DTN中基于地理位置信息的备用副本转发算法*

针对容迟容断网络(Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks, DTN)缺乏稳定的端到端连接、时延大和节点资源有限的特点,设计了一种基于广播的地理位置信息共享模型,提出了基于地理位置信息的备用副本转发算法。在不依托GPRS基站的条件下,将GPRS与DTN结合,为最优转发节点的选取提供位置信息;在消息副本转发失败时,备用副本选取新的转发节点,转发成功后,删除备用副本。仿真结果表明,算法在递交率、平均时延和网络开销方面表现优于Spray and Wait等对比算法,在车载自组网中具有很强的应用性。     

城市非连通车载自组网中低时延路由协议

针对城市车载自组网具有路径寿命短、网络非连通的特点,设计一个低时延路由协议。该协议根据车辆密度建立时延模型,将路由分为路段转发和路口转发2个阶段,路口转发选择时延最小的路径进行路由。实验结果表明,该协议能在城市非连通的车载自组网中达到较高的分组投递率和较低的传输时延。     

DTN中基于两跳ACK确认机制的备用副本转发算法

针对容迟容断网络(Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks,DTN)在遇到路由空洞问题时缺乏有效回避路由空洞区域的方法,导致信息端到端传输时延较大的问题,提出一种基于两跳ACK确认机制的备用副本转发算法。消息在空洞区域无法传播时由上一跳节点寻找其他符合条件的节点,另辟路径转发消息,从而避开路由空洞区域。仿真实验结果表明,该算法在递交率、平均时延和网络开销方面表现优于Spray and Wait等对比算法,在车载自组网中具有很强的应用性。     

基于多描述编码和距离的车载网DSR路由技术研究

研究了车载自组网中基于多描述编码技术和车载节点间通信距离的按需路由DSR技术.针对车载自组网络拓扑的动态变化、车辆高速运动、车辆运行方向及其速度不可预知等特点,基于Ad Hoc网络按需路由协议DSR,研究了一种能较好地应用于车载自组网路由技术.该技术采用多描述编码技术和车载节点剩余能量改进了DSR的路由发现和回复过程....     

车载自组网中基于备用副本回退机制的路由优化算法

针对车载自组网在不良道路环境中通信质量不佳的问题,提出一种路由优化算法。借助车载全球定位系统和电子地图设备获取车辆的速度、移动方向及车辆间的相对位置等信息,计算并选取理论上最可靠的通信路径进行消息传递。当消息传递因外界地形环境阻碍无法顺利进行时,利用备用副本回退机制避开通信障碍区,提高通信可靠性。仿真结果表明,与无线自组网按需平面距离矢量路由协议相比,该算法在数据包投递率、链路断开次数、路由发现频率等方面性能较优,并且能保证车载自组网的通信质量。     

基于车辆自组网络的分布式自主导航系统

针对交通拥堵和道路安全问题,在车载自组网路由协议改进和实现的基础上,提出一种基于车辆自组网络的分布式智能交通服务系统,实现邻域动态路况展示、突发交通事故预警和交通图片视频信息分发等自主交通导航服务。与传统后台计算动态交通服务实现方式相比,车辆自组网能较好地发挥其在车辆问直接交互交通、安全、娱乐等实时信息的优势。     

社会感知多副本车载自组织网络机会路由协议

为提高车载自组织网络(vehicular Ad hoc networks, VANETs)中消息投递的效率, 提出了一种社会感知多副本车载自组织网络机会路由协议(SAMOR)。协议结合了车载自组织网络中节点的社会性特点和多副本路由方案的优势, 采用携带—存储—转发的机会路由方式进行消息投递。利用节点间的相遇历史区分社区节点和全局节点, 并使用所提出的节点社区中心性和网络中心性的度量方法, 得到了节点的效用。在路由过程的扩散阶段, 节点间按效用分配副本, 在转发阶段, 副本继续向效用高的节点转发。仿真结果表明, SAMOR实现了较高的消息投递成功率和较低的延迟。     

基于车载自组网通信终端和运动信息的容忍时延网络分簇路由算法

针对复杂战场环境下用户终端间缺少稳定的端到端通信路径的问题,提出一种基于车载自组网（VANET）通信终端和运动信息的容忍时延网络（DTN）分簇路由算法——CVCTM。首先,完成了基于簇头选举的分簇算法研究;然后,根据跳数、转发方式和地理位置信息开展了簇内源车辆路由选择算法研究;其次,通过引入等待时间、重发次数阈值和下游簇头,实现了异簇间源车辆路由选择;最后,通过车载自组网的通信终端选择与上级指挥所通信的最佳方式。ONE仿真的实验结果表明,CVCTM与无线自组网按需平面距离向量路由协议（AODV）相比,消息投递率增加了近5%,网络开销减少了近10%,簇结构重组次数减少了近25%;与基于传统分簇路由（CBRP）算法和动态源路由（DSR）协议相比,消息投递率增加了近10%,网络开销减少了近25%,簇结构重组次数减少了近40%。CVCTM能够有效减少网络开销和簇结构重组次数,同时增加消息投递率。     

车载自组网单播路由协议对比分析

为了掌握车载自组网单播路由协议面临的主要问题,了解影响路由协议的重要因素,需要对主要的车载自组网单播路由协议的特征、工作模式和协议使用的路由信息进行定性分析;通过分析有代表性的单播路由协议,提出了车载环境中较为重要的5种有效信息;通过NS2仿真实验定量分析车载环境中有效信息所起的作用。同时分析了路口信号灯、车辆密度对AODV、GeocastEnhancedAODV和GPSR这3种典型协议的影响,并提出充分利用位置、道路信息和车辆行驶特征是车载自组网单播路由协议改进的方向。     

用于城市交通环境的改进型车载路由优化方法

为了优化城市交通环境中车载自组织网络中路由协议的链路存活时间、吞吐量等性能指标,在拓扑反应式路由协议的基础上,引入车载网络节点的位置信息,设计基于动态实时位置信息变化的车载路由协议优化模型M-AODV。该模型按照十字路口车辆优先和相对位置为同方向节点优先转发的原则,根据路由信息表中位置信息区分转发控制包,并给出该路由算法的面向C++语言的UML建模图及其算法流程图。通过NS2仿真平台仿真表明,与传统的路由模型相比,该模型优化了VANETs网络中链路存活时间、时延、吞吐量等性能指标。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.