Experimental architecture of joint remote state preparation

Motivated by some previous joint remote preparation schemes, we first propose some quantum circuits and photon circuits that two senders jointly prepare an arbitrary one-qubit state to a remote receiver via GHZ state. Then, by constructing KAK decomposition of some transformation in SO(4), one quantum circuit is constructed for jointly preparing an arbitrary two-qubit state to the remote receiver. Furthermore, some deterministic schemes of jointly preparing one-qubit and two-qubit states are presented. Besides, the proposed schemes are extended to multi-sender and the partially entangled quantum resources.     

Cyclic joint remote state preparation in noisy environment

We propose a scheme of cyclic joint remote state preparation for three sides, which takes advantage of three GHZ states to compose product state as quantum channel. Suppose there are six legitimate participants, says Alice, Bob, Charlie, David, Emma and Fred in the scheme. It can be shown that Alice and David can remotely prepare a single-qubit state on Bob’s side; meanwhile, Bob and Emma can remotely prepare a desired quantum state on Charlie’s side, and Charlie and Fred can also remotely prepare a single-qubit state on Alice’s side at the same time. Further, it can be achieved in the opposite direction of the cycle by changing the quantum channel. Based on it, we generalize this protocol to \(N (N\ge 3)\) sides utilizing three multi-qubit GHZ-type states as quantum channel. Therefore, the scheme can achieve cyclic joint remote state preparation, which remotely prepares N states in quantum network with N-party, simultaneously. In addition, we consider that the effect of amplitude-damping noise of the initial states is prepared in four different laboratory. Clearly, we use fidelity to describe how much information has been lost in the cyclic process. Our investigation about the effect of noise shows that the preparing of the initial state in different laboratories will affect the loss of information.     

Hierarchical joint remote state preparation in noisy environment

A novel scheme for quantum communication having substantial applications in practical life is designed and analyzed. Specifically, we have proposed a hierarchical counterpart of the joint remote state preparation (JRSP) protocol, where two senders can jointly and remotely prepare a quantum state. One sender has the information regarding amplitude, while the other one has the phase information of a quantum state to be jointly prepared at the receiver’s port. However, there exists a hierarchy among the receivers, as far as powers to reconstruct the quantum state are concerned. A 5-qubit cluster state has been used here to perform the task. Further, it is established that the proposed scheme for hierarchical JRSP (HJRSP) is of enormous practical importance in critical situations involving defense and other sectors, where it is essential to ensure that an important decision/order that can severely affect a society or an organization is not taken by a single person, and once the order is issued, all the receivers do not possess an equal right to implement it. Further, the effect of different noise models (e.g., amplitude damping (AD), phase damping (PD), collective noise and Pauli noise models) on the HJRSP protocol proposed here is investigated. It is found that in AD and PD noise models a higher-power agent can reconstruct the quantum state to be remotely prepared with higher fidelity than that done by the lower-power agent(s). In contrast, the opposite may happen in the presence of collective noise models. We have also proposed a scheme for probabilistic HJRSP using a non-maximally entangled 5-qubit cluster state.     

Perfect joint remote state preparation of arbitrary six-qubit cluster-type states

In this paper, a joint remote state preparation protocol, which is applicable to six-qubit cluster states, is presented. The scheme is performed with the help of three quantum channels constituted by eight qubits. A new index of efficiency for JRSP protocols is defined. A comparison is made with the existing similar schemes from which it is concluded that the present scheme utilizes its resources more efficiently. The work is a part of the line of research on transfer and remote preparation of entanglement.     

受控循环远程态制备

为了解决多方量子通信问题,首先提出一种构造十粒子纠缠态的方法,并籍此构造出一个3◢n◣+1粒子纠缠态。其次,以十粒子纠缠态为量子信道,提出一个三方受控循环远程制备协议。该协议在监察者David的控制下,Alice能为Bob远程制备一个任意单粒子态,Bob能够在Charlie处远程制备一个任意单粒子态,Charlie也能为Alice远程制备任意单粒子态。进一步,借助3◢n◣+1粒子纠缠态,将此循环协议推广到任意◢n◣方受控循环远程态制备情形。在远程态制备过程中,每个发送者充分利用各自掌握的信息和前馈策略来构造恰当的测量基,通过经典通信和局域操作,就能成功实现任意单粒子态的远程制备。     

Effect of noise on deterministic joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state

Quantum communication has attracted much attention in recent years. Deterministic joint remote state preparation (DJRSP) is an important branch of quantum secure communication which could securely transmit a quantum state with 100% success probability. In this paper, we study DJRSP of an arbitrary two-qubit state in noisy environment. Taking a GHZ based DJRSP scheme of a two-qubit state as an example, we study how the scheme is influenced by all types of noise usually encountered in real-world implementations of quantum communication protocols, i.e., the bit-flip, phase-flip (phase-damping), depolarizing, and amplitude-damping noise. We demonstrate that there are four different output states in the amplitude-damping noise, while there is the same output state in each of the other three types of noise. The state-independent average fidelity is presented to measure the effect of noise, and it is shown that the depolarizing noise has the worst effect on the DJRSP scheme, while the amplitude-damping noise or the phase-flip has the slightest effect depending on the noise rate. Our results are also suitable for JRSP and RSP.     

基于广播机制的多方量子远程制备协议

量子态远程制备(RSP)是量子信息过程的一个重要分支。为了解决一个发送者向多个接收者同时制备相同量子态的问题,提出了基于广播机制的1对2三方量子态远程制备协议,并将其拓展到1对N多方量子态远程制备中。该协议使用GHZ态作为量子信道,通过构造两组特殊测量基,发送方进行两次多粒子投影测量,接收方根据测量结果进行幺正操作,最终实现1个发送者向多个接收者同时制备相同的粒子态。经分析,协议的这种广播制备模式可以适用于任意多个接收者的情形。     

Efficient joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state via cluster and cluster-type states

In this paper, we present a possible improvement of the successful probability of joint remote state preparation via cluster states following some ideals from probabilistic joint remote state preparation (Wang et al. in Opt Commun, 284:5835, 2011). The success probability can be improved from $1/4$ to 1 via the same quantum entangled channel by adding some classical information and performing some unitary operations. Moreover, we also discussed the scheme for joint remote preparation via cluster-type states. Compared with other schemes, our schemes have the advantage of having high successful probability for joint preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state via cluster states and cluster-type states.     

Effect of quantum noise on deterministic joint remote state preparation of a qubit state via a GHZ channel

Quantum Information Processing - Quantum secure communication brings a new direction for information security. As an important component of quantum secure communication, deterministic joint remote...     

Deterministic remote preparation via the Brown state

We propose two deterministic remote state preparation (DRSP) schemes by using the Brown state as the entangled channel. Firstly, the remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state is considered. It is worth mentioning that the construction of measurement bases plays a key role in our scheme. Then, the remote preparation of an arbitrary three-qubit state is investigated. The proposed schemes can be extended to controlled remote state preparation (CRSP) with unit success probabilities. At variance with the existing CRSP schemes via the Brown state, the derived schemes have no restriction on the coefficients, while the success probabilities can reach 100%. It means the success probabilities are greatly improved. Moreover, we pay attention to the DRSP in noisy environments under two important decoherence models, the amplitude-damping noise and phase-damping noise.     

Controlled bidirectional remote preparation of three-qubit state

Quantum Information Processing - Quantum identity authentication with single photons is proposed in the paper. It can verify a user’s identity without exposing to an authentication key...     

以真六量子纠缠态为信道的双向受控远程态制备

研究了真六量子比特纠缠态在双向量子受控远程态制备中的一个新应用。在协议中,远程的两方在遥远的第三方控制下,能够同时地、确定地交换他们的量子态。如果没有控制者的允许,这种交换是不能成功的,而作为原始的非局域量子资源的一个真六量子比特纠缠态是预先被三方共享的。     

A highly efficient scheme for joint remote preparation of multi-qubit W state with minimum quantum resource

We present a highly efficient scheme for perfect joint remote preparation of an arbitrary \( 2^{n} \)-qubit W state with minimum quantum resource. Both the senders Alice and Bob intend to jointly prepare one \( 2^{n} \)-qubit W state for the remote receiver Charlie. In the beginning, they help the remote receiver Charlie to construct one n-qubit intermediate state which is closely related to the target \( 2^{n} \)-qubit W state. Afterward, Charlie introduces auxiliary qubits and applies appropriate operations to obtain the target \( 2^{n} \)-qubit W state. Compared with previous schemes, our scheme requires minimum quantum resource and least amount of classical communication. Moreover, our scheme has a significant potential for being adapted to remote state preparation of other special states.     

Practical single-photon-assisted remote state preparation with non-maximally entanglement

Remote state preparation (RSP) and joint remote state preparation (JRSP) protocols for single-photon states are investigated via linear optical elements with partially entangled states. In our scheme, by choosing two-mode instances from a polarizing beam splitter, only the sender in the communication protocol needs to prepare an ancillary single-photon and operate the entanglement preparation process in order to retrieve an arbitrary single-photon state from a photon pair in partially entangled state. In the case of JRSP, i.e., a canonical model of RSP with multi-party, we consider that the information of the desired state is split into many subsets and in prior maintained by spatially separate parties. Specifically, with the assistance of a single-photon state and a three-photon entangled state, it turns out that an arbitrary single-photon state can be jointly and remotely prepared with certain probability, which is characterized by the coefficients of both the employed entangled state and the target state. Remarkably, our protocol is readily to extend to the case for RSP and JRSP of mixed states with the all optical means. Therefore, our protocol is promising for communicating among optics-based multi-node quantum networks.     

Controlled remote state preparation protocols via AKLT states

In this paper, we proposed two controlled remote state preparation of an arbitrary single-qubit state schemes one for deterministic controlled remote state preparation the other for probabilistic controlled-joint remote state preparation with 2/3 probability. Both of them used the Affleck–Kennedy–Lieb–Tasaki (AKLT) state which consisted of bulk spin-1’s and two spin-1 \(/\) 2’s at the ends. Up to now, no RSP protocols using AKLT gapped ground states as a shared quantum resource had been presented thus far and Fan et al. showed the other AKLT property was that if we performed a Bell measurement on bulk, then a maximally entangled state would be shared by two ends. We utilized these properties to develop our controlled protocols.     

Deterministic remote two-qubit state preparation in dissipative environments

We propose a new scheme for efficient remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state, introducing two auxiliary qubits and using two Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) states as the quantum channel in a non-recursive way. At variance with all existing schemes, our scheme accomplishes deterministic remote state preparation (RSP) with only one sender and the simplest entangled resource (say, EPR pairs). We construct the corresponding quantum logic circuit using a unitary matrix decomposition procedure and analytically obtain the average fidelity of the deterministic RSP process for dissipative environments. Our studies show that, while the average fidelity gradually decreases to a stable value without any revival in the Markovian regime, it decreases to the same stable value with a dampened revival amplitude in the non-Markovian regime. We also find that the average fidelity’s approximate maximal value can be preserved for a long time if the non-Markovian and the detuning conditions are satisfied simultaneously.     

Three-party remote state preparation schemes based on entanglement

By exploiting the entanglement correlation in quantum mechanics, two three-party remote state preparation (RSP) schemes are proposed. One is three-party remote preparation of a single-particle quantum state, and the other is three-party remote preparation of a two-particle entangled state. In the proposed schemes, the sender Alice knows the quantum states to be prepared, while the receivers Bob and Charlie do not know the quantum states; Alice performs measurement and unitary operations on her own particles with two three-particle GHZ states as the quantum channel. According to Alice’s measurement results, Bob and Charlie measure their own particles on the corresponding quantum measurement bases and perform unitary operations on the corresponding particles to reconstruct the quantum states, respectively. Compared with multiparty joint remote preparation and two-party RSP of a quantum state, the proposed schemes realize quantum multicast communication successfully, which enables Bob and Charlie to obtain the prepared quantum states simultaneously in the case of just knowing Alice’s measurement results, while Bob and Charlie do not know each other’s prepared quantum states. It is shown that only three classical bits are required for the two proposed RSP schemes when Bob and Alice introduce an auxiliary particle, respectively, and the proposed schemes are secure after the quantum channel authentication.     

Joint remote state preparation between multi-sender and multi-receiver

In this work, novel schemes for joint remote state preparation are presented, which involve N senders and 2 receivers as well as N senders and 3 receivers. The receivers can simultaneously reconstruct different qubit states containing the joint information from all senders. Compared with the protocols proposed by Su et al. (Int J Quantum Inf 10:1250006 (2012), the information of the prepared states in our schemes is distributed in a different way. Our protocols can be applied not only to states with real parameters but also ones with complex parameters. Moreover, the N-to-2 protocol is suitable for general qubit states besides equatorial states, and the receivers need not to perform any measurements and CNOT gates to reconstruct the states.     

Deterministic controlled bidirectional remote state preparation via a six-qubit entangled state

In this paper, we presented a controlled bidirectional remote state preparation scheme which used the six-qubit entangled state as quantum channel. In our scheme, Alice and Bob can prepare simultaneously an arbitrary single-qubit state in each other’s place with the control of the supervisor Charlie. The success probability for our scheme reaches unit. Furthermore, we analyze the expression of quantum channel for controlled bidirectional remote state preparation. Finally, we discuss the security of our scheme, the detailed security analysis shows that the supervisor Charlie’s control can greatly improve the security of our scheme.

     

Enhancing the fidelity of remote state preparation by partial measurements

Enhancing the fidelity of quantum state transmission in noisy environments is a significant subject in the field of quantum communication. In this paper, improving the fidelity of a deterministic remote state preparation (RSP) protocol under decoherence is investigated with the technique of weak measurement (WM) and weak measurement reversal (WMR). We first construct the quantum circuit of the deterministic remote preparation of a single-qubit state through an EPR state with the assistance of an auxiliary qubit. Then, we analytically derive the average fidelity of the deterministic RSP protocol under the influence of generalized amplitude damping noises acting on the EPR state. Our results show that when only qubit 2 undergoes the decoherence channel, the average fidelity of the RSP protocol subject to generalized amplitude damping noise is the same as that subject to amplitude damping noise. Moreover, we analyze the optimal average fidelity of the above RSP process by introducing WM and WMR. It is found that the application of WM and a subsequent reversal operation could lead to the remarkable improvement of the average fidelity for most values of the decoherence parameters.