EGR/EGC技术结合系统降低柴油机排放的研究

对柴油机的排放尾气NOx，CO，HC和PM等进行全面分析，探索设计了一套由EGR（废气再循环技术）和EGC（发动机机外废气净化技术）结合的系统，EGR技术可以有效降低NOx的排放，机外废气净化技术技术可以在有效除去PM的同时降低HC，CO的排放，该系统能在较宽的转速和负荷范围内有效降低废气排放，解决同时降低NOx与PM排放的矛盾，废气排放全面降低。     

柴油机实现高EGR率方法的计算分析

废气再循环是简单有效地减少NOx排放的方法。本文讨论了在柴油机中实现EGR的方法，并以一台4缸柴油机为例计算了不同工况条件下高、低压EGR系统的柴油机性能参数变化情况。结果表明：低压EGR系统在NOx排放上优于高压EGR系统；在高压EGR系统中，背压阀的位置对柴油机性能有一定影响；带有稳压箱的低压EGR系统在相同EGR率下油耗增加和功率损失最小。     

船用柴油机循环废气对燃油经济性和废气排放的影响

为测试循环废气对燃油耗率、NOx和碳烟排放的影响,在一台8缸4冲程直喷式水冷船用柴油机上对不同的负荷和转速进行了试验。不管试验工况如何,试验中燃油喷射正时固定为上止点前38℃A。进气氧气浓度通过进气空气流量和废气再循环中的氧气浓度测定,废气氧气浓度在排气歧管上测定。由进气氧气与燃油耗率的比值计算的平均当量比,被用来分析评价废气再循环率（EGR）对NOx和碳烟排放的影响。结果发现比油耗受废气再循环率的影响较小,由于进气和排气氧气浓度下降以及当废气再循环率增大时当量比增大,NOx排放明显降低,而在某一给定负荷和转速下,特别是较高负荷时,碳烟排放随着EGR率的增大而加剧。基于NOx和碳烟排放这种关联关系,在不增加比油耗的条件下,在韩国重载柴油机排放标准范围内,不同的柴油机工况的最佳EGR率可以粗略估计。     

柴油机废气再循环电控系统的设计及应用

针对增压直喷柴油机开展废气再循环（EGR）技术的研究与应用，以降低氮氧化物（NOx）排放。依据柴油机EGR控制系统的工作特点和功能要求，进行了控制系统的硬件电路设计和控制软件编写，实际控制效果良好。     

简单而有效的废气再循环装置

采用废气再循环能够降低柴油机NOx排放。介绍了一个简单而有效的废气再循环装置,简要列举了该装置装在发动机台架上的部分试验结果,为更好地利用废气再循环技术减少柴油机NOx排放有借鉴作用。     

EGR+DPF系统降低柴油机的排放

柴油机具有良好的动力性和经济性,汽车柴油机已成为发展趋势,但柴油机NOx和颗粒(PM)的高排放成为制约柴油车发展的因素之一。随着机动车排放法规的日益严格,降低NOx和颗粒的排放成为现阶段柴油机汽车的主要研究课题。废气再循环(EGR)技术是现今降低柴油机NOx排放的有效方法之一,应用颗粒捕集器(DPF)可以有效的降低尾气中颗粒的排放。本文介绍了EGR技术和DPF技术的原理、特点,对不同工况下EGR对NOx排放进行了分析,同时对不同工况下颗粒捕集器的再生效率进行了研究,结果表明适宜的EGR率和颗粒再生效率才能同时降低柴油机NOx和PM的排放。     

增压柴油机实现废气再循环（EGR）系统的模拟计算研究

研究了涡轮增压柴油机使用废气再循环（EGR）面临如何在高负荷时以较低的成本和副作用获得降低NOx排放所要求的再循环废气量,提出了利用进排气压力波动实现涡轮增压柴油机废气再循环的单向阀、旋转阀和EGR短管3种EGR系统。模拟计算结构表明,采用上述3种EGR系统在高负荷甚至全负荷时,都可获得较大的EGR量。     

EGR对增压柴油机排放特性的影响

废气再循环(EGR)是降低柴油机NOx的一条有效技术路径.对于轻型车用增压中冷柴油机,采用从涡轮前取气回流到压气机后的高压EGR系统.应用真空驱动的弹簧膜片式EGR阀,真空度由控制器根据输入的电压信号量决定,从而控制EGR阀的开度.在不同工况下,研究了EGR阀的流通特性,分析了柴油机的HC、CO、NOx排放,烟度和比油耗随EGR率的变化规律.     

柴油机电控EGR系统设计与试验研究

阐述了柴油机废气再循环(EGR)电控系统的设计原理,介绍了电控系统的硬件结构设计和控制软件编写,依据发动机各工况优选EGR率,通过试验对EGR系统进行验证,结果表明,采用EGR技术结合缸内燃烧的优化,在微粒(PM)略有下降的情况下,氮氧化物(NOx)排放得到明显降低。     

YC4112ZLQ柴油机电控EGR系统的研究

为了降低柴油机的氮氧化物排放，对YC4112ZLQ增压中冷柴油机进行了电控废气再循环(EGR)技术的研究。试验研究了不同EGR率对发动机各个工况下性能和排放的影响规律，据此针对欧洲Ⅱ号标准优选出了各个工况下的最佳EGR率，并对最佳EGR率下的控制参数进行了电控标定。利用标定结果，设计了一套电子控制系统，用于该柴油机的实际运行。试验结果表明，与原机相比，加入EGR以后，在微粒排放略有增加的情况下，NOx排放下降12．9％，使13工况排放全面达到欧洲Ⅱ号标准的要求。     

降低小型柴油机排放的试验研究

从生物混合燃料成分、燃烧室结构和排气再循环等方面探索降低柴油机排放的方法。通过对柴油机排放性能的大量试验研究,结果表明:对于直喷式柴油机,生物混合燃料的NOx排放与柴油的排放基本相当,碳烟排放则比柴油有较大幅度的降低,而涡流室柴油机,NOx的排放量却有大幅度的降低,碳烟排放则比直喷式柴油机有更大幅度的降低,生物燃料的添加比例对NOx的排放影响不大。柴油机采用排气再循环技术后,混合燃料的碳烟排放仍比柴油少,混合燃料可以承载一定的EGR率而不增加碳烟排放。排气再循环可以大幅度地降低NOx排放且与EGR率有关,与燃料的性质关系不大。涡流室柴油机采用生物燃料和排气再循环,可以同时降低NOx和碳烟的排放,排放效果非常优良。     

直喷汽油机采用不同缸内稀释技术的性能研究

针对一款4缸1.5L废气涡轮增压缸内直喷汽油(GDI)发动机,进行了废气再循环(EGR)缸内稀释燃烧技术、空气缸内稀释燃烧技术与原机燃烧的经济性、排放特性对比试验研究。研究了不同缸内稀释技术对发动机性能和排放影响的变动规律,并对比分析了相同稀释率下、采用不同稀释技术时发动机的性能变化。结果表明:空气稀释率在49.5%时比油耗相比原机下降6.2%,而EGR稀释率在20.5%时经济性改善4.2%,在相同稀释率时,EGR稀释可采用更为提前的点火角实现更优的燃烧相位,但空气稀释所带来的多变指数提升使其经济性优于EGR稀释,且发动机燃烧系统对空气稀释程度具有更强的容忍性;NOx排放在空气稀释率为11.0%时达到峰值水平,随后随着稀释率的提高不断下降,而EGR稀释的NOx排放随着稀释率的提高持续大幅下降;空气稀释的CO排放水平远低于原机,EGR稀释的CO排放随着稀释率的增加而略有下降;对于HC排放,空气稀释的排放量低于EGR稀释,而当空气稀释率由49.5%增加为68.0%时,HC排放出现较大幅度上升。     

Performance and emission characteristics of CIE using hydrogen,biodiesel, and massive EGR

Hydrogen is considered as an excellent energy carrier and can be used in diesel engines that operate in dual fuel mode. Many studies have shown that biodiesel, which is sustainable, clean, and safe, a good alternative to fossil fuel. However, tests have confirmed that using biodiesel or hydrogen as a fuel or added fuel in compression ignition engines increases NOx concentrations. Cooled or hot exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) effectively controls the NOx outflows of diesel engines. However, this technique is restricted by high particulate matter PM emissions and the low thermal efficiency of diesel engines.In this study, gaseous hydrogen was added to the intake manifold of a diesel engine that uses biodiesel fuel as pilot fuel. The investigation was conducted under heavy-EGR conditions. An EGR system was modified to achieve the highest possible control on the EGR ratio and temperature. Hot EGR was recirculated directly from the engine exhaust to the intake manifold. A heat exchanger was utilized to maintain the temperature of the cooled EGR at 25 °C.The supplied hydrogen increased NOx concentrations in the exhaust gas emissions and high EGR rates reduced the brake thermal efficiency. The reduction in NOx emissions depended on the added hydrogen and the EGR ratios when compared with pure diesel combustion. Adding hydrogen to significant amounts of recycled exhaust gas reduced the CO, PM, and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions significantly. Results showed that using hydrogen and biodiesel increases engine noise, which is reduced by adding high levels of EGR.     

Effect of addition of hydrogen and exhaust gas recirculation on characteristics of hydrogen gasoline engine

The effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emissions under different hydrogen ratios were studied based on an engine with a gasoline intake port injection and hydrogen direct injection. The peak cylinder pressure increases by 9.8% in the presence of a small amount of hydrogen. The heat release from combustion is more concentrated, and the engine torque can increase by 11% with a small amount of hydrogen addition. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions can be reduced by EGR dilution. Hydrogen addition offsets the blocking effect of EGR on combustion partially, therefore, hydrogen addition permits a higher original engine EGR rate, and yields a larger throttle opening, which improves the mechanical efficiency and decreases NOx emissions by 54.8% compared with the original engine. The effects of EGR on carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are not obvious and CO and HC emissions can be reduced sharply with hydrogen addition. CO, HC, and NOx emissions can be controlled at a lower level, engine output torque can be increased, and fuel consumption can be reduced significantly with the co-control of hydrogen addition and EGR in a hydrogen gasoline engine.     

柴油机使用EGR后供油提前角对排放特性影响的研究

研究了增压直喷柴油机供油提前角对排放特性的影响规律,分析了在柴油机采用废气再循环（EGR）技术降低NOX排放的同时,不同供油提前角对柴油机排放及油耗的影响情况。依据柴油机EGR控制系统的工作特点和功能,确定了柴油机的最佳供油提前角,并通过负荷特性试验对比分析,证实了在保证此最佳供油提前角的情况下,EGR综合降低排放效果可达到最佳。     

低压EGR对GDI增压汽油机外特性下性能和排放影响

通过一款涡轮增压汽油直喷(gasoline direct injection,GDI)发动机低压废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)的试验,研究了EGR率和点火提前角的综合作用对增压GDI发动机的燃烧、缸压、排放和油耗等方面的影响。结果表明,在GDI增压发动机中加入EGR后,由于废气的稀释和热容作用,使缸内燃烧持续期增大,排气温度下降,燃烧相位也发生了改变。这对发动机外特性的有利影响是油耗减少,CO和NO_x排放也明显减少;不利影响是EGR的加入提高了增压发动机的排气压力,导致泵气损失增加。此外,总碳氢(total hydro carbons,THC)排放也有所增加。在GDI增压汽油机中使用EGR系统并配合点火角的调节能够有效提高热效率,降低NO_x排放。     

Effect of Diesel/methanol compound combustion on Diesel engine combustion and emissions

This paper introduces a Diesel/methanol compound combustion system (DMCC) and its application to a naturally aspirated Diesel engine with and without an oxidation catalytic converter. In the DMCC system, there are two combustion modes taking place in the Diesel engine, one is diffusion combustion with Diesel fuel and the other is premixed air/methanol mixture ignited by the Diesel fuel. Experiments were conducted on a four cylinder DI Diesel engine, which had been modified to operate in Diesel/methanol compound combustion. Experiments were conducted at idle and at five engine loads at two levels of engine speeds to compare engine emissions from operating on pure Diesel and on operating with DMCC, with and without the oxidation catalytic converter. The experimental results show that the Diesel engine operating with the DMCC method could simultaneously reduce the soot and NOx emissions but increase the HC and CO emissions compared with the original Diesel engine. However, using the DMCC method coupled with an oxidation catalyst, the CO, HC, NOx and soot emissions could all be reduced.     

EGR冷却温度对重型柴油机性能及排放的影响

以一台配有废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)冷却系统和可变几何截面涡轮增压器的高压共轨重型柴油机作为研究对象,进行了EGR冷却温度对柴油机性能及排放影响的台架试验研究。结果表明:随着EGR冷却温度降低,柴油机燃油消耗率、烟度和NOx排放均持续降低。而EGR冷却温度每降低1℃,柴油机燃油消耗率、烟度和NOx排放在不同转速、负荷下降幅差异明显。燃油消耗率在中等转速、低负荷工况降幅最大,NOx排放和烟度在高转速、低负荷工况下降幅最大;在考虑到EGR冷却系统消耗的能量后,可以通过计算得到理论燃油消耗率。在兼顾燃油消耗率和排放性的原则下得到了各工况下EGR相对最优冷却温度,而所得到的相对最优EGR冷却温度正是各个试验工况下理论燃油消耗率最低的温度。