防碰撞算法原理进行说明,随后从传输数据位数以及搜索次数方面对其进行了改进,通过实验表明该算法提高了标签的识别效率。     

基于模运算标签分类的RFID标签防碰撞识别方法

为了解决射频识别(RFID)系统中的多标签防碰撞问题,在分析帧时隙ALOHA算法的基础上,提出一种基于模运算标签分类的RFID标签防碰撞识别方法。引入一种检测信息碰撞的时隙选择信息,对标签所选取时隙的碰撞情况进行分析并估计标签数量;然后对标签EPC编码进行逐级的取模运算,将同余的标签归为一组。各个标签经过K次取模运算后,分为2k组,每组只有发生少量碰撞位的标签。再将标签按照分组对应的时隙发送,碰撞标签采用二叉树后退式算法处理。本方法极大的提高了标签的识别效率,适用于射频识别系统中阅读器对于大量电子标签的快速识别。     

可并行识别的分组动态帧时隙ALOHA标签防碰撞算法

该文针对现有动态帧时隙ALOHA标签防碰撞算法的系统吞吐率低、算法效率低等问题,提出一种可并行识别的分组动态帧时隙ALOHA(PIGDFSA)标签防碰撞算法。该文以实验为基础,探索了待识别标签数、标签分组数、帧长对系统吞吐率与标签碰撞率的影响,研究了提升系统吞吐率与降低标签碰撞率的策略与方法。结合射频识别(RFID)的多天线系统,引入FastICA技术,从而实现碰撞时隙重新定义,并以此为基础,利用未识别标签数目自适应确定分组数与帧长。仿真结果表明:PIGDFSA算法在标签数达到2000时,算法吞吐率仍能稳定在92%以上,与FSA-256, GDFSA, BSDBG等算法相比具有更高的算法吞吐率,更少的空隙时隙,更高的算法效率。     

Adaptive Binary Splitting: A RFID Tag Collision Arbitration Protocol for Tag Identification

In the RFID system, a reader recognizes tags through communications over a shared wireless channel. When multiple tags transmit their IDs at the same time, the tag-to-reader signals lead to collision. Tag collision arbitration for passive RFID tags is significant for fast identification since collisions disturb the reader's identification process. This paper presents an Adaptive Binary Splitting (ABS) protocol which is an improvement on the binary tree protocol. To reduce collisions and identify tags efficiently, ABS uses information which is obtained from the last processes of tag identification. Our performance evaluation shows that ABS outperforms other tree based tag anti-collision protocols. This work was supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2005-041-D00680).     

Adaptive binary splitting for efficient RFID tag anti-collision

Tag collision arbitration for passive RFID tags is a significant issue for fast tag identification. This letter presents a novel tag anti-collision scheme called adaptive binary splitting (ABS). For reducing collisions, ABS assigns distinct timeslots to tags by using information obtained from the last identification process. Our performance evaluation shows that ABS outperforms other tree based tag anti-collision protocols.     

基于空闲时隙消除的超高频RFID防碰撞算法

标签防碰撞是射频识别系统中的一项重要研究课题.为了进一步提高射频识别系统的性能和降低复杂度,提出了一种基于空闲时隙消除的二进制分裂算法.该算法在二进制分裂算法中引入了单比特状态标识位,在识别过程中,标签在ID数据传输之前先发送单比特随机信号,用于判定时隙是否碰撞,从而避免了冗余的信息传输.由于该算法彻底消除了传统二进制随机数分裂方法中的空闲时隙,因此节省了识别过程中的协调时间开销.最后通过理论分析和仿真结果证明：ISE-BS算法的吞吐率稳定在40.65%左右,时间效率稳定在32.46%左右,ISE-BS算法相比于现有的防碰撞算法性能更优.从实现的角度,比较了各个算法的浮点运算成本,结果显示提出的算法可以极大的降低系统复杂度.     

Enhanced binary search with cut-through operation for anti-collision in RFID systems

RFID systems allow contactless identification of objects using radio frequency. When there is more than one transponder within the interrogation area of a reader, all the transponders may send data (or tags) at the same time which may lead to mutual interference. This event causes data loss and is referred to as a collision. In this letter, we propose an enhanced binary search with cut-through operation to minimize the anti-collision cost. The analytic results show that the proposed scheme achieves low delay in the collision resolution with low power consumption.     

跳频CDMA的RFID防碰撞算法研究

分析了当前RFID系统的防碰撞算法,研究防碰撞机制和相关的算法,结合跳频技术与CDMA提出基于跳频CDMA的RFID防碰撞算法。算法以不同的相互正交的码序列区分标签,在同一个时隙中标签通过跳频来防止碰撞的产生。通过一个2.4GHz有源RFID系统来实现和验证算法。实验表明,跳频CDMA算法能有效防止标签碰撞的产生,在时延方面优于二进制树形搜索算法。     

分组自适应分配时隙的RFID防碰撞算法研究

为了解决射频识别(Radio Frequency IDentification,RFID)系统中的多标签防碰撞问题,在分析帧时隙ALOHA算法的基础上,提出一种基于分组自适应分配时隙的RFID防碰撞算法(GAAS).首先让阅读器对标签随机所选的时隙进行扫描统计,并将其发送给每一个标签,标签再进行相应地时隙调整,使阅读器跳过空闲时隙和碰撞时隙,自适应地分配有效时隙,进而对标签进行快速识别.当未识别标签数比较大时,算法采用分组以及动态调整帧长等策略,以减少时隙处理的时间.仿真结果表明:GAAS算法提高了系统的识别效率和稳定性,降低了传输开销.特别是当标签数超过1000时,该算法的吞吐率仍保持在71%以上,比传统的帧时隙ALOHA-256算法和分组动态帧时隙ALOHA算法的系统效率分别提高了300%和97.2%.     

An Efficient Anti-collision Protocol for Fast Identification of RFID Tags

Tag collision prevention/resolution for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is one of the most significant issues for fast tag identification. This paper proposes a new anti-collision protocol that has objective of minimizing the tag identification delay. The proposed scheme reduces the tag collisions by allocating exclusive timeslot to each tag using identified timeslot information. Performance evaluation based on numerical and simulation results shows that the proposed anti-collision method improves RFID identification performance.     

Minimising collisions in RFID data streams using probabilistic Cluster-Based Technique

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) uses wireless radio frequency technology to automatically identify tagged objects. Despite the extensive development of the RFID technology in many areas, tags collisions still remain a major problem. This issue is known as the collision problem and can be solved by using anti-collision techniques. Current probabilistic anti-collision approaches suffer from tag starvation due to the inaccurate Backlog estimation and have a low performance in some cases. In this research, we propose a Probabilistic Cluster-Based Technique (PCT) to maximise the performance efficiency during the tag identification process. The PCT approach creates new tag grouping strategies using particular equations, according to the optimal efficiency obtained for a specific number of tags. Through extensive experimentation, we have demonstrated that the proposed concept performs better than the other current state-of-the-art approaches.     

Instant collision resolution for tag identification in RFID networks

In this paper, we approach the problem of identifying a set of objects in an RFID network. We propose a modified version of Slotted Aloha protocol to reduce the number of transmission collisions. All tags select a slot to transmit their ID by generating a random number. If there is a collision in a slot, the reader broadcasts the next identification request only to tags which collided in that slot. Besides, we present an extensive comparative evaluation of collision resolution protocols for tag identification problem in RFID networks. After a quick survey of the best performing RFID tag identification protocols, both deterministic and probabilistic, we present the outcome of intensive simulation experiments set up to evaluate several metrics, such as the total delay of identification process and the bit complexity of reader and tags. The last metric is strictly related to energy constraints required by an RFID system. The experiments point out that our protocol outperform all the other protocols in most cases, and matches them in the others.     

基于位判别的后退式搜索防碰撞算法

在射频识别(RFID)系统中,经常出现多个标签同时向阅读器传递信息,进而相互干扰导致阅读器无法正确识别标签的碰撞现象。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于位判别的后退式二进制搜索防碰撞算法。该算法在传统后退式二进制搜索算法的基础上进行了改进,提出了碰撞距离的概念,通过对碰撞距离的判别来确定搜索的方式。实验结果表明,改进算法的性能比其他几种算法有所提高,传送数据量降低了很多。该算法可以有效的减少传输数据量,提高识别速率。     

基于CDMA技术的新型防碰撞算法

标签碰撞是射频识别（RFID）技术的常见问题,该问题影响了RFID系统通信过程中数据传输的完整性.在分析已有防碰撞方法的基础上,根据帧时隙分组ALOHA算法,结合码分多址技术,提出了新型的标签防碰撞算法.该算法能够有效减小标签之间的碰撞概率,缩短读写器操作时间,提高吞吐率,很适合应用于具有较大数量标签的RFID系统中.     

基于分组机制的位仲裁查询树防碰撞算法

提出了一种基于分组机制的位仲裁查询树(GBAQT, bit arbitration query tree based on grouping mechanism)算法。该算法根据标签ID自身特征分组,采用3位仲裁位来取代传统1位仲裁识别标签的方式,通过碰撞位信息得到传输数据,从而能避免一些空闲时隙。算法的性能分析和仿真结果表明,GBAQT防碰撞算法具有较少的总时隙数,系统效率和时隙利用率也明显优于其他算法。     

基于查询树的防碰撞算法性能分析与研究

多标签碰撞问题严重影响射频识别系统的性能.基于查询树的防碰撞算法作为一种确定性算法被广泛的应用于各类射频识别场景中.本文分析了主流查询树防碰撞算法的性能与不足,并基于查询树方法提出了一种时间有效的防碰撞算法.该算法基于传统查询树识别模型,实施了一种双查询前缀匹配方法,可以消除传统查询树方法中的空闲时隙.此外,提出的算法可以充分利用碰撞时隙来提高识别效率.理论分析和仿真结果表明该算法优于现有的查询树防碰撞算法.