洗衣机专用料质量改进

针对洗衣机专用料M30RH牌号刚韧平衡性不足的现状及原因进行分析,提出改进的比选方案,最终选择采用共聚反应更佳的催化剂B以及综合性能较好的外给电子体C用于洗衣机专用料产品质量的改进。通过比较M30RHI和M30RH两种牌号的生产过程和产品质量以及根据下游用户对产品质量反馈,发现M30RHI牌号刚韧平衡性改善明显,洗衣机专用料质量改进获得成功。     

不同催化剂对茂名大中空料等温结晶性能影响

针对茂名石化采用进口催化剂生产的高密度聚乙烯TR571M,在200 L大桶专用上存在刚韧平衡性差的问题,装置改用国产新型催化剂用于生产TR571M。我们通过采用差示扫描量热仪,对不同催化剂的TR571M进行了等温结晶动力学表征研究,实验结果表明,使用国产催化剂的TR571M,其达到最大结晶速率时的时间和半结晶时间缩短了近20%,结晶速率提高近50%,改善了TR571M的刚韧平衡性,同时由等温结晶过程中得到的Avrami指数n知道,国产催化剂不改变TR571M晶体的生长方式。     

热成型用透明PP的工业开发

在生产无规共聚聚丙烯(PP)的基础上,添加少量的成核剂,生产出热成型用透明PP;探讨了乙烯含量、成核剂的种类及添加量对专用树脂性能的影响.结果表明:产品具有高透明性,适宜的刚韧平衡性;常温简支梁缺口冲击强度为19～21 kJ/m2弯曲模量1.11 GPa;耐热性能较好,热变形温度85℃.专用树脂的性能达到国外同类产品的水平.     

高流动抗冲PP专用料EP5040工业试生产

结合中沙(天津)石化有限公司450kt/a聚丙烯(PP)装置的工艺特点,选择氢调法试生产高流动抗冲PP EP5040粉料,同时添加专用添加剂得到刚韧平衡性较好的PP产品。随着产品性能进一步的完善,该产品将满足国内家电领域的需要,占领市场,缓解该类产品大量依靠进口的现状。     

高流动抗冲共聚PP M3000RH的合成

采用氢调法在200 kt/a国产环管聚丙烯(PP)装置上合成了高流动抗冲共聚PP M3000RH。用红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、凝胶渗透色谱仪等表征了该产品的结构和性能,并与采用降解法生产的同类抗冲共聚PP做了对比。结果表明:合成的M3000RH具有良好的抗冲击性能、柔韧性能和抗氧化能力,低温简支梁缺口冲击强度达到3.4 J/m,弯曲模量达到1 402 MPa,氧化诱导期达到20.47 min。     

茂名中空吹塑树脂产品的性能研究

通过使用凝胶渗透色谱仪、差示扫描量热仪和旋转流变仪等综合分析了国内外几种高密度聚乙烯中空吹塑树脂的结构及性能,结果表明茂名石化公司生产的新产品TR571M,其各项性能如物理性能、力学性能、加工流变性能等都好,与同类树脂相比,刚韧平衡性好,可单独用于生产200 L的大桶以及中空吹塑托盘。     

环管工艺氢调法生产高熔体流动速率抗冲击共聚PP M30RH

在双环管反应器与气相反应器串联的聚丙烯(PP)装置上,通过非对称给电子体注入技术,利用氢调法并控制气相反应器中乙烯含量以及乙烯气与乙烯和丙烯混合气的摩尔比,使产品中橡胶相含量合理,最终生产出刚性和韧性相对平衡的高熔体流动速率(30.0 g/10 min)、抗冲击共聚PP M30RH。M30RH在-20℃时的缺口冲击强度达3.9 kJ/m2以上,弯曲模量可达1 200 MPa以上,各项性能均达到国内同类产品水平,产品得到用户认可并应用于多个领域。     

快速成型耐翘曲PP树脂的开发

采用添加成核剂的方法开发了快速成型耐翘曲聚丙烯树脂QP73N.测试结果表明,QP73N耐翘曲、刚韧平衡性高、耐热性好,结晶速率快,可有效缩短制品的成型周期,提高生产效率20%～30%.     

高流动抗冲共聚聚丙烯的结构与性能

对国内外3种高流动抗冲共聚聚丙烯的相对分子质量分布、乙烯含量、力学性能、热性能和流变性能进行表征与分析。结果表明：PP1相对分子质量分布较窄,乙烯含量较低,其弯曲模量、拉伸强度和冲击强度分别达到1 627 MPa,29.0 MPa,6.2 kJ/m²,表现出更为优良的刚韧平衡性;PP3由于乙烯含量较高,所以刚性明显不足;PP1的半结晶时间最短,为0.83 s,可有效缩短制品的成型周期,提高生产效率;PP3由于相对分子质量大,相对分子质量分布较宽,分子链的缠结程度更大,因此,结晶能力最弱;3种高流动抗冲共聚聚丙烯的加工流变性能基本一致,可在相同加工工艺条件下加工成型。     

改性CaCO_3晶须对PP结晶行为和力学性能的影响

分别采用硬脂酸、钛酸酯、铝酸酯3种偶联剂对CaCO3晶须进行湿法处理,并与聚丙烯(PP)进行熔融共混。通过力学性能、差式扫描量热仪(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试,研究了不同偶联剂表面处理的CaCO3晶须对PP的结构与性能的影响。结果表明:铝酸酯改性晶须与PP具有良好的相容性和热稳定性并且随着铝酸酯改性晶须添加量的增加,PP结晶能力先上升后下降。当铝酸酯改性晶须添加量为PP基体质量的10%时,PP具有优良的刚韧平衡性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。