热镀锌渣回收利用工艺研究进展

热镀锌技术是目前钢铁材料防腐蚀的一种有效方法,但是在热镀锌过程中会产生大量热镀锌渣。热镀锌渣是溶解在锌液中的Fe与锌液中的Zn或Al在高温条件下生成的金属间化合物。热镀锌渣中含有大量金属锌,是一种使用价值极高的二次锌资源。但是热镀锌渣不能直接用于工业生产,需要对其进行回收处理。目前,热镀锌渣的回收利用工艺可大致分为火法和湿法。详细介绍了这两种热镀锌渣回收利用工艺的机理及研究进展,阐述了现有热镀锌渣回收工艺中的熔析熔炼法、蒸馏法、真空蒸馏法、化学法和电解法的工艺原理,并对这几种回收提纯工艺的特点进行了总结。阐明了不同回收工艺获得最终锌产品的特点和工艺过程中所用设备的差异。通过对火法和湿法两种回收工艺进行比较,进一步分析了现有锌渣回收处理工艺的优缺点。最后提出综合利用现有锌渣回收工艺的优点,研发新型、高品质、低能耗、高效率、环保的回收工艺是热镀锌渣回收处理技术未来的发展趋势。     

Waste Heat Recovery from Blast Furnace Slag by Chemical Reactions

Blast furnace (BF) slag, which is the main byproduct in the ironmaking process, contains large amounts of sensible heat. To recover the heat, a new waste heat-recovery system??granulating molten BF slag by rotary multinozzles cup atomizer and pyrolyzing printed circuited board with obtained hot BF slag particle??was proposed in this study. The feasibility of the waste heat-recovery system was verified by dry granulation and pyrolyzation experiments. The energy of hot BF slag could be converted to chemical energy through the pyrolysis reaction, and a large amount of combustible gas like CO, H₂, C _m H _n , and CH₄ can be generated during the process.     

酸洗机组节能改造

针对冷轧带钢酸洗机组采用开式冷凝水回收系统存在锅炉耗水量大且产生的大量二次蒸汽直接向外界排放，造成大量的资源和能源浪费的问题，开发出一种新型的闭式冷凝水回收系统。该系统中燃气锅炉产生的蒸汽经过石墨换热器，进入回收装置，利用锅炉供水泵组将回收装置内的热水供至燃气锅炉，循环利用产生蒸汽；回收装置补充的喷淋水（新水），可用于带钢的清洗。该新型加热回收系统，不仅具有节约能源、新水消耗量小、废水处理费用低、投资回报率高等优点，而且运行维护简单，备件成本也随之降低。     

PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL USING STEEL SLAG

1. Introduction Atpresent,eutrophication of water bodies is a serious environmental issue in almost all the countries of the world. Previous studies have proved the phosphorus from some industrial waste water and living wastewateristhemaincontrollingfactorintheeutrophicationofwaterbodies;sotheremovalofphospho- rus in waste water is essential to prevent the eutrophication of water bodies. ThecurrentmethodsofphosphorusremovalinChinaandabroadincludeprecipitation,crystallization, ion exchange, bio…     

Metal Recovery from Scrap and Waste

The depletion of high grade ores and accumulation of huge quantities of metallic scrap and metallurgical wastes have generated significant interest in their processing. In this paper, both pyrometallurgical, as well as hydrometal-lurgical, methods for metal recovery from scrap and wastes (viz., slag, dusts, aqueous effluents, sludge and residues) are reviewed. Scrap recycling and the processing of metallurgical wastes will pollute the environment to a lesser extent and consume less energy compared to the primary metal production. Reprocessing metallurgical waste (viz., slag, red mud, etc.) serves a social objective and ensures raw materials conservation. Research trends reveal that hydrometallurgy may play a dominant role in the waste treatment. Recently developed processes like continuous ion exchange and fluidized bed electrolysis may be used in the future for recovering metals from dilute solutions.     

从铅银渣中回收金银概况

为实现铅银渣中金银的综合回收,对铅银渣物理化学性质、有价金属含量、赋存状态、铅银渣中金银的回收方法、研究进展及其应用情况进行综述。铅银渣粒度细、酸度强、可溶物含量高,渣中矿物经历过相体转化由硫化物转变成氧化物,以再造矿物形式存在,选矿难度大;铅银渣有价金属铜、铅、锌、金、银含量较高,经济价值可观。目前,从铅银渣中回收金银的主要方法为浮选法、湿法、火法、湿法-火法联合、选冶联合等。通过分析各种方法优缺点,指出单一的浮选法流程简单、成本低,但金银回收率低;湿法、火法或湿法-火法工业应用良好,但是存在工艺复杂、成本高;选冶联合方法金属回收率高、流程适应性强,便于连续操作,具有较好的发展应用前景。     

Using mechanical processing in recycling printed wiring boards

tAs the number of electronic products in use increases, so does the need to dispose of defective and obsolete equipment, including printed circuit boards. The utilization of mechanical processing in recycling this type of waste enables recovery of the metals and allows components to be separated for proper waste disposal. Mechanical processing allows the recovery of 80% of the metals in printed circuit boards, especially copper, which represents approximately 75% of the metallic fraction.     

再制造工程与纳米表面工程

制造业既创造了财富,也极大地消耗了资源能源,并造成环境污染.为使我国走上可持续发展道路,再制造应运而生.再制造是废旧产品高技术修复、改造的产业化.再制造在国内外得到快速发展,在国外已形成了巨大产业.再制造的基础理论问题是废旧零件的剩余寿命评估;表面工程及纳米表面工程技术是再制造的关键支撑技术,主要包括纳米电刷镀技术、纳米热喷涂技术、纳米减摩自修复添加剂技术、微弧等离子熔覆技术等,它们在再制造工程实践中发挥了重要作用.     

Creating the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Medals from Electronic Scrap: Sustainability Analysis

For the upcoming 2020 Olympic Games, which are to be held in Tokyo, Japan, it has been proposed that recycled metal from electronic waste should be used to create the gold, silver, and bronze medals that will be awarded to athletes from around the world. This work is aimed at exploring the feasibility of this goal, quantifying the required electronic waste, identifying the limiting material constraints, and addressing a selection of sustainability metrics. The results show that 2.5–13.8% of Japan’s available electronic waste would be required to create the medals, depending on the composition of the collected electronics and the processing yields. The environmental benefits from this venture are identified as being a savings of approximately 4.5–5.1 TJ of energy, which is equivalent to CO₂ emissions reductions of approximately 420 metric tons. Additionally, qualitative potential benefits to environment, human health, economic recovery of valuable materials, and supply stability are considered.     

氮掺杂纳米碳改性LiFePO4正极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池是一种高效、清洁的储能装置,在便携式电子产品、储能设施和电动汽车等领域具有广泛的应用前景,对于缓解能源危机、环境污染和优化能源结构等方面具有重要意义。橄榄石型LiFePO_4是最有前途的锂离子电池正极材料之一,但较低的本征电子电导率与锂离子扩散速率限制了其高倍率性能的发挥及在锂离子动力电池中的广泛应用。纳米碳材料,尤其氮掺杂的无定形纳米碳、碳纳米管以及石墨烯等具有电子电导率高,比表面积大,亲和力强以及热、化学稳定性好等特点,在改善LiFePO_4材料性能方面显示出独特的优势。本文从掺杂方法、形貌结构、电化学性能等方面总结氮掺杂纳米碳改性LiFePO_4正极材料的研究进展,并展望其发展前景。     

利用废铁渣制备氧化铁和芒硝

以废铁渣为主要原料与工业硫酸反应可制备氧化铁及芒硝,简述了该工艺实验情况,该工艺解决了废铁渣占地及污染环境的问题,具有投资少、占地面积小、排放的废液无毒无害等优点。该工艺的产品可用于工业生产,有一定的经济效益和社会效益。     

废弃PCB板电子元件高效无损绿色自动分离技术研究

为了实现废弃PCB板的规模化和产业化回收,研发了一种废弃PCB板电子元件的高效无损绿色自动分离设备.该设备包括送料装置、加热装置、分离装置和出料装置4个部分.重点设计了分离装置的机械结构,分析了分离装置的工作原理,设计了分离装置的控制系统,并对PCB板电子元件高温分离过程所产生的有毒、有害气体进行了有效的收集和综合治理...     

热卷箱是提高热连轧线竞争能力的最佳选择

介绍了热卷箱技术的发展及在我国的应用情况。结合“双工位无芯卷取”热卷箱技术在宝钢集团梅山钢铁公司1422mm热轧厂的成功应用，重点介绍了该技术的特点及在解决热轧板带中节能减排、减少氧化铁皮、避免甩尾、稳定精轧轧制及开发高附加值产品等方面的优势；认为其是提高热轧板厂竞争力的最佳选择。     

低热值高炉煤气在预热空气作用下的扩散燃烧特性

本研究以某钢铁企业高炉煤气回收水冷系统为对象,分析研究了低热值高炉煤气与不同预热温度空气的同轴扩散气流在绝热炉膛内混合和燃烧的特点,建立了κ-ε双方程燃烧数学模型,并对其同轴扩散气流燃烧特性进行了模拟研究.研究结果表明:空气预热温度的升高能够有效促进化学反应活性较差的CO参与燃烧反应,同时CO化学反应速度也得到有效提高...     

铝热还原酸溶性钛渣制备TiAl基多元合金

对含高钛的酸溶性钛渣进行铝热还原制备钛铝基多元合金。为了控制并了解合金的制备,讨论了铝和氧化钙的添加和温度的影响。通过考虑材料的配比计算,可以成功地使合金与渣合金分离。大多数还原元素的回收率表现为高值,在所有实验条件下均为95%。铝的添加主要影响合金的成分,而氧化钙的添加则通过改变渣系成分来影响渣金分离。此外,系统的温度可以提高大部分还原元素的回收率和分配比。     

铸造废弃物资源化系统工程

从系统工程和仿生群乐体的基本概念出发,提出了将铸造废弃物作为某种全新产品的原材料进行处理的系统工程规划理论和实施方案;通过人为设计和调整废弃物原材料的适当搭配,并经过必要的物理、化学方法处理后生产出诸如聚合物基废弃物复合材料、水泥基废弃物复合材料、陶瓷基废弃物复合材料、金属基废弃物复合材料等具有重要环境保护、循环经济、资源开拓意义的新物质;通过市场分析,论证了以市场导向推进铸造废弃物资源化的发展思路和实践的正确性;介绍了新产品的先进制造技术和产品性能的检测、评价等若干用于废弃物资源化系统工程中的现代科学理论和方法。     

The recycling of heavy-metalcontaining wastes: Mass balances and economical estimations

As environmental legislation has become stricter in recent decades, efforts for treating residues have also increased. The existing pyrometallurgical reprocessing methods for metal-containing wastes recover mainly only one valuable metal or produce low-grade byproducts. The aim of developing an economic process has to be the simultaneous recovery of more than one valuable metal and increased product quality. In the case of zinccontaining residues the goal has to be a high-quality zinc product. Moreover, the target is a nearly zero waste process and, accordingly, small amounts of generated residues. In this paper four possible secondary raw materials are compared regarding their mass and energy balance for a treatment in a carbon-containing metal bath. Furthermore, an evaluation of the economy is given for a neutral leaching residue, Waelz kiln slag, dust from secondary copper industry as well as an electro arc furnace dust from carbon steel production.     

柔性AZO/NiCr/Ag/NiCr/AZO透明导电玻璃结构对性能的影响

目的 室温制备柔性透明导电玻璃并提高其光电性能。方法 采用直流磁控溅射法，以柔性玻璃为基底，在室温下沉积(Aluminum-doped ZnO,AZO)/Ni Cr/Ag/NiCr/AZO多层结构透明导电玻璃。通过探针轮廓仪测试、X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)测试、拉曼光谱仪测试、分光光度计测量、四探针测试和霍尔效应测试，分别获得了样品的各层薄膜厚度、X射线衍射图谱、拉曼光谱、透光率、方块电阻和电学性能。经过参数优化，选取Ag膜厚度为3～15 nm的样品，研究Ag膜厚度对玻璃样品的结构特征及光电性能的影响。结果 样品光电性能与Ag层厚度密切相关，随着中间Ag层厚度的增加，样品在380～760 nm波长范围内的平均光透光率先增加后降低，吸收边依次发生了红移，样品的方块电阻则随着Ag层厚度的增加单调减小。Ag膜厚度为12nm的样品综合光电性能最佳，其平均透光率为82.4%，载流子浓度为8.32×10²¹cm^-3，载流子迁移率为8.21 cm²/(V·s)，电阻率为9.15×10^-5     

混合动力挖掘机动臂势能分级回收仿真研究

针对挖掘机动臂势能浪费大的问题,提出一种混合动力挖掘机动臂势能分级回收系统,该系统采用低、中、高压蓄能器进行分级势能回收。分析系统工作原理,建立动臂油缸和蓄能器能量数学模型,运用AMESim建立液压系统和控制策略,并在典型工况下进行仿真。仿真结果表明：挖掘机动臂采用低、中、高压蓄能器进行分级势能回收是可行的,该系统节能率达到40.6%,能量回收效率保持在36.1%以上。