Dyschromatopsia in diabetes mellitus and its relation to metabolic control

In 102 insulin-dependent diabetic patients without retinopathy and with visual acuity 20/20, the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test was performed, and glycosylated hemoglobin (GlHb) levels were determined. In 70% of the patients, a dyschromatopsia in the yellow-blue axis (tritanopia) was found. No correlation existed between duration of diabetes and tritanopia. On the other hand, the degree of this visual defect was positively correlated with GlHb levels. Thus, dyschromatopsia might be associated with poor metabolic control. It is suggested that dyschromatopsia is a consequence of hypoxia at the neuroepithelial level. The high levels of GlHb could be a contributory cause of hypoxia by reduction of both oxygen release capacity and erythrocyte deformability.     

Physical activity and glycaemic control in children with diabetes mellitus

We report nine case histories of patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital for severe somatic disorders. The somatic disease was either the cause of the psychiatric symptomatology, or it occurred in addition to a well-known psychiatric disorder. For general practitioners and psychiatrists it can be difficult to differentiate between symptoms due to psychiatric disorders and symptoms that indicate somatic disorders. If patients refuse the necessary diagnostic or therapeutic procedures and show behaviour that is not related to good health, there is increased risk for complications and increased morbidity.     

带钢连续机组的张紧装置及张紧力的控制

张紧装置及张紧力的调整、控制是保证现代带钢连续机组正常运转的关键设备和技术。本文对连续机组张紧装置的机理及张紧力的调控方法进行了详细分析，为确定和设计不同机组的张紧力及其设备装置提供了依据。     

Glycemic control and cardiopulmonary function in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: We studied cardiopulmonary function during exercise in young subjects with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) who have no clinical cardiopulmonary disease to determine the relationships of aerobic capacity, gas exchange, ventilatory power requirement, and cardiac output to chronic glycemic control. METHODS: Eighteen subjects with IDDM and 14 normal control subjects were studied. Nine diabetic subjects received twice daily insulin injections and had chronically elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (hyperglycemic group); 9 other diabetic subjects received insulin via continuous infusion pumps and maintained chronic near-normal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (normoglycemic group). At the end of at least 7 years of regular follow-up, aerobic capacity was determined by cycle ergometry. Lung volume, diffusing capacity, and cardiac output during exercise were measured by a rebreathing technique. Ventilatory power was measured by the esophageal balloon technique. RESULTS: Maximal work load and oxygen uptake were markedly impaired in chronically hyperglycemic diabetic patients associated with significant restrictions of lung volume, lung diffusing capacity, and stroke index during exercise. Membrane diffusing capacity was significantly reduced at a given cardiac index. The normoglycemic patients consistently showed less impairment than the hyperglycemic patients. CONCLUSION: Physiologically significant cardiopulmonary dysfunction develops in asymptomatic patients with long-standing IDDM. Chronic maintenance of near-normoglycemia is associated with improved cardiopulmonary function.     

Psychosocial adjustment to and control of diabetes mellitus: Differences by disease type and treatment.

Studied the effects of clinically different types of diabetes and different treatment regimes on the psychosocial adjustment to the disease of 56 Ss with insulin dependent diabetes and 372 noninsulin dependent diabetics. The reliability and validity of the Diabetes Educational Profile, developed for assessment in this study, were examined and supported. Diabetes control was related to disease type and treatment. Psychosocial adjustment was related to disease type and treatment, and control was related to psychosocial adjustment. In assessing the clinical status of diabetics, any evaluation that includes psychosocial adjustment or diabetes control must consider the disease type and treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interaction between sex and social support in the control of Type II diabetes mellitus.

Investigated the role of social support in the control of Type II diabetes mellitus, a common metabolic disorder that is associated with obesity and does not usually require treatment with supplemental insulin. 19 male and 18 female Ss (mean age 52.97 yrs) who had Type II diabetes mellitus completed the Social Support Questionnaire and provided blood samples to assess glycosylated hemoglobins (an index of long-term diabetes control). Results show that for females, satisfaction with supportive relationships was associated with control of the diabetic state. Conversely, satisfaction with supportive relationships was negatively associated with control for males. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Increased synthesis of prostaglandin-E-like material by platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus

We studied the effects of ADP, epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid on platelet production of immunoreactive prostaglandin-E-like material and aggregation in 17 subjects with diabetes mellitus and 21 matched controls. Plateletrich plasma obtained from patients synthesized significantly (P less than 0.05) greater quantities of the prostaglandin-E-like material after exposure to 1 muM ADP, 1, 2 and 5 muM epinephrine and 1 microgram per milliliter of collagen than platelet-rich plasma obtained from controls. That obtained from the diabetic patients was significantly more sensitive (P less than 0.001) to the aggregating effects of the prostaglandin precursor, arachidonic acid, in vitro as compared to controls. Diabetic platelet-rich plasma metabolized arachidonic acid (0.5 mM) to immunoreactive prostaglandin-E-like material at a significantly greater rate (P less than 0.05) and extent (P less than 0.001) than that of controls. Thus, platelets obtained from diabetic patients possess increased activity of the prostaglandin synthetase system, and this characteristic may be related to the increased platelet aggregation associated with the disease.     

Psychological reactions at the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children and later adjustment and metabolic control

The initial psychological reactions at the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in a population-based sample of 76 children were studied with staff observations and a self-report questionnaire for children 12 years of age and more. Younger children reacted with more anger and less distress than the older children. High initial self-reported distress was associated with poorer subjective psychological IDDM adjustment at a follow-up 10 months later for the older children. The children's initial reactions as well as later adjustment were intimately associated with maternal initial reactions in the total group. The metabolic control, estimated as the mean level of the major fraction of glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb AIc) during the first 2 years, was poorer in the adolescent group. Initial anxiety over injections and protest but low general distress in mothers and children were associated with better metabolic control.     

Growth factors and the kidney in diabetes mellitus

Nephromegaly and mesangial matrix expansion observed in the diabetic kidney are all clues of a role of growth factors in the pathogenesis of these lesions. A growing body of evidence shows that changes in (1) insulin-like growth factor I regulation, and (2) the transforming growth factor beta loop exist in the kidney in the diabetic hypertrophic kidney and in diabetic glomerulosclerosis. However, other growth factors may be involved in some diabetic renal changes. The abnormalities in growth factor content and regulation, the role of growth factors in the diabetic kidney, and the effect of hyperglycemia and advanced glycosylation end products on growth factors in the kidney are reviewed.     

厚度自动控制系统及平整机控制系统数学模型分析

板带生产过程的两种自动化控制系统:厚度自动控制和恒压力平整机自动控制,这两种控制方式以往是完全独立的,而DAGC将两种系统由一种数学模型描述。DAGC的平整机控制系统与常规的平整机控制系统相比较,不仅系统简单而且控制精度高。该方法已被试验证明,需进一步进行工业化试验和应用。     

Albuminuria and glycemic control. The significance for mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]

The impact of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria on mortality was evaluated prospectively in 328 Caucasian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) followed for five years. One hundred and ninety-one patients with normoalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate (AER) < 30 mg/24 h), 86 patients with microalbuminuria (AER 30-299 mg/24 h), and 51 patients with macroalbuminuria (AER > or = 300 mg/24 h) all less than 66 years old at start of the study were followed from 1987 until death or until 1 January 1993. Eight percent of patients with normoalbuminuria, 20% of patients with microalbuminuria, and 35% of patients with macroalbuminuria had died, predominantly from cardiovascular disease. Significant predictors of all-cause mortality included preexisting coronary heart disease, AER, HbA1c level and age. Significant predictors of cardiovascular mortality included preexisting coronary heart disease, macroalbuminuria, HbA1c level and systolic blood pressure. Abnormally elevated urinary albumin excretion and poor glycaemic control indicate a substantially increased all-cause, mainly cardiovascular, mortality risk in NIDDM patients.     

Age at onset and long-term metabolic control affect height in type-1 diabetes mellitus

Reduced height as a consequence of type-I-diabetes mellitus in childhood has been reported in many studies. However, it is still debated whether good metabolic control can normalize the growth rate. A total of 436 children (204 boys, 232 girls, mean age at diagnosis of diabetes 8.2+/-0.2 years) were followed at our outpatient diabetes centre. Z-scores for height were evaluated in relation to duration of diabetes, age at onset and long-term metabolic control. At diagnosis, height in children with diabetes was significantly above the reference population (+0.43+/-0.09). Standardized height decreased during the subsequent course of diabetes. This likely represents a delay of growth, as the final height (chronological age > 18 years, n = 144) was +0.27+/-0.09. Growth reduction was more pronounced in patients diagnosed before the onset of puberty and final height in patients with a prepubertal onset of diabetes was significantly lower (+0.10+/-0.13) compared to patients with a pubertal/postpubertal onset (+0.52+/-0.14). Among patients with a prepubertal onset, the subgroup with "poor" metabolic control (long-term median HbA(Ic) >7%) lost significantly more height compared to patients with "good" metabolic control. CONCLUSION: Despite modern treatment regimens, reduced longitudinal growth can still be demonstrated in type-I diabetes. This parameter therefore provides a valuable endpoint for quality control in paediatric diabetology.     

原子吸收法白烟尘中铟的测定

原子吸收光谱分析中,采用标准加入法来测定样品中干扰难以排除的元素是行之有效的方法.基于此本文分别采用了王水溶样,王水-氟化铵溶样和碱熔样处理转炉白烟尘,通过对三种方法得到的数据评估后采用碱熔样,最终采用标准加入法测定转炉白烟尘的铟.本文详细介绍了采用Excel2006处理实验数据,很大程度上简化了计算与绘图.     

Effects of weight cycling and metabolic control in male outpatients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Examined the effects of losing and regaining or gaining and relosing body weight in weight cycling (WC) vs weight maintenance (WM) on metabolic control. Ss were 327 adult male outpatient veterans (mean age 62.8 yrs) with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who were followed an average of 3.4 yrs. When compared with WM, WC, whether defined as a categorical or as a continuous variable, was not associated with deficits in metabolic control or increased need for hypoglycemic medication. Ss who weight cycled had fasting serum glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels comparable to those who remained within 10% of their initial body weights, and these levels of metabolic control were obtained with similar classes and dosages of hypoglycemic medication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of glycemic control on saliva flow rates and protein composition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Records from patients admitted to the surgical or medical department or examined in the respective outpatient departments in a Kuwaiti district hospital were reviewed retrospectively to discern the demographic characteristics of patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI), underlying conditions, pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Kuwaiti nationals constituted the largest group, followed by Egyptians, which in the population of 225 patients studied comprised 41% and 27%, respectively; 65 of these 225 patients (29%) had urinary stones; 33 of the 92 Kuwaiti patients (36%) had diabetes mellitus; 38 of the 60 Egyptian patients (63%) had urinary stones and 18 had bilharziasis (30%). Pathogens were isolated 353 times from 225 patients. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and several other organisms in those patients with bilharziasis, urinary stones, and especially diabetes mellitus, displayed lower susceptibility frequencies to antimicrobials in comparison with other surgical and medical UTI isolates. Surgical and medical UTI organisms showed an overall higher antimicrobial resistance frequency than did UTI organisms from the maternity department or regional clinics. More than half of the population of Kuwaiti consists of expatriates from different countries. Such a population structure can exhibit peculiarities when health is considered. All this should be taken into consideration while dealing with disease management.