PA6/LDPE/PE-g-MAH共混纳米纤维的制备及结构研究

采用共混海岛纺丝法制备聚酰胺6/低密度聚乙烯/聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(PA6/LDPE/PE-g-MAH)共混纤维,溶解剥离出LDPE基体相,可制备出PA6纳米纤维;研究了共混物的组成和纺丝条件对共混纤维的相结构、结晶、力学性能及PA6纳米纤维直径的影响。结果表明:随着共混物中PA6分散相含量增加,PA6纳米纤维的直径逐渐增大;PA6质量分数从30%增加至60%时,PA6纳米纤维平均直径由107 nm增至149nm;PA6质量分数为70%时,由于相逆转无法得到PA6纳米纤维;在PA6质量分数为55%条件下,提高拉伸倍数,PA6纳米纤维的直径进一步降低,且结晶度、力学性能增加。     

LDPE熔体粘度对PA6/LDPE超细纤维形貌的影响

以PA6/LDPE非相容体系进行共混纺丝,得到以PA6为分散相,LDPE为连续相的基体微纤型结构,用有机溶剂甲苯溶除LDPE制得PA6的超细纤维,并用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了其形貌。结果表明,在PA6/LDPE共混物中,PA6均匀分散在连续相LDPE形成海岛结构,且分散相尺寸较小,所制得的PA6超细纤维直径也较小;熔体粘度较低的LDPE更易溶于甲苯溶剂,且更易得到含PA6更高组成比的超细纤维。     

聚苯硫醚纳米纤维的制备及其结构性能研究

以聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚酰胺6(PA6)为原料,采用共混熔融纺丝法制备出PPS/PA6共混海岛纤维,用甲酸溶解剥离基体相PA6,制得纳米PPS纤维;研究了PPS/PA6共混体系的流变性能以及PPS含量、螺杆转速对共混物及PPS纳米纤维的结构、性能的影响。结果表明:PPS/PA6共混物的纺丝温度为290℃;随着PPS含量增加,共混物中PPS岛相直径增加,分布变宽,PPS质量分数应小于60%;当共混物中PPS质量分数由20%增至55%时,PPS纳米纤维平均直径由104 nm升至150 nm;加工过程中,适当提高螺杆转速有利于PPS纳米纤维直径细化和均匀化,当螺杆转速由20 r/min增至60 r/min时,其平均直径由180 nm降至122nm;PPS与PA6共混后,两种聚合物结晶速率均提高,且得到的PPS纳米纤维结晶度约22%,高于纯PPS纤维的结晶度。     

超支化聚合物对PA6及其纤维性能的影响

将聚己内酰胺(PA6)与超支化聚合物(HBP)共混造粒、纺丝,研究了PA6/HBP共混物的流变性能及共混纤维的力学性能。结果表明:PA6/HBP共混物为非牛顿性假塑性流体,其表观黏度随着剪切速率的增大而减小;随着HBP含量增大,共混物非牛顿流动指数降低,剪切速率上升,加工温度降低;共混物黏流活化能随着HBP含量的增大而增大;PA6/HBP共混物较PA6结晶度提高,球晶明显细化;当w(HBP)为1.0%时,PA6/HBP共混纤维的断裂强度较纯PA6纤维略有降低,随着HBP含量的增加,共混纤维的力学性能明显降低。     

耐油性PA6/NBR共混物的制备与性能研究

采用不同种类的丁腈橡胶(NBR)与聚酰胺6(PA6)熔融共混制备了聚酰胺6/丁腈橡胶混合物(PA6/NBR),考察了共混过程中转矩值的变化,并研究了不同腈基含量共混物的拉伸性能及耐溶剂性能。结果表明,随着橡胶相含量的增加,共混物的熔体黏度、体积溶胀率与质量溶胀率均显著提高,但拉伸强度下降。红外光谱分析表面NBR与PA6在高温高剪切作用下存在微化学反应,并且随腈基含量的增加,PA6/NBR共混物的平衡转矩值增大,拉伸强度明显提高,耐溶剂性下降。     

芳香族支链聚酰胺6的制备及共混纺丝研究

通过添加均苯四甲酸二酐水解聚合工艺制备芳香族支链聚酰胺6(PA6),采用熔融共混制备芳香族支链PA6/Ti O2母粒,然后与线型PA6共混纺丝,经拉伸后得到含芳香族支链PA6的共混纤维;研究了均苯四甲酸二酐含量对芳香族支链PA6流动性及热学性能的影响,以及芳香族支链PA6对芳香族支链PA6/Ti O2共混物结晶行为、可纺性及纤维力学性能等的影响。结果表明:随着均苯四甲酸二酐含量的添加,芳香族支链PA6的相对黏度逐渐降低,熔体流动指数增大,流动性增加,而结晶熔融温度逐渐降低;含芳香族支链PA6的共混体系纺丝温度较纯PA6降低4℃,芳香族支链PA6有助于提高PA6的可纺性,且纤维力学性能较好,含质量分数8%芳香族支链PA6的共混纤维的断裂强度为2.8 c N/dtex,断裂伸长率为45.4%。     

高流动性PA 6超细纤维的制备及其性能研究

采用自制的高流动性聚己内酰胺(HPA 6)、普通聚己内酰胺(PA 6)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为原料,通过共混纺丝法分别制备HPA 6/LDPE定岛纤维和HPA 6/PA 6/LDPE不定岛纤维,溶解去除LDPE,得到一系列HPA 6超细纤维;研究了HPA 6的可纺性及其超细纤维的线密度、力学性能、染色性能等。结果表明:由于HPA 6在纺丝温度下较好的流动性和高支化结构及大量末端基团,HPA 6可纺性良好;HPA 6/LDPE质量比为70/30时,157.4 dtex/36 fHPA 6超细纤维断裂强度为3.85 c N/dtex,断裂伸长率为14%,染色深度为1.809,色牢度达5级;HPA 6超细纤维的力学性能和染色性能优异,与PA 6超细纤维性能相当,可拓展其在纤维领域的应用。     

含磷超支化聚合物共混改性PA6的性能研究

以尼龙(PA)6为基体树脂,含磷超支化聚酰胺(HBPA)为改性剂,通过熔融挤出制备了PA6/HBPA共混物。采用毛细管流变仪、力学性能测试、极限氧指数(LOI)测试及热重(TG)分析研究了HBPA含量对共混物流变性能、力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,随HBPA含量的增加,共混物熔体的非牛顿指数逐渐接近于1,熔体向牛顿流体转变;熔体表观黏度下降,加工性能得到改善;熔体黏流活化能增大,对温度的敏感性变强。加入少量的HBPA能够提高PA6的力学性能,当HBPA质量分数为0.5%时共混物拉伸强度最大,由纯PA6的62.6 MPa增加到72.4 MPa,当HBPA质量分数为1%时,断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度最大,分别由纯PA6的228.3%和19.8 kJ/m2提高到284.7%和24.5 kJ/m2。LOI测试和TG分析表明,HBPA可通过促进凝聚相成炭,提高PA6的阻燃性,当HBPA质量分数为1.5%时,共混物的LOI最大,达到28.4%。     

玉石粉/PET共混切片流变性能及可纺性研究

将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和玉石粉按一定质量比例共混熔融,制备出含玉石粉质量分数为0~1.8%的玉石粉/PET共混切片(简称共混切片)。分析了玉石粉含量对共混切片的流变性能、可纺性及玉石粉/PET预取向丝(POY)力学性能的影响。结果表明:随剪切速率的增加,共混切片黏度下降,其熔体为切力变稀流体;在相同剪切速率下,随着玉石粉含量增加,共混切片表观黏度变小,提高熔体温度,共混切片表观黏度变小;纺丝过程中,玉石粉质量分数超过1%时,断头现象增加;采用合适的喷丝孔孔径,有利于改善熔体的可纺性;随着玉石粉含量增加,纤维断裂强度和断裂伸长率都显著减少。     

化学交联PP/LDPE共混材料的熔体强度及发泡性能

通过化学交联提高聚丙烯/低密度聚乙烯(PP/LDPE)共混物的熔体强度,并对交联PP/LDPE共混物的发泡性能进行了研究.结果表明:交联PP/LDPE共混物熔体在拉伸过程中出现明显的应变硬化现象,熔体强度明显提高;采用交联PP/LDPE共混物可制得泡孔均匀、性能良好的闭孔泡沫材料;随着LDPE含量的增加,交联PP/LDPE共混物的凝胶含量逐渐增加,熔体流动速率(MFR)减小;随着发泡剂用量的增加,交联PP/LDPE共混物泡沫的密度逐渐减小,泡孔孔径略有增大;随着泡沫密度的减小,泡沫材料的拉伸强度、压缩强度及压缩永久变形逐渐减小,拉伸断裂伸长率基本不变.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。