圆形钢管混凝土柱中钢-混凝土界面接触热阻的理论分析

目前现有不多的计算受火条件下钢-混凝土组合结构温度场方法中,一个主要的不足是忽略了钢与混凝土界面处接触热阻的影响,这将对钢-混凝土组合结构温度场的精确分析、高温下结构(构件)的力学性能以及结构(构件)耐火极限的精确分析产生一定程度的影响。采用综合考虑钢材和混凝土热物理参数的方法进行分析推导,通过求解热传导方程导出了圆形钢管混凝土柱中钢管内壁与核心混凝土间接触热阻的数学表达式。研究为进一步精确分析高温下钢管混凝土柱的力学性能及耐火极限提供了一种新的方法。     

受火作用下钢管混凝土柱非线性接触热阻理论分析

目前现有的受高温火作用下钢管混凝土柱温度场的分析方法中,大多数学者考虑了界面处接触热阻的影响,但鲜有考虑接触热阻的非线性变化,这将对钢管混凝土柱温度场的精确分析产生一定程度的影响。从高温下钢管混凝土柱传热机理出发,考虑了初始间隙、界面温度、以及钢管与混凝土黑度等多种因素的影响,建立了接触热阻非线性模型。结合实际试验工况验证了理论的合理可行性,为精确分析高温下钢管混凝土柱的温度场提供了新的方法。     

钢混凝土界面接触热阻试验研究

火灾条件下钢管与混凝土间界面热阻对结构温度场有很大影响。利用INSTRON 8874型高温材料试验机的高温接触热阻试验装置对钢-混凝土界面接触热阻进行了试验研究,根据各测点的温度时间历程曲线,利用多项式拟和方法外推得到钢、混凝土界面处温度值,通过热传导方程和接触热阻定义得到了界面接触热阻。试验结果表明,不同界面压力下钢管混凝土界面的接触热阻数值比较稳定,与文献结果相比有一定可靠性;无界面压力下钢管混凝土界面的接触热阻数值离散性大,随温度变化明显。     

火灾下钢管混凝土柱受热分析模型

建立火灾下钢管混凝土柱的受热分析模型以便于在抗火分析和防火设计中应用。首先基于传热学的基本理论确定了火灾下钢管混凝土柱与火场的热交换过程,然后根据能量守恒原理和热力学理论确定了钢管混凝土柱截面内的导热过程,推导了有限差分形式的截面温度场计算的基本方程,最后编制了数值计算程序来模拟钢管混凝土柱截面内的温度场。分析模型中重点考虑了水分和接触热阻对截面温度场的影响。数值程序的计算结果与试验结果符合得较好。     

新型圆截面钢-混凝土-CFRP-混凝土实心组合柱及其耐火性能

提出了新型圆截面钢-混凝土-CFRP-混凝土实心组合柱(简称为SCCC组合柱),利用火灾下建筑构件内温度场分析有限元软件TFIELD,分析了自然火灾曲线下SCCC组合柱内温度场,计算了CFRP的温度-时间曲线。通过与基体材料的玻璃化转变温度比较,得到了SCCC组合柱的耐火时间。计算表明:新型圆截面钢-混凝土-CFRP-混凝土实心组合柱具有良好的耐火性能。     

型钢混凝土构件截面温度场有限元分析

采用ABAQUS有限元软件,对规范规定的最小截面尺寸和最小混凝土保护层厚度的型钢混凝土柱、梁和剪力墙截面的温度场进行了分析,考虑了型钢和混凝土间的界面接触热阻,分析了型钢含钢率以及火灾降温段的影响。结果表明:考虑界面接触热阻可得到更为精确的温度结果;型钢含钢率越大,型钢截面的最大温度越低;考虑火灾降温段的影响时,内部型钢存在升温滞后现象,型钢含钢率在4%~5%范围内时,一级耐火升温时间的型钢混凝土柱、梁、剪力墙的型钢最大温度分别为314.27℃、485.32℃和428.51℃。对于内部型钢位置处的最大温度,可偏于保守的参照钢筋混凝土截面的计算结果取值。     

L形钢管混凝土芯柱温度场分析

研究高温下钢管混凝土芯柱的承载力及变形变化规律。分析钢管混凝土芯柱的温度场,合理地确定火灾情况下钢管混凝土芯柱受火模型,利用ABAQUS有限元软件进行分析。给出试件不同时刻的温度场分布云图和各测点的温度变化曲线。构件从受火面到背火面,温度逐渐降低,而且相差较大。有限元分析充分反映了混凝土材料随着温度上升出现的滞后现象,与理论分析相一致,为进一步认识钢管混凝土芯柱的高温力学性能和耐火极限分析提供依据。     

用ANSYS分析钢-混凝土组合柱的温度场

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对火灾情况下钢-混凝土组合柱的温度场进行分析,获得了构件截面温度场的分布规律,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,从而为进一步深入认识钢-混凝土组合结构的高温下力学性能创造了条件。     

高温下钢管约束型钢混凝土柱的受力性能

火灾下无防火保护的结构构件温度会迅速上升,从而造成钢材和混凝土的强度明显下降。为了研究火灾下钢管约束型钢混凝土柱的受力性能,考虑火灾下钢管约束型钢混凝土柱的不均匀温度分布及温度对材料力学性能的影响,提出了火灾下受轴心荷载作用的钢管约束型钢混凝土柱承载力的计算方法。利用有限元软件ABAQUS对提出的计算方法进行了验证,结果吻合较好。进而采用该计算方法对影响高温下承载力的参数进行了分析,研究表明:随着构件截面尺寸的增加以及混凝土强度和钢材强度的提高,构件的承载力逐渐增加,而钢管壁厚的改变对承载力并无太大影响。利用有限元软件ABAQUS分析了荷载比、构件尺寸、钢管壁厚等因素对构件耐火极限的影响,发现耐火极限随着荷载比和钢管壁厚的增加而减小,随着构件尺寸的增加而增大。     

圆钢管混凝土柱火灾升温试验及钢管温度计算方法

钢管混凝土柱充分利用了钢和混凝土各自的优点,具有良好的结构受力性能和经济性,且施工方便,广泛应用于工程建设。由于钢管内部的混凝土能吸收大量的热量,钢管混凝土柱的抗火性能优于纯钢柱;但若不对其进行防火保护,大部分情况下其耐火极限不能满足规范要求;若对其按纯钢柱进行抗火设计,又会造成很大的浪费。目前国内外对钢管混凝土柱的耐火性能及抗火设计已进行了大量的研究,提出了一些抗火设计方法,但这些方法在实际工程应用中比较复杂,简便性有待提高。构件在火灾下的截面温度分布是抗火设计的基础,为此对10个圆钢管混凝土柱试件进行了标准火灾下非加载耐火试验,得到了火灾下截面温度分布情况;并进行了钢管混凝土柱火灾下截面温度场有限元分析,研究了柱直径、钢管厚度等的影响。进而提出了火灾下钢管混凝土柱钢管温度简化计算方法,其计算精度得到了试验及有限元计算结果的验证。     

Fire design method for concrete filled tubular columns based on equivalent concrete core cross-section

In this work, a method for a realistic cross-sectional temperature prediction and a simplified fire design method for circular concrete filled tubular columns under axial load are presented. The generalized lack of simple proposals for computing the cross-sectional temperature field of CFT columns when their fire resistance is evaluated is evident. Even Eurocode 4 Part 1-2, which provides one of the most used fire design methods for composite columns, does not give any indications to the designers for computing the cross-sectional temperatures. Given the clear necessity of having an available method for that purpose, in this paper a set of equations for computing the temperature distribution of circular CFT columns filled with normal strength concrete is provided. First, a finite differences thermal model is presented and satisfactorily validated against experimental results for any type of concrete infill. This model consideres the gap at steel–concrete interface, the moisture content in concrete and the temperature dependent properties of both materials. Using this model, a thermal parametric analysis is executed and from the corresponding statistical analysis of the data generated, the practical expressions are derived. The second part of the paper deals with the development of a fire design method for axially loaded CFT columns based on the general rules stablished in Eurocode 4 Part 1-1 and employing the concept of room temperature equivalent concrete core cross-section. In order to propose simple equations, a multiple nonlinear regression analysis is made with the numerical results generated through a thermo-mechanical parametric analysis. Once more, predicted results are compared to experimental values giving a reasonable accuracy and slightly safe results.     

1截面形式对高温下钢管混凝土柱轴向加载性能的影响

钢管混凝土柱能够最大限度地发挥材料特性,现广泛用于建筑结构中。钢管混凝土柱承载能力高,能量吸收能力强,结构的抗火性能好。描述了含4种截面形式的一系列钢管混凝土柱在标准火下的抗火性能。按照以下方式将钢管混凝土柱分为三组:室温下截面强度相等、钢管截面面积相等、混凝土截面面积相等。采用ABAQUS软件分析组合柱的温度分布、临界温度和过火时间等情况。基于典型参数的分析和对比,讨论了不同截面形式钢管混凝土柱的温度分布和抗火性能。结果显示,圆截面钢管混凝土柱抗火性能最佳,接下来是椭圆截面、正方形截面和矩形截面。在该研究的基础上,给出了高温下钢管混凝土柱的简化设计方程。     

Finite element analysis of concrete-filled circular steel tubular columns subjected to post-earthquake fire

为研究圆钢管混凝土柱经历地震损伤后的耐火性能,选取了合理的地震损伤指数及材料本构模型,采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对钢管混凝土柱在往复荷载和火灾等不同工况下的试验进行了数值模拟验证。在验证模型可靠性的基础上,利用ABAQUS中的数据传递功能,建立了震损后圆钢管混凝土柱耐火极限有限元计算模型。以圆钢管混凝土典型轴心受压柱为分析对象,对其先后经历地震和火灾作用下的破坏形态、损伤机理进行了分析,研究了损伤指数对圆钢管混凝土柱震后耐火极限的影响。结果表明：震损后圆钢管混凝土柱在高温下的破坏形态是在前期地震损伤基础上的发展和蔓延;地震损伤指数是影响圆钢管混凝土柱震后耐火极限的重要参数,随着地震损伤指数增大,圆钢管混凝土柱的耐火极限有所减小。     

Shape effect on the behaviour of axially loaded concrete filled steel tubular stub columns at elevated temperature

Concrete filled steel tubular columns have been extensively used in modern construction owing to that they utilise the most favourable properties of both constituent materials. It has been recognized that concrete filled tubular columns provide excellent structural properties such as high load bearing capacity, ductility, large energy-absorption capacity and good structural fire behaviour. This paper presents the structural fire behaviour of a series of concrete filled steel tubular stub columns with four typical column sectional shapes in standard fire. The selected concrete filled steel tube stub columns are divided into three groups by equal section strength at ambient temperature, equal steel cross sectional areas and equal concrete core cross sectional areas. The temperature distribution, critical temperature and fire exposing time etc. of selected composite columns are extracted by numerical simulations using commercial FE package ABAQUS. Based on the analysis and comparison of typical parameters, the effect of column sectional shapes on member temperature distribution and structural fire behaviour are discussed. It shows concrete steel tubular column with circular section possesses the best structural fire behaviour, followed by columns with elliptical, square and rectangular sections. Based on this research study, a simplified equation for the design of concrete filled columns at elevated temperature is proposed.     

圆钢管及钢管混凝土柱的抗火设计

分别对圆钢管、钢管混凝土、中空夹层钢管混凝土柱进行了抗火设计,并对结果进行比较分析。结果表明,在较高荷载比下柱的耐火极限不能满足实际要求,必须进行防火保护。在相同条件下,耐火极限从大到小排序为:圆钢管混凝土、中空夹层钢管混凝土、钢管柱。在一级耐火等级下,钢管混凝土柱和中空夹层钢管混凝土柱需要厚涂型钢结构防火涂料的厚度可比钢管柱分别少55%和18%以上。随着荷载比的减小或截面尺寸的增加,柱的耐火极限提高,需要的保护层厚度减小。对于钢管混凝土柱,若采用水泥砂浆保护层,其厚度是防火涂料的3倍及以上。     

Fire behaviour of high strength self-consolidating concrete filled steel tubular stub columns

This paper reports an investigation into the behaviour of high strength SCC (self-consolidating concrete) filled steel tubular stub columns exposed to standard fire. A series of tests were carried out to obtain the temperature distribution, axial deformation, limiting temperature of steel and fire endurance of the SCC filled steel tubular stub columns. In addition, a finite element analysis (FEA) model was proposed and used to simulate the fire behaviour of the columns. In the FEA modeling, a sensitivity study was conducted to determine the concrete fracture energy and the contact property of the steel and concrete interface. The verified FEA model was used to analyse the structural behaviour of the columns under fire exposure, such as strain, stress, the load sharing between the steel tube and concrete and local buckling of the steel tube, to gain an insight into the failure mechanism of the columns.     

Fire performance of self-consolidating concrete filled double skin steel tubular columns: Experiments

An investigation into the fire performance of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) filled double skin tubular columns (CFDST) during the standard fire test is reported. Six full size SCC filled CFDST columns were designed for the fire tests. Detail failure modes of overall specimens and each component in the columns as well as temperatures, deformation and fire endurance were presented. Fire performance of the CFDST columns were studied through analysis of the limiting temperature of the outer tube, composite action between steel and concrete and effect of a number of parameters on the fire endurance. It showed that the limiting temperature in the CFDST columns is significantly higher than that in concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns or critical temperature in steel structural components. Strong evidence was found to prove the existence of composite action between steel and concrete in the CFDST columns during fire exposure. Effect of a number of parameters on the fire endurance of the composite columns was identified. Investigation into the fire performance of the columns also reveals possible solutions to improve the fire resistance of CFDST members.     

Heat transfer in concrete-filled carbon and stainless steel tubes exposed to fire

Nowadays, performance-based design methods are increasingly used for fire resistance assessment of structures. To implement these methods, it is paramount to determine the temperature development within a structural member exposed to fire as accurately and efficiently as possible. Numerical models are developed in this paper to simulate the temperature development in concrete-filled carbon and stainless steel tubes. It was found that the influence of the moisture content in concrete and the thermal contact conductance at the steel–concrete interface is significant. New models for thermal conductivity of concrete and thermal contact conductance at the interface are proposed in this paper. Comparisons of temperature development are made between numerical simulations and extensive experimental results. Improved agreement with test results is achieved when the proposed models are used in the heat transfer analysis.