双层特征优化的视觉运动目标跟踪算法

视觉监控中运动目标跟踪容易受到遮挡、目标快 速运动与外观变化等因素的素影响,单层特征难以有 效解决这些问题。为此,提出一种像素级与区域级特征组合优化的视觉跟踪算法。首 先在像素级利用 目标和背景区域颜色特征的后验概率对目标与背景进行初步判别;然后对候选区域进行超像 素分割,并依据 像素级的判断结果,在超像素区域内利用投票决策模型对目标与背景信息进行统计分析,得 到精确的目标位 置分布;最后结合均值漂移迭代搜索得到目标的准确位置,并利用双层判别结果对目标跟踪 过程的遮挡情况 进行检测,同时动态更新目标以及背景区域信息以适应目标外观与场景变化。与典型算法进 行对比的实验结 果表明,本文算法能够有效应对目标遮挡与快速运动等因素的影响,适用于复杂场景条件下 实时的运动目标跟踪。     

基于超像素分割和混合权值AdaBoost运动检测算法

针对长时间目标跟踪检测不准确问题,提出一种结合运动场景的超像素分割与混合权值的Ada Boost多目标检测(ABSP)算法。首先在动态模型中,计算Ada Boost算法的混合权值,检测运动目标,确定搜索区域,提高多目标跟踪检测能力;在训练阶段,采用SLIC分割与Mean-Shift聚类形成超像素图块,构建目标外观模型;在跟踪阶段,结合超像素特征池生成模板直方图与置信图,构建观测模型与运动模型,采用粒子滤波与贝叶斯模型,计算最大后验估计,实现遮挡运动目标检测。结果表明:能够有效处理数目变化多目标检测与遮挡问题,提高了检测的实时性。     

基于图网络最优匹配的多目标跟踪算法

为解决多目标跟踪任务中复杂场景下因检测器漏检或频繁遮挡导致特征表达信息不足和数据关联不正确的问题.文章提出了一个双线多目标跟踪方法;使用外观与运动的多特征信息解决特征表达信息不足的问题;而数据匹配采用端到端的图网络(GNN)进行图最优匹配,并结合传统匈牙利算法优化数据关联.实验在MOT数据集上与近年来经典跟踪方法进行了...     

基于卡尔曼滤波和多种信息融合的在线多目标跟踪算法

针对在线多目标跟踪中检测器造成的漏检、误检问题和目标遮挡情况,提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波和多种信息融合的在线多目标跟踪算法。通过卡尔曼滤波算法对目标进行建模并预测目标的状态;融合目标的空间位置信息和外观深度特征信息,使同一目标之间相似性距离尽量小,并利用匈牙利算法建立跟踪目标和检测目标间的数据关联;利用策略解决未关联的检测目标或跟踪目标等复杂情况。采用MOT16数据集进行实验,实验结果表明能够有效地解决目标交错和遮挡导致跟踪漂移的问题,并且主要跟踪性能参数有显著提高。     

基于仿射不变量的运动目标遮挡检测和跟踪

图像序列中运动目标的遮挡检测和处理是目前在动态图像处理时经常碰到,且比较难于解决的问题。本文针对复杂背景下图像序列的特性,给出了一种基于仿射不变量的多运动目标的遮挡检测和跟踪方法。该法首先给出了仿射不变量向量的构造,以及基于它的遮挡判决准则;然后,结合被跟踪目标的先验知识,给出丁,轨迹线以及遮挡区域的预测方法;最后,给出了依赖于仿射不变量向量的运动目标遮挡和跟踪的详细算法。实验表明新算法较好的解决了复杂背景下序列图像中的运动目标遮挡检测和跟踪的问题,较大的提高了运动目标跟踪算法的鲁棒性;同时新算法具有较快的响应速度。     

自适应更新时空方向能量目标跟踪算法研究

为降低遮挡对目标跟踪性能的影响,提出了一种基于自适应更新时空方向能量的目标跟踪算法。首先依据目标外观模型进行初步跟踪,计算目标平均运动矢量;然后,求取运动目标的时空方向能量特征,构建运动模型;依据运动模型和状态机检测目标状态,生成遮挡掩膜;最后,对不同状态和遮挡情况的目标采用不同的参数自适应更新其外观和运动模型。实验采用国际通用的CAVIAR和York两个公共测试数据集,并用平均跟踪误差和多目标跟踪精确度两个指标评测了跟踪性能。实验结果表明该方法的目标跟踪性能好,尤其是对目标遮挡的鲁棒性强。     

一种高效的分布式多传感器多目标跟踪算法

现有的多传感器多目标跟踪算法大都基于马尔科夫-贝叶斯模型,需要诸如目标运动、杂波、传感器检测概率等先验信息,但是在恶劣的环境中,这些先验信息不准确并导致目标跟踪精度下降.为了解决该情况下的多目标跟踪问题,我们提出了一个高效的分布式多目标跟踪算法,该算法通过泛洪(Flooding)共识算法在分布式网络的传感器之间迭代的传...     

基于关键区域特征匹配的视觉跟踪算法

针对视觉跟踪中目标表观的复杂变化问题,提出了一种基于关键区域特征匹配的鲁棒跟踪算法.首先对目标模板进行初始化并通过滤波预测得到目标候选;然后采用自适应标记分水岭算法对目标模板和目标候选进行分割以提取关键区域,并利用像素的空间和频率分布特性对关键区域进行多重特征描述;最后通过关键区域的特征匹配得到目标模板与目标候选的匹配关系,由此确定最终跟踪结果并进行模板更新.对目标发生尺度、遮挡、旋转、光照、姿态、复杂背景以及运动模糊等变化的视频序列进行了仿真测试.实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效处理目标表观的复杂变化问题,尤其对目标的部分遮挡、光照变化以及复杂背景等具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于超像素时空显著性的运动目标检测算法

针对复杂背景下运动目标检测存在的背景干扰、目标分割不完整等问题,利用目标静态灰度特征和运动特征,结合目标运动连续特性,提出了一种基于超像素时空显著图的运动目标检测算法。首先对图像基于简单线性迭代聚类算法(SLIC)进行超像素分割,以初始超像素为节点、以运动特征差异性为边建立图结构对超像素区域进行合并,得到最终超像素图像,可以有效解决传统超像素分割方法过分割而导致目标被分为多个部分的问题;然后分别利用目标静态特征对比度和运动特征对比度,得到静态显著性图和运动显著性图,并融合得到最终的时空显著性图;最后利用恒虚警处理技术,结合运动连续特性实现目标的检测,可以有效减少虚警目标。实验结果表明,该算法针对复杂背景具有良好的鲁棒性,并且可以比较完整的保留目标的信息。     

基于粒子滤波和联合概率数据关联的目标跟踪算法

为了解决非线性非高斯系统下多目标跟踪问题,对基于粒子滤波和联合概率数据关联的目标跟踪算法进行了深入研究。在多目标聚集且目标跟踪门可能交叉时,考虑使用基于多目标组合采样的JPDA算法,在多目标聚集不严重时,考虑使用基于独立采样的JPDA算法。仿真结果表明：该方法可以有效地解决非线性非高斯下多目标跟踪问题。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks