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无 《酒.饮料技术装备》2021,(1)
近年,含酒精气泡水在全球饮料市场上非常成功,例如2019年,美国的销售额增长了200%。这一趋势仍然没有改变,2020年3月至5月美国销售额达到了10亿美元,2021年预计达到35亿美元。通常,含酒精气泡水是一种充满气泡的基酒精饮料,具有多种风味。它被认为是低碳水化合物,比其他饮料卡路里更少。 相似文献
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摘 要: 抗疲劳功能型饮料能够补充能量、缓解运动疲劳已被广泛认可。同传统的碳水化合物饮料相比, 碳水化合物—蛋白质饮料对提高耐力运动员表现主要得益于其水合作用强、耐热性能高、抗疲劳显著等特点。近年来, 含蛋白质混合物的碳水化合物饮品价值被不断挖掘。本文概括了传统碳水化合物和碳水化合物—蛋白质饮料的不同, 补充蛋白质对耐力训练影响的证据, 综述了运动训练中补充蛋白质对耐力训练成绩、抗阻运动训练最大力量增加的影响及碳水化合物—蛋白质饮料提高耐力运动员表现的潜在优势。提出运动训练中补充含适量蛋白质混合物的碳水化合物饮品对提高耐力运动员的表现主要是通过运动适应生理机制反映出来。其具体从能量代谢和血液循环、骨骼肌肉与神经控制、运动适应与运动应激三个方面提高运动表现。最后, 结合运动实践进行展望, 为运动训练中补充碳水化合物—蛋白质饮料提供参考。 相似文献
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美国第3563762号专利记载着一种可以瓶装贮藏,又无腐败之虞的大豆饮料。这种饮料营养非常丰富、味美,且呈甜香型,适宜与其它香料组合。制造这种饮料的多脂质大豆粉的组分如下: 蛋白质 45% 脂 肪 20% 灰 分 5% 纤 维 3% 其它碳水化合物 23% 水 分 4% 上述“碳水化合物”一项,指大豆本身所含有的、而非添加的碳水化合物。 相似文献
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目前美国研制成一种新饮料,是专供运动员饮用的。运动员通过饮用这种饮料能使身体在激烈运动前摄入适量的碳水化合物。这种饮料是一种速溶等渗的高能饮 相似文献
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《中外食品工业》2005,(12):42-43
饮料--即饮冰茶 虽然很多人认为即饮冰茶属于饮料的种自然健康的子分类,但是仍旧存在提升的空间.在子分类中,"better for you"产品继续名列前茅,在低摄八、有机、不含防腐剂和经过强化的茶方面的增加吸引了众多关注健康的顾客.同时,在美国,低碳水化合物种类不断增加,已经满足了很多低碳水化合物减肥者的要求.大量的即饮冰茶的配制都是以绿茶为主,这种绿茶自然、非常的健康.但是,我们仍旧发现在先进的制造过程中,注八养分和天然成分以增强茶的天然健康特性,据称可以从内到外保护和增强体质.尽管我们发现已经出现了很多更具创新且与众不同的口味,例如巧克力和可乐,但还是以水果为主,特别强调了柠檬味.在包装方面,创新受到了限制,出于携带性、实用性和便利性方面的考虑,瓶子和铁罐仍旧是最普遍的容器. 相似文献
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Objectives
To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.Design
Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.Main outcome measure
Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.Results
The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.Conclusions
In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.6 Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.7 In Ukraine, two studies3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine. 相似文献16.
了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。 相似文献
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R. B. Sashidhar Y. Ramakrishna Ramesh V. Bhat 《Journal of Stored Products Research》1992,28(4):257-260
Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low. 相似文献
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目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45%,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50%和8.22%,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02%、1.11%和0.87%.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33%,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84%,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89%,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67%,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00%,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11%.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管. 相似文献