苦瓜乳复合饮料的工艺研究

研究了具有营养保健功能的苦瓜乳复合饮料的加工工艺。结果表明:以鲜苦瓜为原料,用100mg/kg葡萄糖酸锌作为护色剂、1%β-环糊精作为苦味包埋剂,可制得质量良好的苦瓜汁;采用鲜牛乳:苦瓜汁=8:2的原料配比,蔗糖9%,复合稳定剂0.15%等工艺条件,可得到品质优良的苦瓜乳复合饮料。     

鲜葛根海带复合饮料的研究

以鲜葛根汁和用柠檬皮脱腥处理的海带浸提液为原料,研制出鲜葛根海带复合饮料。经过单因素试验和正交试验得出:在0.3%柠檬酸添加量的基础上,复合饮料的最佳配比为:每100g复合饮料中含海带浸提液12g、葛根汁18g、蔗糖5.5g。     

青钱柳-葛根复合发酵型饮料发酵工艺优化

以青钱柳液和葛根汁为原料,加入酵母菌和植物乳杆菌植物亚种（Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum）,进行分步发酵生产青钱柳-葛根复合发酵型饮料。在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,优化青钱柳-葛根复合发酵型饮料发酵工艺。结果表明,青钱柳-葛根复合发酵型饮料最佳的发酵工艺为：青钱柳液与葛根汁比例1∶1（V/V）,酵母接种量0.5%,一次发酵时间24 h,植物乳杆菌植物亚种接种量3.5%,二次发酵时间16 h。在此优化发酵工艺条件下,青钱柳-葛根复合发酵型饮料具有青钱柳和葛根的清香味,口感柔和,酸甜适口,感官评分达91.7分,酒精度为0.2%vol,总酸含量为2.49 g/L,糖度为8.3 °Bx,pH值为3.58,总黄酮含量达5.15 mg/g。     

正交试验优化香菇葛根复合饮料工艺

以香菇、葛根为主要原料制作复合饮料,利用单因素实验和正交试验对影响复合饮料的主要因素:香菇汁用量、葛根汁用量、木糖醇用量、柠檬酸用量进行分析,优化出最佳工艺参数。结果表明:复合饮料最佳工艺参数为香菇汁用量15%、葛根汁用量20%、柠檬酸用量0.13%、木糖醇用量6%,在此条件下,复合饮料感官评分值为95.93分。此香菇葛根复合饮料酸甜适口,风味纯正,营养丰富。     

黄花梨鲜白莲复合饮料加工工艺

以黄花梨、鲜白莲为主要原料,运用正交试验法对黄花梨鲜白莲复合饮料的加工工艺进行研究,结果表明复合饮料的最佳配方为:黄花梨汁40%,莲子乳35%,蔗糖7%;复合乳化稳定剂最适配比为单甘酯0.05%,蔗糖酯0.15%,黄原胶0.05%,海藻胶0.10%,卡拉胶0.05%.     

黑加仑葛根饮料的研制及其抗疲劳作用研究

以黑加仑、葛根为主要原料,利用Box-Benhnken响应面分析法,研究黑加仑葛根复合饮料的最佳生产工艺,同时通过建立小鼠负重游泳训练模型,研究该复合饮料的抗疲劳功能。结果表明,黑加仑葛根复合饮料的最佳配方:黑加仑汁与葛根汁体积比为2∶1、蔗糖添加量为15%、柠檬酸添加量为0.15%。在此配方下,复合饮料的感官评分高达59分,得到一款口感独特、酸甜适中的新颖复合饮料。同时对小鼠连续灌胃14 d后,发现该款复合饮料能够延长小鼠负重游泳时间,具有一定的抗疲劳效果。     

葛根酸奶的工艺研究

对具有营养保健功能的葛根酸奶的加工工艺进行了初步探讨.结果表明以鲜葛根为原料,用0.05%Vc+0.1%柠檬酸作为护色剂,可制得色泽洁白,质量良好的葛根汁;采用葛根汁鲜牛奶＝37的原料配比,将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌以11混合作为发酵剂进行发酵,采用接种量3%,加蔗糖量8%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间5h等工艺条件,可得到品质风味优良的葛根酸奶.     

无糖葛根酸奶的工艺研究

对具有营养保健功能的无糖葛根酸奶的加工工艺进行了初步探讨。结果表明:以鲜葛根为原料,用0.05%VC+0.1%柠檬酸作为护色剂,可制得色泽洁白,质量良好的葛根汁;采用葛根汁:鲜牛奶=3:7的原料配比,阿斯巴甜0.05%,明胶0.15%,将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌以1:1混合作为发酵剂进行发酵,接种量3%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间5h等工艺条件,可得到品质风味优良的无糖葛根酸奶。     

紫甘薯、大枣、山楂复合饮料制备工艺

选择紫甘薯、大枣、山楂等果蔬为主要原料,研究复合饮料的配方、加工工艺和关键技术。通过不同配比的研究,找出复合饮料的最佳配比为:紫甘薯汁∶大枣汁∶山渣汁=64.5∶21.0∶14.5(体积比)。利用正交试验筛选出该复合饮料的最佳配方为:复合汁(紫甘薯汁、大枣汁、山渣汁)95%,蔗糖4%、柠檬酸0.06%。该复合饮料色泽紫红,口感好,酸甜适口,具有浓郁大枣和紫甘薯的复合香气,是一种营养价值较高的天然饮品。     

葛根清汁复合饮料配方优化

以葛根汁为主要原料,辅以适量的藤茶、苦丁茶、金银花和甜茶水提汁,研制葛根清汁复合饮料。感官评分为评价指标,通过正交试验对葛根清汁复合饮料进行配方优化。结果表明,葛根清汁饮料最佳配方为：葛根汁添加量35%,藤茶汁添加量2.5%,苦丁茶汁添加量7.5%,金银花汁添加量10%,甜茶汁添加量10%,β-环糊精0.3 g/100 mL,抗坏血酸0.04 g/100 mL,蜂蜜5 g/100 mL。以该配方研制的饮料产品,其色泽橙黄、酸甜适口、茶香柔和、风味协调、且总黄酮含量高达0.74 mg/mL。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the