非规则几何结构平面阵列的DOA估计性能

由于受实际环境的限制,天线阵的布设受到一定的约束,而实际测向环境限制了天线阵列的阵列结构,阵列结构是否合理将直接影响测向的精度。针对特定环境对阵列结构的特殊要求及二维测向的实际问题,建立了非规则几何结构阵列进行二维测向的数学模型,研究了基于MUSIC算法的非规则几何结构阵列的二维测向问题,对非规则结构阵列的阵列结构对测向模糊性的影响进行了分析,以矩形平面阵列和任意形平面阵列为例,对两种阵列的测向性能进行了仿真比较,结果证明,提出的数学模型对非规则结构平面阵列的研究具有有效性,可广泛应用于任意平面空间的二维测向。     

基于共形天线阵的免搜索来波方向估计算法研究

运算量大,受阵列拓扑结构限制是传统基于子空间分解的来波方向(DOA)估计算法的主要问题,这些问题大大限制了其在实际工程中的应用。针对共形天线阵的特殊性,结合实际的共形阵,研究了几种可以应用于任意阵列结构的免搜索DOA估计算法,并比较了这些算法在共形阵上的性能。理论分析和数值仿真表明:在一定条件下这些算法均可在共形阵上取得较优的估计性能。     

Performance of adaptive array antenna with arbitrary geometry in the presence of mutual coupling

The effect of the mutual coupling between the array elements on the performance of the adaptive array antennas (AAA) is investigated when the actual received voltages which include the mutual coupling are directly used to estimate the weight vector based on the adaptive algorithm. The output signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR), the convergence of the adaptive algorithm and the synthesized pattern are evaluated to study the effect due to the existence of the mutual coupling. It is found that the mutual coupling affects the antenna adaptive gain, but does not affect the adaptive processing. It is also found that the mutual coupling does not always degrade the iterative convergence of the adaptive algorithm. It is proved that any invertible matrix for compensating the mutual coupling cannot improve the output SINR. It is also indicated that the radiation pattern can be correctly synthesized in the presence of the mutual coupling by introducing the universal steering vector (USV) whose element corresponds to the array element pattern.     

基于最优子阵划分ESPRIT的任意线阵高精度DOA估计算法

为了提高任意阵列的波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计性能,从对子阵阵元选取进行优化的角度出发,提出了基于最优子阵划分旋转不变信号参数估计技术(estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques,ESPR...     

米波雷达低仰角DOA估计及阵列通道误差校正

现有的阵列校正算法几乎都没有考虑存在多径效应时的情况,对此提出了一种米波雷达低仰角环境下波达方向估计和阵列通道误差校正的新算法.先对各子阵接收信号做预处理,使通道误差对每个子阵的影响一致,这样阵列旋转因子就与通道误差无关.再对各子阵接收数据进行线性变换和差分处理,利用阵列旋转不变性,实现波达方向估计.最后利用精确求得的波达方向值进行阵列通道误差的校正,算法避免了以往自校正算法联合波达方向和误差矩阵进行最大似然多维寻优的缺点,不但运算量小,还可以有效地克服多径效应.理论分析和计算机仿真都表明了新算法的优越性.     

阵列误差下的波达方向估计

由于阵列误差的存在会降低波达角的估计精度,重点研究了迭代求解混合范数约束下的稀疏谱以提高估计精度。考虑一维线性阵列,首先建立了统一的优化函数,高精度地估计信号子空间;然后推导了误差矩阵向量化的方法,简化求解耦合误差和幅相误差的过程;最后推导了Khatri-Rao积下的扩展正交导向矢量,根据优化函数迭代求解空间谱估计。对比不同方法估计参数的均方根误差表明,通过设计优化函数迭代求解阵列误差、波达角等参数的精度较之现有方法有一定的提高。     

用菲涅尔区聚焦多波束天线实现来波方向估计

菲涅尔区相位修正平板聚焦结构有着一些新的特点,从而可作籽矣焦元件构成多波束天线。该文在基于菲涅尔区相位修正平板结构的多波束天线模型下,利用多信号分类算法同对一维平面内来波方向的设计。通过计算机模拟及对模拟结果的讨论,比较了分别采用噪声子空间和信号子空间进行来波方向估计时的结果,并给出了一些有意义的结论。     

DOA estimation method of weak sources for an array antenna under strong interference conditions

The concept of a preserving source orthogonality and characteristic beam is defined according to an array data model. It is proven theoretically that the corresponding eigenvectors maintain the preserving orthogonality when the powers and the angle intervals between the signals are large. The theory is then applied to the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for the array antenna in the presence of strong interference. A novel DOA estimation algorithm based on the elimination of the eigenvectors of interference is proposed. The simulation results and comparison of the jamming jam method (JJM) algorithm show that the proposed algorithm does not require the position of the interference source to be known. Moreover, its interference suppression ability and statistical estimation performance are superior to those of the JJM, and thus, it is more suitable for low SNR and small angle intervals.     

2D DOA estimation for noncircular sources using L-shaped sparse array

We present an algorithm for two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of noncircular sources using an L-shaped sparse array. An L-shaped sparse array consisting of two co-prime arrays is firstly introduced. Then, the fourth-order-cumulants (FOCs) of received data are used to construct a FOC matrix (FOCM), by which we can get the estimations of elevation angles. With the estimated elevation angles, the azimuth angles can be estimated by a low-complexity signal separation algorithm. During the procedure used for estimating azimuth angles, no any eigenvalue decomposition (EVD), peak search and pair-matching procedure need to be implemented. Although the aperture is extended significantly, the computation complexity of proposed algorithm still is acceptable. Compared with some analogous algorithms, our approach shows more attractive estimation performance. A lot of simulation results prove the advantages of proposed DOA estimation technology.     

Broadband DOA estimation using “Spatial-Only” modelingof array data

Most of the existing techniques for DOA estimation of broadband sources use both spatial and temporal modeling. This may lead to increased complexity besides a large algorithmic delay. We propose a technique that employs only spatial information in the form of a single spatial array covariance matrix. Assuming the source to have an ideal bandpass power spectral density, we formulate two subspace-based search functions for the estimation of the DOAs of broadband sources. One of these employs a multidimensional search in the parameter space, whereas the other requires a MUSIC like one-dimensional (1-D) search. The multidimensional cost function is shown to be consistent, yields performance close to the Cramer-Rao (CR) bound, and is insensitive to correlation between sources. Both the proposed methods are shown to be robust to deviations from the assumption of ideal bandpass power spectral density used in their formulation     

Two-dimensional DOA estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array using a successive MUSIC

This paper discusses the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array, and derives a successive multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm therein. The proposed algorithm obtains initial estimations of the azimuth and elevation angles obtained from the signal subspace, and uses successively one-dimensional local searches to achieve the joint estimation of 2D-DOA. The proposed algorithm, which requires the one-dimension local searches, can avoid the high computational cost within 2D-MUSIC algorithm. The proposed algorithm can obtain automatically-paired 2D-DOA estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array, and it has better DOA estimation performance than propagator method, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithm and trilinear decomposition algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close angle estimation to 2D-MUSIC algorithm. Furthermore, it is suitable for non-uniform linear arrays, works well for the sources with the same azimuth angle, and imposes less constraint on the sensor spacing, which does not have to be restricted within half-wavelength. We have also derived the mean-square error of DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of DOA estimation. Simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

gold-MUSIC based DOA estimation using ULA antenna of DS-CDMA sources with propagation delay diversity

Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation using gold-MUSIC is achieved for Uniform Linear Array (ULA) antenna based Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) sources having different Propagation Delay. The DOA is estimated by different MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithms for M signal sources with Phase Shift Keying (PSK) transmission in presence of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Spatial spectrum, computational efficiency and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of DOA estimation using gold-MUSIC over MUSIC and Root-MUSIC algorithms are studied meticulously. The effects of number of ULA elements, Data length and arrival angle on RMSE of DOA are also conferred here.     

柱面共形阵列信源方位与极化状态的联合估计算法

针对柱面共形极化敏感阵列的结构特点建立了其导向矢量模型,以此为基础实现了信源方位与极化状态的联合估计。根据旋转不变子空间思想估计俯仰角和子空间原理、秩损理论,通过对阵列流形矩阵进行特定的形式变换,将其中隐含的信源方位信息与极化信息\     

Two-dimensional DOA estimation of coherent signals using acoustic vector sensor array

In this paper, we present two new methods for estimating two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) of narrowband coherent (or highly correlated) signals using an L-shaped array of acoustic vector sensors. We decorrelate the coherency of the signals and reconstruct the signal subspace using cross-correlation matrix, and then the ESPRIT and propagator methods are applied to estimate the azimuth and elevation angles. The ESPRIT technique is based on the shift invariance property of array geometry and the propagator method is based on partitioning of the cross-correlation matrix. The propagator method is computationally efficient and requires only linear operations. Moreover, it does not require any eigendecomposition or singular-value decomposition as for the ESPRIT method. These two techniques are direct methods which do not require any 2-D iterative search for estimating the azimuth and the elevation angles. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.     

Tolerances in self-cohering antenna arrays of arbitrary geometry

In a conventional array, the location of each element must be known to an accuracy of aboutlambda/10for phasing and scanning purposes. A larger tolerance on the element location results in the loss of gain and deterioration of the radiation pattern. In a self-cohering phased array, the phasing of the array elements is accomplished closed-loop and adaptively; therefore, no information on the element location is necessary. On the other hand, to scan the adaptively formed beam about the direction of the received wave, which has to be performed open-loop, one requires information on the element locations. In this paper, basic relations pertaining to the open-loop scanning of adaptive antenna arrays of arbitrary geometry are derived for both far-field and near-field scanning problems, and the transition between the two cases and the required accuracy in the knowledge of the same distance are explored. It is shown that the tolerance requirement on the element locations is the conventional tolerance divided by the maximum scan angle. In large systems designed for target imaging, it is shown that the tolerance on element location can be two or more orders of magnitude larger than that in a conventional array.     

分布式嵌套阵列及其DOA估计

提出了一种分布式嵌套阵列天线结构,由两个相互独立的四级嵌套子阵构成。两个子阵间存在一个基线长度,且满足一定条件。对该阵列天线接收到的信号进行高阶累积量和Khatri-Rao积运算可以得到三个完全相同的均匀直线阵列天线结构。针对新得到的阵列天线结构,使用基于空间平滑技术的双尺度酉旋转不变子空间( ESPRIT)波达方向( DOA)估计算法对信号进行DOA估计。该方法可以有效地提高阵列天线的自由度,进而达到提高估计精度的目地。仿真结果证明了基于所提出阵列天线结构的DOA估计方法的有效性。     

阵元失效下基于核范数和SCAD惩罚的MIMO雷达DOA估计

阵元失效下多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达虚拟阵列协方差矩阵出现大批整行整列元素缺失,破坏原有内在完整结构,导致波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DOA)估计性能下降。为此,提出一种联合核范数和SCAD(Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation)惩罚的完整协方差矩阵重构方法,以利于阵元失效下MIMO雷达DOA的有效估计。首先对待恢复的协方差矩阵建立核范数和SCAD惩罚双先验约束模型,并利用等正弦空间稀疏化方式划分粗网格空间,在可容忍的模型误差内能大大降低运算复杂度;然后利用ALM-ADMM(Augmented Lagrange Multipliers-Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers)算法对双先验约束模型进行求解,从而恢复协方差矩阵中大量整行整列的缺失数据;最后通过RD-ESPRIT(Reduced Dimensional ESPRIT)算法进行目标DOA估计。仿真结果验证该方法能快速恢复虚拟协方差矩阵中的缺失数据,从而有效...     

Blind DOA and polarization estimation for polarization-sensitive array using dimension reduction MUSIC

A novel blind direction-of-arrival (DOA) and polarization estimation algorithm for polarization-sensitive uniform linear array using dimension reduction multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm utilizes the signal subspace to obtain an initial estimation of DOA, then estimates more accurate DOA through a one-dimensional (1-D) local searching according to the initial estimation of DOA, and finally obtains polarization parameter estimation via the estimated polarization steering vectors. The proposed algorithm, which only requires a one-dimension local searching, can avoid the high computational cost within multi-dimensional MUSIC algorithm. The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm has better DOA and polarization estimation performance than both estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithm and trilinear decomposition algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be suitable for irregular array geometry, obtain automatically paired multi-dimensional parameter estimation, and avoid multi-dimensional searching. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

GA based synthesis of satellite-borne multi-beam planar array with arbitrary geometry

I. Introduction In the interests of efficiency, the shape of a footprint pattern radiated by a satellite-borne array antenna should conform precisely to the shape of the region on Earth for which coverage is required. Alternatively, in order to achieve “isoflux” illumi-nation[1] on the earth surface through multi-beams, the size and the shape of the footprint should be precisely controlled. Previous works on the synthesis of arrays in-clude Chebyshev method, modified Woodward- Lawson metho…