共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Gulab N. Jham Bryan R. Moser Shailesh N. Shah Ronald A. Holser Onkar D. Dhingra Steven F. Vaughn Mark A. Berhow Jill K. Winkler-Moser Terry A. Isbell Ray K. Holloway Erin L. Walter Ricardo Natalino Jason C. Anderson David M. Stelly 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2009,86(9):917-926
Wild mustard (Brassica juncea L.) oil is evaluated as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Biodiesel was obtained in 94 wt.% yield by a standard transesterification
procedure with methanol and sodium methoxide catalyst. Wild mustard oil had a high content of erucic (13(Z)-docosenoic; 45.7 wt.%) acid, with linoleic (9(Z),12(Z)-octadecadienoic; 14.2 wt.%) and linolenic (9(Z),12(Z),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic; 13.0 wt.%) acids comprising most of the remaining fatty acid profile. The cetane number, kinematic viscosity,
and oxidative stability (Rancimat method) of the methyl esters was 61.1, 5.33 mm2 s−1 (40 °C) and 4.8 h (110 °C), respectively. The cloud, pour and cold filter plugging points were 4, −21 and −3 °C, respectively.
Other properties such as acid value, lubricity, free and total glycerol content, iodine value, Gardner color, specific gravity,
as well as sulfur and phosphorous contents were also determined and are discussed in light of biodiesel standards ASTM D6751
and EN 14214. Also reported are the properties and composition of wild mustard oil, along with identification of wild mustard
collected in Brazil as Brassica juncea L. (2n = 36) as opposed to the currently accepted Sinapis arvensis L. (2n = 18) classification. In summary, wild mustard oil appears to be an acceptable feedstock for biodiesel production.
Disclaimer: Product names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants
the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others
that may also be suitable. 相似文献
2.
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines that consists of the monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats.
Currently, most biodiesel consists of methyl esters, which have poor cold-flow properties. Methyl esters of soybean oil will
crystallize and plug fuel filters and lines at about 0°C. However, isopropyl esters have better cold-flow properties than
methyl esters. This paper describes the production of isopropyl esters and their evaluation in a diesel engine. The effects
of the alcohol amount, the catalyst amount, and two different catalysts on producing quality biodiesel were studied. Both
sodium isopropoxide and potassium isopropoxide were found to be suitable for use in the transesterification process. A 20∶1
alcohol/TG molar ratio and a catalyst amount equal to 1% by weight (based on the TG amount) of sodium metal was the most cost-effective
way to produce biodiesel fuel. The emissions from a diesel engine running on isopropyl esters made from soybean oil and yellow
grease were investigated by comparing them with No. 2 diesel fuel and methyl esters. For nitrogen oxide emission, the difference
between the biodiesel produced from soybean oil and yellow grease was greater than the difference between the methyl and isopropyl
esters of both feedstocks. The other emissions from using isopropyl esters were about 50% lower in hydrocarbons, 10–20% lower
in carbon monoxide, and 40% lower in smoke number when compared with No. 2 diesel fuel. 相似文献
3.
Sunmin Wang Jianheng Shen Martin J. T. Reaney 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2012,89(3):513-522
Branched chain alkyl esters have lower crystallization temperatures than those with straight chain headgroups. We investigated
the effect of branched chain headgroups on the cold flow properties and lubricity of alkyl esters. Commercial grade canola
methyl ester was transformed into branched chain alkyl esters through a two or three-stage base-catalyzed transesterification
reaction with 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol. Conversion rates between 85 and 95% were achieved. The alkyl esters
exhibited improved cold flow properties. The pour points were reduced from −12 to −27 °C as a result of incorporating branched
headgroups. Addition of 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) 1-methoxy-2-propyl alkyl ester improved the lubricity of a commercial pre-production
ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel, as determined by increased lubricity number and reduced wear scar diameter. The inclusion
of methyl-tert butyl ether or ethanolamides additives to ULSD containing alkyl esters had an antagonistic effect on lubricity. The branched-chain
alkyl esters have the potential to be used as lubricity-enhancing and low-temperature fuel additives. 相似文献
4.
Biodiesel derived from camelina as well as other feedstocks including palm, mustard, coconut, sunflower, soybean and canola
were prepared via the conventional base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol. Fatty acid profiles and the fuel properties
of biodiesel from different vegetable oils were analyzed and tested in accordance with ASTM D6751. Camelina biodiesel contains
10–12%, 37–40%, and 48–50% saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated components, respectively. Some fuel properties of
camelina biodiesel are comparable to that of sunflower biodiesel including kinematic viscosity (40 °C), flash point, cloud
point, cold filter plugging point, and oil stability index. However, camelina biodiesel exhibited the poorest oxidative stability,
highest distillation temperature and has the highest potential to form coke during combustion, all of which are attributed
to the high amounts of n-3-fatty acids in camelina oil. While neat camelina biodiesel may exhibit undesirable fuel properties,
it is very comparable with soybean biodiesel at the B20 level. 相似文献
5.
Use of branched-chain esters to reduce the crystallization temperature of biodiesel 总被引:12,自引:17,他引:12
Inmok Lee Lawrence A. Johnson Earl G. Hammond 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(10):1155-1160
To reduce the tendency of biodiesel to crystallize at low temperatures, branched-chain alcohols were used to esterify various
fats and oils, and the crystallization properties of the branched esters were compared with those of methyl esters by using
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cloud point, and pour point. Compared with the methyl esters that are commonly used
in biodiesel, branched-chain esters greatly reduced the crystallization onset temperature (TCO) of neat esters and their corresponding ester diesel fuel blends. Isopropyl and 2-butyl esters of normal (∼10 wt% palmitate)
soybean oil (SBO) crystallized 7–11 and 12–14°C lower, respectively, than the corresponding methyl esters. The benefit of
the branched-chain esters in lowering TCO increased when the esters were blended with diesel fuel. Esters made from a low-palmitate (3.8%) SBO crystallized 5–6°C lower
than those of normal SBO. Isopropyl esters of lard and tallow had TCO values similar to that of methyl esters of SBO. DSC provided an accurate means of monitoring crystallization, and the DSC
results correlated with cloud and pour point measurements. 相似文献
6.
Gerhard Knothe 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2001,78(10):1025-1028
Biodiesel, defined as the alkyl esters (usually methyl esters) of vegetable oils, is miscible with conventional diesel fuel
at all blend levels. Until the present time, no rapid and reliable analytical method has existed for determining the blend
level of biodiesel in conventional diesel fuel. In the present work, near-infrared (NIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopies were used to determine the blend level of biodiesel in conventional diesel fuel. Several regions in the NIR
region (around 6005 cm−1 and 4800–4600 cm−1) are suitable for this purpose. The method is rapid and easy to use, and does not require any hardware changes when using
the same instrument for monitoring the biodiesel-producing transesterification reaction and determining biodiesel fuel quality.
In 1H NMR spectroscopy, the integration values of the peaks of the methyl ester moiety and the aliphatic hydrocarbon protons in
biodiesel and conventional diesel fuel were used for determining blend levels. The results of NIR and NMR blend level determinations
are in good agreement. 相似文献
7.
Improving the low-temperature properties of alternative diesel fuels: Vegetable oil-derived methyl esters 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
R. O. Dunn M. W. Shockley M. O. Bagby 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(12):1719-1728
This work explores near-term approaches for improving the low-temperature properties of triglyceride oil-derived fuels for
direct-injection compression-ignition (diesel) engines. Methyl esters from transesterified soybean oil were evaluated as a
neat fuel and in blends with petroleum middle distillates. Winterization showed that the cloud point (CP) of methyl soyate
may be reduced to −16°C. Twelve cold-flow additives marketed for distillates were tested by standard petroleum methodologies,
including CP, pour point (PP), kinematic viscosity, cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and low-temperature flow test (LTFT).
Results showed that additive treatment significantly improves the PP of distillate/methyl ester blends; however, additives
do not greatly affect CP or viscosity. Both CFPP and LTFT were nearly linear functions of CP, a result that compares well
with earlier studies with untreated distillate/methyl ester blends. In particular, additives proved capable of reducing LTFT
of neart methyl esters by 5–6°C. This work supports earlier research on the low-temperature properties; that is, approaches
for improving the cold flow of methyl ester-based diesel fuels should continue to focus on reducing CP. 相似文献
8.
Crystallization Behavior of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Robert O. Dunn 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2008,85(10):961-972
Biodiesel from most agricultural feedstocks has flow properties that are prone to startup and operability problems during
cold weather. Biodiesel from soybean oil is generally a mixture of long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters composed of 0.15–0.20
mass fraction saturated esters (melting point [MP] ≫ 0 °C) mixed with unsaturated esters (MP < 0 °C). This work investigates
the crystallization properties of two saturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) commonly found in biodiesel from soybean oil.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating and cooling scans of methyl palmitate (MeC16), methyl stearate (MeC18) and
methyl oleate (MeC18:1) in pure form were analyzed. Crystallization behavior in ternary FAME mixtures was inferred by the
application of thermodynamic models based on ideal solution and freezing-point depression theories. Activity coefficients
for MeC16 and MeC18 in MeC18:1 solvent were determined by analyzing DSC cooling curves for binary FAME mixtures. Eutectic
points were predicted by both models. Crystallization onset temperatures inferred from freezing point depression theory were
more accurate than those for ideal solutions with respect to a direct DSC cooling curve analysis of corresponding ternary
mixtures. This work shows that the crystallization onset temperature (cloud point) of biodiesel may be predicted by freezing-point
depression theory if the activity coefficients of the component FAME are known.
The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such
use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by USDA or ARS of any product or service to the exclusion of others
that may be suitable. 相似文献
9.
Inmok Lee Lawrence A. Johnson Earl G. Hammond 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(5):631-636
Methyl soyate, made from typical soybean varieties, has a crystallization onset temperature (T
co) of 3.7°C and, as a biodiesel fuel, is prone to crystallization of its high-melting saturated methyl esters at cold operating
temperatures. Removal of saturated esters by winterization was assessed as a means of reducing theT
co of methyl soyate. Winterizing neat methyl esters of typical soybean oil produced aT
co of −7.1°C, but this was not an efficient way of removing saturated methyl esters because of the low yield (26%) of the separated
liquid fraction. However, aT
co of −6.5°C with 86% yield was obtained by winterizing the neat methyl esters of a low-palmitate soybean oil; aT
co of −5.8°C with 77% yield was obtained by winterizing methyl esters of normal soybean oil diluted with hexane. 相似文献
10.
Titipong Issariyakul Mangesh G. KulkarniAjay K. Dalai Narendra N. Bakhshi 《Fuel Processing Technology》2007
Transesterification of waste fryer grease (WFG) containing 5–6 wt.% free fatty acid (FFA) was carried out with methanol, ethanol, and mixtures of methanol/ethanol maintaining the oil to alcohol molar ratio of 1:6, and initially with KOH as a catalyst. Mixtures of methanol and ethanol were used for transesterification in order to use the better solvent property of ethanol and rapid equilibrium using methanol. Formation of soap by reaction of FFA present in WFG with KOH instigated difficulty in the separation of glycerol from biodiesel ester. To untangle this problem, two-stage (acid and alkali catalyzed) method was used for biodiesel synthesis. More than 90% ester was obtained when two-stage method was used compared to ∼ 50% ester in single stage alkaline catalyst. In the case of mixed alcohol, a relatively smaller amount of ethyl esters was formed along with methyl esters. Acid value, viscosity, and cetane number of all the esters prepared from WFG were within the range of the ASTM standard. Esters obtained from WFG showed good performance as a lubricity additive. 相似文献
11.
Carbonates are a class of compounds that have recently found increasing interest in commercial applications owing to their
physical properties and relatively straightforward synthesis. In this work, physical and fuel properties of five straight-chain
C17–39 and three branched C17–33 oleochemical carbonates were investigated. These properties included cetane number (CN), low-temperature properties, (kinematic)
viscosity, lubricity, and surface tension. The carbonates studied had CN ranging from 47 to 107 depending on carbon chain
length and branching. For the same number of carbons, the CN of carbonates were lower than those of FA alkyl esters owing
to interruption of the CH2 chain by the carbonate moiety. Kinematic viscosities at 40°C ranged from 4.9 to 22.6 mm2/s whereas m.p. ranged from +3 to below −50°C depending on the carbonate structure. High-frequency reciprocating rig testing
showed the neat carbonates to have acceptable lubricity that improved as chain length increased. Finally, the carbonate's
ability to influence cold-flow properties in biodiesel (methyl soyate) and lubricity in low-lubricity ultra-low sulfur diesel
were examined. The carbonates studied did not significantly affect cold flow or lubricity properties at concentrations up
to 10,000 ppm (1 wt%). The properties of the carbonates resemble those of fatty alkyl esters with similar trends resulting
from compound structure. 相似文献
12.
Bryan R. Moser Michael J. Haas Jill K. Winkler Michael A. Jackson Sevim Z. Erhan Gary R. List 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2007,109(1):17-24
Biodiesel, an alternative fuel derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, continues to undergo rapid worldwide growth. Specifications mandating biodiesel quality, most notably in Europe (EN 14214) and the USA (ASTM D6751), have emerged that limit feedstock choice in the production of biodiesel fuel. For instance, EN 14214 contains a specification for iodine value (IV; 120 g I2/100 g maximum) that eliminates soybean oil as a potential feedstock, as it generally has an IV >120. Therefore, partially hydrogenated soybean oil methyl esters (PHSME; IV = 116) were evaluated as biodiesel by measuring a number of fuel properties, such as oxidative stability, low‐temperature performance, lubricity, kinematic viscosity, and specific gravity. Compared to soybean oil methyl esters (SME), PHSME were found to have superior oxidative stability, similar specific gravity, but inferior low‐temperature performance, kinematic viscosity, and lubricity. The kinematic viscosity and lubricity of PHSME, however, were within the prescribed US and European limits. There is no universal value for low‐temperature performance in biodiesel specifications, but PHSME have superior cold flow behavior when compared to other alternative feedstock fuels, such as palm oil, tallow and grease methyl esters. The production of PHSME from refined soybean oil would increase biodiesel production costs by US$ 0.04/L (US$ 0.15/gal) in comparison to SME. In summary, PHSME are within both the European and American standards for all properties measured in this study and deserve consideration as a potential biodiesel fuel. 相似文献
13.
Mixed Alkyl Esters from Cottonseed Oil: Improved Biodiesel Properties and Blends with Diesel Fuel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hem Joshi Bryan R. Moser Terry Walker 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2012,89(1):145-153
Transesterification of refined cottonseed oil (CSO) was carried out with methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol, and various mixtures
of these alcohols to produce biodiesel. In the mixed alcohol transesterifications, formation of methyl esters was favored
over ethyl and butyl esters. The influence of ester head group on fuel properties was determined. Specifically, cold flow
properties, lubricity, and energy content improved in the order: CSO butyl esters (CSBE, best) > ethyl esters (CSEE) > methyl
esters (CSME). Higher kinematic viscosities (KVs) as well as lower iodine values (IVs) and wear scars were observed with larger
ester head groups. Blends of CSME, CSEE and CSBE exhibited properties intermediate to the neat esters. All ester samples were
within the limits prescribed in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 for cetane number, acid value (AV), glycerol (free and total) content,
sulfur, and phosphorous. Also examined was the influence of blending alkyl esters with petrodiesel. All blends exhibited improved
cold flow properties versus unblended alkyl esters. Enhanced lubricity was observed after blending. With increasing content
of biodiesel, higher KVs and lower energy contents were observed. Finally, all blends were within the limits specified in
ASTM D975 and D7467 for AV, KV and sulfur. 相似文献
14.
Yihuai Li Fengxian Qiu Dongya Yang Ping Sun Xiaohua Li 《Food and Bioproducts Processing》2012,90(2):135-140
Biodiesel produced by the transesterification reaction of soybean oil using potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalytic is a promising alternative fuel to diesel regarding the limited resources of fossil fuel and the environmental concerns. In order to decrease the operational temperature and increase the conversion efficiency of methanol, a novel idea was presented in which a co-solvent dichloromethane was added to the reactants. The results showed that the yield of methyl ester was improved when dichloromethane was coexistence. The effects of the co-solvent, molar ratio of methanol/oil, reaction temperature, and catalyst on the biodiesel conversion were investigated. With the optimal reaction temperature of 45 °C, methanol to oil ratio of 4.5:1, co-solvent dichloromethane of 4.0%, a 96% yield of methyl esters was observed in 2.0 h at the condition with 1.0 wt.% potassium hydroxide. The characterization and analysis of biodiesel were obtained by FT-IR, gas chromatograph and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission (ICP–OES) spectroscopy methods. The cetane number, flash point, cold filter plugging point, acid number, water content, ash content and total glycerol content were investigated. 相似文献
15.
Bryan R. Moser 《Fuel》2012,92(1):231-238
Refined hazelnut, walnut and high-oleic peanut oils were converted into fatty acid methyl esters using catalytic sodium methoxide and evaluated as potential biodiesel fuels. These feedstocks were of interest due to their lipid production potentials (780–1780 L ha?1 yr?1) and suitability for marginal lands. Methyl oleate was the principal constituent identified in hazelnut (HME; 76.9%) and peanut (PME; 78.2%) oil methyl esters. Walnut oil methyl esters (WME) were comprised primarily of methyl esters of linoleic (60.7%), oleic (15.1%) and linolenic (12.8%) acids. PME exhibited excellent oxidative stability (IP 21.1 h; EN 14112) but poor cold flow properties (CP 17.8 °C) due to its comparatively high content of very-long chain fatty esters. WME provided low derived cetane number and oxidative stability (IP 2.9 h) data as a result of its high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty esters. HME yielded a satisfactory balance between all fuel properties when compared to the biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 due to its high content of monounsaturated fatty esters. Also explored were the properties of blends of HME, PME and WME in ultra-low sulfur (<15 ppm) diesel (ULSD) fuel and comparison to petrodiesel standards ASTM D975, D7467 and EN 590. With increasing content of biodiesel, the oxidative stability, cold flow properties and calorific value of ULSD was negatively affected, whereas lubricity was markedly improved. Kinematic viscosity, specific gravity and surface tension were impacted to lesser extents by addition of biodiesel to ULSD. In summary, HME, PME and WME are suitable based on their fuel properties as biodiesel fuels and blend components in ULSD. 相似文献
16.
《Fuel》2007,86(7-8):1139-1143
In this study, biodiesel fuel and fuel additives were produced from crude tall oil that is a by-product in the pulp manufacturing by craft or sulphate pulping process. Fatty acids and resinic acids were obtained from crude tall oil by distillation method. Tall oil methyl ester (biodiesel) was produced from fatty acids. Resinic acids were reacted with NiO and MnO2 stoichiometrically for production of metallic fuel additives. Each metallic fuel additive was added at the rate of 8 μmol/l and 12 μmol/l to make mixtures of 60% tall oil methyl ester/40% diesel fuel (TE60) for preparing test fuels. Metallic fuel additives improved properties of biodiesel fuels, such as pour point and viscosity values. Biodiesel fuels were tested in an unmodified direct injection diesel engine at full load condition. Specific fuel consumption of biodiesel fuels increased by 6.00%, however, in comparison with TE60, it showed trend of decreasing with adding of additives. Exhaust emission profile of biodiesel fuels improved. CO emissions and smoke opacity decreased up to 64.28% and 30.91% respectively. Low NOx emission was also observed in general for the biodiesel fuels. 相似文献
17.
Temperature-dependent kinematic viscosity of selected biodiesel fuels and blends with diesel fuel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The kinematic viscosities of four biodiesel fuels—two natural soybean oil methyl esters, one genetically modified soybean
oil methyl ester, and one yellow grease methyl ester—and their 75, 50, and 25% blends with No. 2 diesel fuel were measured
in the temperature range from 20 to 100°C in steps of 20°C. The measurements indicated that all these fuels had viscosity-temperature
relationships similar to No. 2 diesel fuel, which followed the Vogel equation as expected. A weighted semilog blending equation
was developed in which the mass-based kinematic viscosity of the individual components was used to compute the mixture viscosity.
A weight factor of 1.08 was applied to biodiesel fuel to account for its effect on the mixture viscosity. The average absolute
deviation achieved with this method was 2.1%, which was better than the uncorrected mass average blending equation that had
an average absolute deviation of 4.5%. The relationship between the viscosity and the specific gravity of biodiesel fuels
was studied. A method that could estimate the viscosity from the specific gravity of biodiesel fuel was developed. The average
absolute deviation for all the samples using this method was 2.7%. The accuracy of this method was comparable to the weighted
mass-based semilog blending equation. 相似文献
18.
Biodiesel is currently considered as the most promising substitute for diesel fuel because of its similar properties to diesel. This study presents the use of the supercritical methanol method in the production of biodiesel from Croton megalocarpus oil. The reaction parameters such as methanol‐to‐oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time were varied to obtain the optimal reaction conditions by design of experiment, specifically, response surface methodology based on three‐variable central composite design with α = 2. It has been shown that it is possible to achieve methyl ester yields as high as 74.91 % with reaction conditions such as 50:1 methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio, 330 °C reaction temperature and a reaction period of 20 min. However, Croton‐based biodiesel did not sustain higher temperatures due to decomposition of polyunsaturated methyl linoleate, which is dominant in biodiesel. Lower yields were observed when higher temperatures were used during the optimization process. The supercritical methanol method showed competitive biodiesel yields when compared with catalytic methods. 相似文献
19.
James W. Lane Kurt Hukriede Adam Jersett Damodar Koirala Dan Levings Aaron Stewart Michael A. Waxman 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2012,89(4):721-725
We report on the preparation and selected properties of some new biodiesels which we synthesized from oils of plants growing
in Northern Wisconsin and Minnesota. The composition and the low-temperature properties such as crystallization onset T
c and end of melting T
m investigated with the help of differential scanning calorimetry are presented. Some of these biodiesels exhibited remarkably
good low-temperature characteristics. In order to further improve these properties, we use a variety of alcohols during the
transesterification process, including isopropyl, 2-butyl, and isoamyl alcohols. Using several parameters such as oil content
and crystallization onset temperature T
c, plant species that appear most promising have been identified, among those highbush cranberry (T
c ≈ −31 °C for its methyl esters, T
c ≈ −41 °C for its 2-butyl esters), dotted horsemint (T
c ≈ −17 °C for its methyl esters, T
c ≈ −40 °C for its 2-butyl esters), and American hazelnut (T
c ≈ −19 °C for its methyl esters, T
c
≈ −30 °C for its 2-butyl esters). 相似文献
20.
Robert O. Dunn 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2011,88(12):1977-1987
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel and fuel extender easily derived from vegetable oil or animal fat. In 2006, the US Environmental
Protection Agency mandated that maximum sulfur content of diesel fuels be reduced to 15 ppm to protect catalysts employed
in exhaust after-treatment devices. Processing to produce this ultra-low sulfur petrodiesel (ULSD) alters fuel lubricity,
density, cold flow, viscosity, and other properties. Consequently, there is a need to develop a better understanding of the
basic fuel properties of biodiesel/ULSD blends. This work evaluates the effects of biodiesel volumetric blend ratio (V
BD) on cloud point (CP), kinematic viscosity (ν), specific gravity (SG), and refractive index (RI) of blends with petrodiesel. Properties measured for various blends of
methyl esters of soybean oil (SME) and used cooking oil (UCOME) in ULSD were compared with those for blends with low sulfur
(≤500 ppm) petrodiesel fuel (LSD). With respect to increasing V
BD, CP and SG increased and RI decreased with each parameter demonstrating a linear correlation. In contrast, ν showed a curvilinear
relationship with respect to increasing V
BD. Calibration curves were derived from regression analyses to determine V
BD in biodiesel/ULSD blends from measurements of each individual property. While the models had generally high coefficients
of regression (R
2 > 0.986), SG models were most accurate for predicting V
BD to within 1.3 vol%. 相似文献