碳芯结构LiFePO_4/C复合材料的表征及电化学性能

采用环氧树脂为碳源制备出碳芯结构LiFePO4/C复合材料.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X光电子能谱等分别对复合材料的晶体结构、表面形貌及表面成分进行表征,采用恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗方法研究试样的电化学性能.实验结果表明:碳芯结构复合材料是由无定形碳线和纳米LiFePO4颗粒组成.碳芯结构LiFePO4/C复合材料在15mA/g的电流密度下,首次放电容量达到166mAh/g,当电流密度增加到750mA/g,放电容量高达131mAh/g,经过50次循环后,容量保持率高达99.2%.     

以Fe2O3为原料通过水热–高温煅烧法合成LiFePO4/C纳米复合材料及其电化学性能研究（英文）

采用三氧化二铁(Fe2O3)为铁源,抗坏血酸作碳源,通过在200℃下水热反应并经煅烧后合成出LiFePO4/C纳米复合材料.抗坏血酸在水热反应体系中不但作为最终反应产物的碳源,而且还起到了限制LiFePO4颗粒生长的作用.抗坏血酸的用量对产物的形貌、结构、碳含量有重要影响,进而影响产物的电化学性能.当抗坏血酸用量为1 g时,制得的LiFePO4/C纳米复合材料的粒径在220～280 nm.该材料用作锂离子电池的正极材料时,在0.1C的电流密度下循环500次后其放电容量仍保持159 mAh/g,并且具有较好的倍率性能.     

用碳热还原法制备LiFePO4/C复合正极材料

以Fe2O3为铁源,以葡萄糖为碳添加剂,利用碳热还原法成功地制备了LiFePO4/C复合材料.研究了不同焙烧温度对样品性能的影响.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和碳硫(质量分数)分析方法对所得样品的晶体结构、表面形貌、含碳量进行分析研究.研究结果表明,样品中碳含量(质量分数)为10%的LiFePO4/C复合材料为单一的橄榄石型晶体结构, 碳的加入使LiFePO4 颗粒粒径减小.碳分散于晶体颗粒之间,增强了颗粒之间的导电性.电化学性能测试结果表明,LiFePO4/C充放电性能和循环性能都得到显著改善.其中,碳含量为10%在700℃下焙烧8h合成出的样品电化学性能最佳,在0.1、0.5和1C倍率下放电,LiFePO4/C首次放电比容量达159.3、137.0、130.6mAh/g,充放电循环30次,容量只衰减了2.2%、5.3%、7.6%.其表现出良好的循环性能.     

溶胶机械活化及其溶剂对LiFePO4/C结构和电化学性能的影响

本文在溶胶凝胶法制备碳包覆LiFePO4/C锂离子电池正极材料的基础上,对溶胶进行机械球磨活化以进一步优化LiFePO4/C复合材料的结构和形貌,并通过原位引入Fe2P等方法,提高其高倍率性能。采用XRD、SEM、元素分析等材料结构测试分析方法和恒电流充放电及电化学阻抗谱电化学测试技术,对溶胶机械活化及不同溶胶溶剂对LiFePO4/C材料结构和电化学性能的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,机械活化能有效减小LiFePO4/C颗粒的尺寸及改善其分散性,并能改变Fe2P相的含量。溶胶机械活化处理后的LiFePO4/C在不同倍率下的放电容量明显增加。相对于蒸馏水,乙醇作为溶胶溶剂获得的LiFePO4/C材料具有更好的倍率性能,其在1C和10C的容量分别达到136mAh/g和90mAh/g。     

喷雾干燥碳热还原法制备Li3V2PO43/C正极材料及其电化学性能

采用喷雾干燥-碳热还原法制备了Li3V2(PO4)3/C正极材料.考察了不同喷雾条件对产物组成及电化学性能的影响.通过XRD、SEM、TEM和电化学性能测试方法等进行了表征.结果表明:通过二次喷雾干燥制备的前驱体,经过750℃热处理12h制得了平均粒径小于0.5μm 的Li3V2(PO4)3/C复合材料.在室温下,C/5、1C和5C倍率的放电比容量分别为121.9、114.6和104.6mAh·g-1,50次循环后,容量保持率均接近100%,几乎无衰减,具有优异的循环稳定性和容量保持率.     

LiFePO4的前驱体制备与性能

以Fe2(SO4)3、H3PO4和NH3·H2O为原料,采用控制结晶法制备了多孔的前驱体FePO4·xH2O.通过研究pH值和合成时间对前驱体的物相结构、成分、表面形貌、粒度、比表面积和振实密度的影响,发现在pH=2.1的条件下反应8h制备的前驱体性能最佳.将前驱体、Li2CO3及葡萄糖均匀混合,用碳热还原法合成了LiFePO4/C,结果表明,以pH=2.1时制备的前驱体为原料合成的LiFePO4/C在0.1C时的首次放电比容量为156mAh/g,其振实密度高达1.20g/cm3.     

正极材料磷酸铁锂的二次掺碳改性研究

提出了一种二次掺碳制备锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4/C复合材料的合成方法。实验结果表明不同阶段掺碳对合成LiFePO4/C复合材料的晶型没有影响,但对其电化学性能影响明显,二次掺碳能有效地提高容量和改善材料的稳定性;当蔗糖二次加入量为碳与磷酸铁锂质量比为3%(质量分数)时,样品颗粒细小且均匀,同时电化学性能最好,在0.2C倍率下首次放电比容量为161.19mA.h/g,循环20次后仍保持在153.68mA.h/g。     

水热法合成LiFePO4的掺碳改性研究

以LiOH、FeSO4和H3PO4为原料,采用水热法合成了结晶性良好的LiFePO4颗粒。在此基础上,以葡萄糖为碳源,掺入不同量的碳,形成LiFePO4/C复合材料。样品经过XRD、SEM、恒流充放电测试、EIS表征,结果表明,掺碳提高了LiFePO4的比容量、循环性能和锂离子的扩散动力学性能。电化学测试表明,LiFePO4/C放电比容量开始随着碳含量的增加而上升,随后降低。其中,3%碳含量的LiFePO4/C样品具有最佳的放电性能,0.1C倍率下达到145mAh/g,0.2C倍率下达到142mAh/g,50次循环后仅衰减0.7%。     

烧结方式对LiFePO4/C复合正极材料电化学性能的影响

对LiFePO4/C复合前驱体,分别采用静态氮气气氛,动态氮气气氛及静态真空三种烧结方式进行碳热还原合成LiFePO4/C复合正极材料.采用XRD、SEM、CV和充放电循环测试等方法分析和表征材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能.结果表明,烧结方式对所得材料的结晶度、晶粒大小、碳含量、合成温度以及电化学性能均有显著影响.真空烧结所得材料结晶度高,而动态气氛烧结对材料颗粒细化及均匀化都有积极影响,同时也能有效促进锂离子扩散动力学.动态气氛烧结可将材料的烧结温度降低到500℃,且所得材料表现出优异的电化学性能.0.5C倍率下循环首次放电比容量达到163.4 mAh/g,50次循环后容量保持率为99.02%.     

两步掺杂合成法制备LiFePO4-C复合材料及其性能

通过两步掺杂碳采用高温固相反应法合成了锂离子电池正极LiFePO4-C复合材料.利用SEM、XRD、TG/DTA等方法对该正极材料的晶体结构、表面形貌、粒径大小和热反应进行了分析研究.实验结果表明,LiFePO4-C具有单一的橄榄石结构,前驱体掺杂14%(质量分数)、预分解后掺杂6%(质量分数)葡萄糖合成的材料具有良好的充放电性能和循环稳定性能.在0.1C倍率下进行充放电测试,首次放电比容量可达158.5mA·h/g,具有良好的电化学性能.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.