电火花线切割加工工作液电解质对伏安特性与丝损的影响

研究了电火花线切割加工工作液成分和性质对加工的影响.通过改变电解质添加量,研究电火花线切割加工工作液性质对放电间隙伏安特性和电极丝损耗的影响,并对其作用机理进行探索.实验证明:电解质的添加改变了工作液的电导率,从而引起放电间隙伏安特性变化,提高了加工效率,同时增加了电解作用,大大降低了电极丝损耗.     

高速走丝电火花线切割加工中工作液的电解作用

测定了高速走丝电火花线切割加工中添加电解质的工作液电导率与加工效率及表面粗糙度的关系，表明随着电导率增加，工件表面粗糙度下降，加工效率存在最佳值。通过测定电极丝的损耗曲线，证实工作液的电解镀覆作用能减少电极丝的损耗和增加其寿命。     

线电极电火花—电解复合加工

线电极电火花—电解复合加工是一种利用电能、热能和电化学能同时作用于加工表面的加工方法,它兼有线电极电火花切割加工精度高和电解加工去除率高、表面光洁度高的优点。本方法使用CKX数控线切割机,高频电源为GPY晶体管脉冲发生器,切割丝直径0.13,工作材料为Cr12淬火钢,工作液是一种水基工作液。     

低盐溶液电火花-电解复合加工微小方孔试验

综合电火花加工快速蚀除材料与电解加工溶解重铸层的优势,提出了在低电导率的NaNO3溶液中使用电极逐层往复式铣削加工微小方孔的电火花-电解复合加工方法,并研究了电解液浓度、电压和电容参数对微小方孔加工质量的影响。结果表明:电解液浓度与加工电压对微小方孔加工质量影响较大,电容影响相对较小。选用最优加工参数在100μm厚的321不锈钢片上加工微小方孔,得到的方孔加工质量好、侧壁表面无重铸层,且工具电极相对损耗仅0.05%。     

第七次国际电加工会议ISEM-7

1983年4月12日～4月14日在英国伯明翰市召开了第七次国际电加工会议(ISEM-7)。会议正式宣读的论文分为十个部分。1.电火花加丁二自动控制;2.电火花加工电极;3.电火花平动加工法和电火花钻孔;4.激光加工与电子束加工;5.电火花磨削和电火花加工用工作液;6.电火花电解复合加工;7.电火花线切割和电解磨削;8.电解加工法;9.电解加     

工艺参数对电火花电解复合加工过程的影响规律

采用电火花电解(EDM/ECM)复合加工方法进行割缝加工时,加工效率和割缝宽度作为评价复合加工割缝的两个重要指标,但在实际加工过程中往往难以同时达到要求。使用自行研制的水包油工作液,利用单因素法探究电火花电解复合加工时工艺参数(电流、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隙、电极盘转速)对复合加工效果的影响规律,并通过正交实验分析不同工艺参数对电火花电解复合加工的影响程度,确定最佳工艺参数组合。最终通过正交试验,综合考虑加工效率及缝宽这两个评价指标选择缝宽最优1 (A_1B_1C_3D_1),即确定工艺参数组合电流40 A,脉冲间隙10μs,电极盘转速400 r/min,脉冲宽度44μs为水包油工作液复合加工的最优参数。     

电火花加工中气泡与电蚀产物对阴极场强影响的仿真研究

针对电火花加工中不同放电位置产生的不同电极损耗形状,讨论了极间存在工作液、气泡、电蚀产物的情况下,火花击穿放电前阴极电场强度的分布情况,从而探究气泡对放电发生位置及电极损耗形状的影响。采用Maxwell软件进行电火花放电通道的静电场仿真,得到气泡、电蚀产物对放电发生位置的影响规律。仿真结果表明：气泡对阴极表面具有保护作用,气泡越大,离阴极表面越近,场强越低,保护作用越明显;电蚀产物对阴极场强有增强作用,且随其浓度的增加而增加;气泡周围区域电蚀产物浓度高,放电发生概率最大;静止的气泡可减少放电损耗,运动的气泡对电极损耗的影响取决于高放电概率,气泡的不同分布状态影响电极的损耗形状。     

微结构超声复合加工机理分析与试验

提出制作微结构的超声复合电加工方法.分析微细超声、超声复合电火花、超声复合电解微细加工过程机理.用微细放电组合技术制作多种截面形状微细工具电极;完善超声复合电加工试验系统,进行了多种材料、形状的微结构超声复合加工试验.结果表明:用超声加工是制作硬脆材料微结构的有效方法,用超声复合电火花制作的金属材料微结构有好的精度及稳定性;超声复合电解加工兼有效率高、精度好的技术优势.     

日本对电解加工和电解磨削现状的论述

电解加工和电解磨削是为解决机械加工困难的材料和形状而发展起来的一种电化学加工法,它是在电火花加工出现以后不久而发展起来的,和电火花加工相比,具有加工速度高,表面光洁度好,电极不损耗,适合相同形状的重复加工等优点,虽然如此.但目前在生产中的应     

电火花电解复合加工工作液的制备及其对割缝效果的影响

割缝筛管是石油开采行业中常用的防砂设备,采用电火花电解复合加工方法对割缝筛管进行加工。针对目前复合加工使用的油基工作液存在安全性差、成本高及纯水基工作液存在加工效率不理想等缺点,以20号机油、纯净水、司班80、平平加A-20、蔗糖等为原料研制了一种新型电火花电解复合加工工作液,研究了该水包油型工作液对电火花电解复合加工效率、割缝宽度和表面粗糙度的影响,并与机油加工效果进行了对比。结果表明:复配乳化剂的HLB值为8,且在温度为45℃条件下,当水、油、乳化剂的比例为3.1∶2∶1.4时,可获得均一稳定的乳化液;当电参数不变时,加入14g蔗糖、1gNaNO_3和0.25gNaCl可确保高效、窄缝的加工效果;与机油加工相比,加工效率提高且表面粗糙度值减小,安全性、清洁性提高,但缝宽有所增大。     

电火花加工中多材质电极损耗规律的实验研究

针对电火花加工中多材质电极的损耗和形状变化,在模具钢工件上开展了电火花多材质电极加工实验研究,分析了电极材料、加工极性对多材质电极损耗的影响规律,并以黄铜-模具钢电极、紫铜-铜钨合金电极为研究对象,分析了多材质电极的形状变化规律。结果表明:长度损耗小的电极材料能辅助减小同组其他材料的电极损耗,但通常其角损耗较大;加工中多材质电极结合处形成过渡曲面,当加工进入均匀损耗阶段后,过渡曲面的圆弧半径和圆心角基本恒定不变。     

A study of EDM and ECM/ECM-lapping complex machining technology

EDM (electrodischarge machining) and ECM (electrochemical machining)/ECM-lapping complex machining is investigated in this paper. First, EDM shaping and ECM finishing technology are investigated. These processes are carried out in sequence on the same machine tool with the same electrode (copper) and the same machining liquid (water). Two types of EDM and ECM complex machining are investigated. One is with a formed electrode, and the other is with simple-shape electrode scanning. The complex machining with electrode scanning is applied to produce small and various-shaped components without making a formed electrode. The EDM surface of 1 μm Ra is improved to 0.2 μm Ra by applying ECM. Second, in order to get a smoother surface, a new EDM and ECM-lapping complex machining technology is developed. The surface roughness of a machined hole is improved to 0.07 μm Ra by applying 2 min of ECM lapping. The surface finishing of a hole shape is demonstrated with the complex machining technology.     

形状记忆合金非常规加工综述(英文)

形状记忆合金(SMAs)由于具有多种特殊性能,如伪弹性、形状记忆效应、生物相容性、高的比强度、高耐蚀性、高耐磨性、良好的抗疲劳性能,成为不断发展的先进材料。因此,形状记忆合金被广泛应用于航空航天、医疗和汽车等方面。然而,由于严重的加工硬化和伪弹性,形状记忆合金的传统加工会造成严重的刀具磨损、费时以及低维畸变。这些材料可以使用非传统的方法,如激光加工、水射流加工(WJM)和电化学加工(ECM)进行机械加工,但这些方法受限于该材料的复杂性和力学性能。而电火花加工(EDM)和线切割(WEDM)能够很好的加工具有复杂形状和精密尺寸的形状记忆合金。介绍大量关于使用电火花和线切割加工形状记忆合金的研究,分析不同研究的差异,并展望未来的研究趋势。     

Real-time Tool Wear Compensation in Milling EDM

Accurate machining by milling EDM (i.e. CNC contouring EDM with a rotating cylindrical or tubular electrode) necessitates compensation of the tool electrode wear. Existing anticipated wear compensation is based on off-line tool wear simulation prior to machining. This can be combined with corrections based on periodical measurements of tool length during machining. Anticipated wear compensation involves an important restriction: an exact model of the blank geometry must be available in order to perform the tool wear simulation. This paper presents a new method of wear compensation. On-line estimation of tool wear is used for combining anticipated compensation with real-time compensation. This extends the scope of milling EDM to the machining of blanks of which the exact shape is not known in advance.     

Analysis of the electrochemical behaviors of WC–Co alloy for micro ECM

Micro electrochemical machining (ECM) of tungsten carbide with cobalt binder (WC–Co) was studied using ultrashort pulses. In ECM, the machining characteristics were investigated according to machining conditions such as electrolyte, workpiece potential, and applied voltage pulse. Using a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, microstructures with a sharp edge and good surface quality were machined on tungsten carbide alloy. The potentials of workpiece electrode and tool electrode were determined by considering the machining rate, machining stability, and surface quality of products. With the negative potential of the workpiece electrode, oxide formation was successfully prevented and shape with good surface quality in the range from R_a 0.069 μm to 0.075 μm were obtained by electrochemical machining. Moreover, the performance of ECM, which includes machining gap, tapering, surface roughness, and machining time, without tool wear was compared with that of electrical discharge machining (EDM). Microstructures of WC–Co with a sharp edge and good surface quality were obtained by electrochemical milling and electrochemical drilling. Micro electrochemical turning was also introduced to fabricate micro shafts.     

工作液超声振动辅助电火花小孔加工装置设计与试验

电火花加工小孔存在电蚀产物排出效率低导致加工效率低、电蚀产物排除导致二次放电现象影响加工精度等问题,而超声振动在工作液中产生空化效应和泵吸作用,能大幅提高电火花的排屑和消电离能力,进而在很大程度上减少上述问题的发生。设计一套工作液超声振动辅助电火花小孔加工装置,主要包括主轴系统、微三维运动平台、超声振动工作液槽和数据采集系统,其中主轴系统包括NSK电主轴、引电结构、工具电极装夹结构,可以实现工具电极的高速旋转;基于LabVIEW开发了电火花小孔加工控制系统,主要包括初始化模块、粗定位模块、恒电压对刀模块、实时电压分段控制加工模块和实时显示模块。开展了工作液超声振动辅助电火花小孔加工试验研究,试验结果表明：随电火花加工电压的增加,工件材料去除率和电极损耗率都趋于增大。     

钛合金与镍基高温合金薄片振动辅助电火花加工工艺参数优化研究

在航空发动机叶片的电解加工过程中,由于存在加工间隙,导致加工后的叶片边缘存在尺寸与形状误差。采用电火花加工并辅以振动对叶片边缘进行粗、精加工修整,考虑到电火花加工参数与工件材料加工特性存在不确定性,通过正交试验探究了粗加工的峰值电流、脉冲宽度、振幅和振动频率对材料去除率、工具电极相对体积损耗率的影响。采用横截面尺寸为29 mm×0.5 mm的钛合金和镍基高温合金薄板作为工件进行长度2 mm的切断实验,通过极差分析法和方差分析法获得加工最优参数,并得出镍基高温合金、钛合金材料去除率最高分别达12.99、13.13 mm3/min,为后续利用成形电极对叶片边缘进行精密修整提供可参考的有效电加工参数。     

微细电加工应用技术研究

微细电加工要达到工业应用的目的,需兼顾加工效率和加工精度两方面的要求.以微细孔、微细三维结构的加工为目标,进行了微细孔电火花加工、三维微细结构电火花伺服扫描加工及微细电化学加工技术的研究开发.设计出微细电极的损耗补偿进给和导向机构,开发出三维微细结构的电火花伺服扫描加工工艺,研究了采用阵列微细电极的微细电化学加工方法.微细孔电火花加工可连续加工直径小至100 μm的孔.伺服扫描电火花加工可便捷地在小于1 mm2区域内加工出三维微细结构.提出的微细电化学加工技术路线拟将微细电解加工应用于阵列微细孔和三维微细结构的加工.     

Finite element prediction of material removal rate due to electro-chemical spark machining

Electro-chemical spark machining (ECSM) is an innovative hybrid machining process, which combines the features of the electro-chemical machining (ECM) and electrodischarge machining (EDM). Unlike ECM and EDM, ECSM is capable of machining electrically non-conducting materials. This paper attempts to develop a thermal model for the calculation of material removal rate (MRR) during ECSM. First, temperature distribution within zone of influence of single spark is obtained with the application of finite element method (FEM). The nodal temperatures are further post processed for estimating MRR. The developed FEM based thermal model is found to be in the range of accuracy with the experimental results. Further the parametric studies are carried out for different parameters like electrolyte concentration, duty factor and energy partition. The increase in MRR is found to increase with increase in electrolyte concentration due to ECSM of soda lime glass workpiece material. Also, the change in the value of MRR for soda lime glass with concentration is found to be more than that of alumina. MRR is found to increase with increase in duty factor and energy partition for both soda lime glass and alumina workpiece material.