热处理对Mg-12Gd-3Y-Sm-0.5Zr合金组织和性能的影响

通过OM,SEM,TEM,XRD和力学拉伸实验,研究了固溶和时效热处理对Mg-12Gd-3Y-Sm-0.5Zr(质量分数,%)合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-12Gd-3Y-Sm-0.5Zr合金铸态组织由α-Mg基体和含Mg5Gd相和Mg41Sm5相的粗大枝晶组成,经过固溶和时效处理后,时效析出了Mg24Y5相,Mg5Gd相演变为Mg3Gd相,固溶时效态合金纳米尺寸的长条状相的脱溶析出可有效强化合金。合金在不同状态下的室温抗拉强度为:铸态219.4 MPa、固溶态224.0 MPa和时效态299.8 MPa。     

热处理对Mg-8Gd-2.5Nd-0.5Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

通过OM、XRD、TEM、SEM和电子拉力试验机等,研究了固溶和时效处理对Mg-8Gd-2.5Nd-0.5Zr(质量分数,%)合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:合金铸态组织由α-Mg基体和含Mg5Gd相、Mg12Nd相的粗大枝晶组成,经过热处理后,合金中方块状颗粒相明显增多,且分布在晶界处;固溶时效态合金析出的纳米尺寸方块相可有效强化合金。时效态合金中β'析出相形态类似多个纺锤形相连接而成,相互之间的夹角呈120°,且具有周期结构。铸态、固溶态和时效态合金在不同状态下的室温拉伸强度分别为:189.3、201.4和251.1MPa。     

热处理对Mg-8Gd-2.5Nd-0.5Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过OM、XRD、TEM、SEM和电子拉力试验机等,研究了固溶和时效处理对Mg-8Gd-2.5Nd-0.5Zr(质量分数,%)合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:合金铸态组织由α-Mg基体和含Mg5Gd相、Mg12Nd相的粗大枝晶组成,经过热处理后,合金中方块状颗粒相明显增多,且分布在晶界处;固溶时效态合金析出的纳米尺寸方块相可有效强化合金。时效态合金中β'析出相形态类似多个纺锤形相连接而成,相互之间的夹角呈120°,且具有周期结构。铸态、固溶态和时效态合金在不同状态下的室温拉伸强度分别为:189.3、201.4和251.1MPa。     

Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的组织和性能北大核心CSCD

采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪以及拉伸试验机,研究了不同热处理对Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:不论是铸态、固溶态,还是时效态,合金组织都主要由α-Mg基体以及稀土化合物Mg5(Gd,Y,Zn)、Mg24(Y,Gd,Zn)5和Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)组成;但铸态下合金中第二相主要为Mg5(Gd,Y,Zn),在晶内呈平行的流线状排列,晶粒粗大。通过固溶时效处理,Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)相在晶界处析出并向晶内生长,成为合金的主要强化相,其强化方式主要为固溶强化和时效强化。室温下,铸态合金抗拉强度为138 MPa,伸长率为2.16%,时效态合金抗拉强度为223 MPa,伸长率为3.94%,合金力学性能得到明显提升。     

Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的组织和性能

采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪以及拉伸试验机,研究了不同热处理对Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:不论是铸态、固溶态,还是时效态,合金组织都主要由α-Mg基体以及稀土化合物Mg5(Gd,Y,Zn)、Mg24(Y,Gd,Zn)5和Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)组成;但铸态下合金中第二相主要为Mg5(Gd,Y,Zn),在晶内呈平行的流线状排列,晶粒粗大。通过固溶时效处理,Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)相在晶界处析出并向晶内生长,成为合金的主要强化相,其强化方式主要为固溶强化和时效强化。室温下,铸态合金抗拉强度为138 MPa,伸长率为2.16%,时效态合金抗拉强度为223 MPa,伸长率为3.94%,合金力学性能得到明显提升。     

Gd元素含量对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过金相观察(OM)、扫描电镜观察(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、拉伸试验研究了Gd元素含量对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y系合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,并引入WE54合金作为对比。研究表明:Mg-Gd-Y系合金的铸态组织主要由等轴树枝晶α-Mg固溶体、晶界处孤岛状共晶相Mg24(Gd,Y)5以及孤立的方块相Mg5(Gd,Y)和起到晶粒细化作用的富Zr核心组成。随着Gd含量的增加,晶界处第二相Mg24(Gd,Y)5的体积分数明显增加,导致合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度不断提高,伸长率却不断降低。GW94合金强度最好:室温下抗拉强度和屈服强度最高分别可达213.7 MPa和156 MPa,伸长率却仅为1.29%。WE54合金的伸长率最高,这可能与铸态WE54合金晶界处形成的相互平行的片层状共晶相有关。Mg-Gd-Y系合金和WE54合金断裂机制都为准解理断裂。     

高锌超高强铝合金微观组织及力学性能研究

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线物相分析仪和透射电镜等研究了Al-10Zn-1.77Mg-1.0Cu-0.13Zr铝合金的微观组织演变和力学性能。结果表明:合金铸态组织为枝晶结构,主要存在α(Al)和η相(Mg Zn2)。双级均匀化处理后,铸态枝晶组织完全消除,非平衡共晶组织几乎完全回溶进基体。时效处理后,晶内析出相为针状η′相和球状GP区,晶界沉淀相η相沿晶界断续分布,晶界无析出区宽约23nm。基体沉淀相、晶界沉淀相以及晶界无析出区的良好匹配,使Al-10Zn-1.77Mg-1.0Cu-0.13Zr合金不仅具有超高的抗拉强度,同时还拥有良好的塑性。     

热处理工艺及挤压对WE91合金组织及性能影响

通过OM、SEM、XRD、TEM及力学性能测试等手段,研究了热处理工艺及挤压对WE91镁合金的显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态WE91合金主要由α-Mg基体及共晶组织构成。经过均匀化处理后,合金中大量的共晶组织回溶,主要的未溶相为Mg12(MM);经过挤压后,合金发生动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸明显减小,均匀化后残留的Mg12(MM)相沿挤压方向呈流线分布;WE91合金合理的时效热处理制度为225℃×28h,此时析出大量的长透镜片状β相;时效后合金具有较高的耐高温性能,250℃以下,合金的强度下降有限,达到300℃时,合金的强度显著下降。随着测试温度提高,合金裂纹萌生从晶内逐渐转移至晶界。     

热处理对Mg-Gd-Cu合金组织和性能的影响

通过常规金属型铸造方法制备了Mg96Gd3Cu1(a%)合金。利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和力学性能试验机等对合金的铸态和热处理态显微组织及力学性能进行了系统的分析。研究结果显示,铸态的合金中形成了14H类型的长周期堆垛有序结构相,固溶处理时,合金晶界处的Mg5Gd相溶解并析出层片状的14H长周期结构相。时效处理后合金性能得到较大的提高。     

固溶处理对Mg-10Gd-1Al-1Ca合金组织和性能的影响

为进一步提高Mg-Gd系合金的力学性能，同时降低其密度和成本，向Mg-10Gd合金中复合添加了2%(质量分数)的Al和Ca,研究了固溶处理对Mg-10Gd-1Al-1Ca合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，复合添加Al和Ca后，α-Mg由粗大的枝状晶转变为细小的等轴晶。固溶处理后，(Mg, Al)₃Gd相发生部分溶解，形貌由鱼骨状或花瓣状转变为颗粒状，部分α-Mg晶内析出相互平行排列的短棒状二次增强相，由于Al₂Gd相在晶界的钉扎作用，晶粒没有发生明显的粗化。固溶态Mg-10Gd-1Al-1Ca合金的硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率较铸态Mg-10Gd-1Al-1Ca合金分别提高了16.7%、21.9%、19.7%和54.7%。铸态和固溶态的Mg-10Gd-1Al-1Ca合金力学性能均优于Mg-10Gd合金。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.