高吸水树脂用作油田固化剂的耐盐性评价

高吸水树脂已成功用作油田压井液的固化材料,但由于高吸水树脂产品在不同盐溶液中吸液行为不同,限制了产品的使用范围。研究了常用压井液添加剂对丙烯酸类树脂固化剂吸液率的影响,指明了采用丙烯酸类树脂固化清水或盐水周作油田压井液的主要用途。     

高吸水纤维的开发和应用现状

高吸水纤维的开发和应用现状马书斌，宁家成（化工部北京化工研究院，北京１０００１３）关键词高吸水纤维，高吸水树脂，制备１引言吸水树脂于８０年代初期开始投入生产，至今不过十余年时间，便获得了飞速的发展，１９９１年国外年产量已达３０多万吨。吸水树脂广泛应用...     

高吸水树脂生产现状和发展前景

介绍了高吸水树脂生产和应用情况，对两种典型的生产方法淀粉法和丙烯酸钠的生产工艺方法、技术经济指标和生产成本进行比较。分析了国内外高吸水树脂的生产、消费情况和需求预测，对高吸水树脂的生产提出了建议并展望了它的应用前景。     

低阳离子度交联聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂的性能研究

以AA(丙烯酸)、HMAC(羟丙烯酰胺基己基氯化铵)为原料,NMBA(N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)为交联剂,通过溶液聚合制得低阳离子度交联聚丙烯酸高吸水性树脂,研究了影响高吸水树脂性能的因素,并考察了其在去离子水中和NaCl、CaCl2、MgCl2溶液中的吸水性,以及高温高压下高吸水树脂的保水性。结果表明,加入HMAC阳离子单体,高吸水树脂的耐盐性增加,初始吸水速率增加,饱和吸水率下降,且高温高压下保水性增强。     

淀粉接枝双乙烯基单体的合成及应用研究进展

介绍了淀粉与二元单体的接枝共聚物在高吸水树脂、生物降解塑料、絮凝剂、纺织浆料及造纸助剂、采油助剂等方面的研究、开发、应用情况,并对其发展前景做了评述.     

PAAAM高吸水树脂吸液及保水性能研究

以丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为单体合成了PAAAM高吸水树脂,研究了该树脂在不同介质中的吸液性能,以及在自然蒸发条件下树脂用量及不同介质溶液对土壤保水率的影响.结果表明,该树脂在蒸馏水中的吸液倍率最大,在人工尿中的吸液倍率最小.PAAAM高吸水树脂用量为1.5％时,土壤保水率下降明显减慢,土壤保水性能提高.且树脂用量越多,土壤保水率下降越慢.PAAAM高吸水树脂在自来水中的保水率优于在0.9％食盐水中的保水率,该树脂更适合在沙质土壤中使用.     

高吸水树脂溶胀理论研究现状

结合实际应用,对目前高吸水树脂溶胀理论研究现状进行了概述。从结构和热力学两个方面介绍了高吸水树脂的吸水理论,表明树脂的吸水跟其内在结构和吸水过程中的化学势有关。重点介绍了树脂的溶胀理论,阐述了Flory溶胀平衡理论的基本内涵,研究了温度、溶液的p H值、盐浓度等对溶胀过程的影响。最后介绍了溶胀过程中的动力学以及溶液在树脂中的扩散现象。     

聚丙烯酸盐类吸水树脂合成工艺研究

介绍了聚丙烯酸盐高吸水树脂常用的合成工艺及其性能的表征，综述了水溶液法和反相悬浮法聚合工艺和助剂的改进，并介绍了高吸水树脂性能改进的措施。     

腈纶废丝水解法制备高吸水树脂

介绍了由腈纶丝常压皂化水解,Al~(3+)交联制备高吸水树脂的新工艺。研究了水解工艺条件对水解产物的影响及水解产物粘度、交联剂用量、吸收的水质等对吸水率的影响。制得的高吸水树脂吸收蒸馏水可达477g/g,吸收生理盐水可达55g/g。     

CZQ—I型全自动包装码垛线在PVA树脂包装领域中的应用

我国的聚乙烯醇(PVA)产量占世界PVA产量的30％以上，而长期以来国内PVA产品的包装却一直处于人工套袋的半自动包装状态。相对于颗粒状的PET树脂而言，絮状PVA树脂对自动上袋、包装技术要求更高。针对PVA树脂特点专门设计的具有九十年代中期国际先进水平的CZQ—Ⅰ型全自动包装码垛线改变了国内PVA产品包装的落后局面，值得在PVA包装领域推广。     

热聚环戊二烯树脂的合成

<正> 一、前言环戊二烯树脂是七十年代前后国外研究较多的产物,它的合成方法有多种,用不同方法合成的树脂的性能也各不相同。我们首先用热聚方法合成了环戊二烯及其共聚树脂,这种树脂分子内含有不饱和双键,可与其他活性物质进一步反应,作为制造涂料、胶粘剂、油墨、橡     

新颖含硅芳基多炔树脂的合成与性能

利用有机硅对聚芳基多炔进行改性研究,以卤代硅烷与芳基乙炔为原料,通过有机镁格氏试剂与卤代硅烷的缩合反应,合成了新颖结构的芳基多炔树脂;通过改变反应原料的配比,得到了不同相对分子质量的树脂。利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、凝胶色谱对树脂进行表征,利用差示扫描量热和热失重分析对树脂进行热性能测试。研究表明,所合成的树脂具有良好的加工性能与优良的耐热性能。     

Tuning of properties of alkyl phenol formaldehyde resins in petroleum demulsifiers: 1. Emulsion stability test

This research studies the interactions between nonylphenol ethoxylates (10 and 20 moles of ethylene oxide) and two polymeric resins (ethoxylated alkyl phenol formaldehyde resins), and its dehydrating effect on the Furrial and Carabobo crude oils. The demulsification performance of these resins was studied according to the cyclohexane dilution method. Results show that resins can be modulated when mixed with other low molecular nonionic surfactants, fact that enhances their demulsifying performance. The results obtained in this study quantified the effect of polymer resins to counteract the effect of asphaltenes as stabilizers of emulsions of water in oil.     

Need for a better safety evaluation of food contact materials produced from resins

Historically, due to the often overwhelming complexity of the substances migrating from food contact materials (FCMs) into food, the specific legislation in Europe started from the substances used to manufacture these materials and articles. There are, however, FCMs with migrates almost exclusively consisting of reaction products, such as those produced from resins used, e.g. for coatings (epoxy resins, polyesters, organosols, trimellitic acid resins). Since the reaction products do not necessarily have the same toxicological profile as the starting substances to produce the resins, the use of authorized starting substances does not rule out the migration of compounds endangering human health. The European framework Regulation 1935/2004 requires the safety of all substances migrating from FCMs into food. Resolution AP2004/1 on coatings of the Council of Europe puts the emphasis on the safety evaluation of the migrants rather than that of the substances used for manufacturing the resins and then the coatings. Nonetheless, the Code of Practice for Coatings recently issued by industry focuses on the evaluation of the starting substances to produce resins. The authors of this paper consider the present situation unsatisfactory. It is the duty of industry to respect the legal requirements and of the regulatory authorities to ensure that these requirements are met. The authors recommend setting a time limit to have this achieved.     

过氧化物改性对LLDPE流变特性的影响

研究了兰州石化公司石化厂生产的LLDPE（牌号LL103AA）及其过氧化物改性料的流变模型;分析了它们的流变特性,并对它们的加工性能进行了对比。结果表明改性后的LLDPE具有更好的加工性能。     

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF ASPHALTENES FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES

Asphaltenes and resins are two of the several, but important, heavy organics present in petroleum fluids. Asphaltenes are operationally defined as the non-colatile and polar fraction of petroleum that is insoluble in n-alkanes (i.e., n-pentane). Conversely resins are defined as the non-colatile and polar fraction of petroleum that is soluble in n-alkanes (i.e., n-pentane), and aromatic solvents (i.e., toluene), and insoluble in ethyl acetate. A commonly accepted view in the petroleum chemistry is that crude oil asphaltenes form micelles which are stabilized by adsorbed resins kept in solution by aromatics. Two key parameters that control the stability of asphaltene micelles in a crude oil are the ratio of aromatics to saturates and that of resins to asphaltenes. When these ratios decrease, asphaltene micelles will coalesce and form larger aggregates. The precipitation of asphaltene aggregates can cause problems such as reservoir plugging and wettability reversal.     

ASPHALTENIC CRUDE OIL CHARACTERIZATION: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF ASPHALTENES

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) latroscan were used to characterize an asphaltenic stock tank oil (STO) from the North Sea. The whole STO was separated into saturates, aromatics, polars 1 (resins 1), polars 2 (resins 2) and asphaltene fractions. The separated resins (1) and the more polar resins (2), also termed asphaltene peptizing agents, were further characterized by HPLC in terms of their neutral, basic, pyrrolic and acidic components. Resins (1) and resins (2) were mixed in different proportions with whole (original) STO; the resulting mixtures were tested for asphaltene onsets of precipitation due to n-C5 injection at 25° C and 690 kPa. Results of these tests are presented and the observed trends are explained in terms of resins characters and/ or major constituents.     

ASPHALTENIC CRUDE OIL CHARACTERIZATION: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF ASPHALTENES

ABSTRACT

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) latroscan were used to characterize an asphaltenic stock tank oil (STO) from the North Sea. The whole STO was separated into saturates, aromatics, polars 1 (resins 1), polars 2 (resins 2) and asphaltene fractions. The separated resins (1) and the more polar resins (2), also termed asphaltene peptizing agents, were further characterized by HPLC in terms of their neutral, basic, pyrrolic and acidic components. Resins (1) and resins (2) were mixed in different proportions with whole (original) STO; the resulting mixtures were tested for asphaltene onsets of precipitation due to n-C5 injection at 25° C and 690 kPa. Results of these tests are presented and the observed trends are explained in terms of resins characters and/ or major constituents.     

UTILITY OF PETROLEUM RESIDUA

Studies of the transformation of asphaltites into anion exchange resins with properties comparable to those of industrial resins show that petroleum residua are a source of these important materials. Detailed studies of the molecular morphology show that the mechanism of structure formation is similar to the polycondensation processes for manufacture of synthetic polymers. There is a need to focus attention on the potential monomers in petroleum residua. The residua are convenient raw materials with great potential for organic, macromolecular, and petrochemical synthesis.     

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF ASPHALTENES FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES

ABSTRACT

Asphaltenes and resins are two of the several, but important, heavy organics present in petroleum fluids. Asphaltenes are operationally defined as the non-colatile and polar fraction of petroleum that is insoluble in n-alkanes (i.e., n-pentane). Conversely resins are defined as the non-colatile and polar fraction of petroleum that is soluble in n-alkanes (i.e., n-pentane), and aromatic solvents (i.e., toluene), and insoluble in ethyl acetate. A commonly accepted view in the petroleum chemistry is that crude oil asphaltenes form micelles which are stabilized by adsorbed resins kept in solution by aromatics. Two key parameters that control the stability of asphaltene micelles in a crude oil are the ratio of aromatics to saturates and that of resins to asphaltenes. When these ratios decrease, asphaltene micelles will coalesce and form larger aggregates. The precipitation of asphaltene aggregates can cause problems such as reservoir plugging and wettability reversal.