建筑给排水技术现状及发展趋向(Ⅱ)

建筑给排水技术现状及发展趋向（Ⅱ）姜文源广计划项目，在电解槽中电解氯化钠溶液，藉以产生以ＣｌＯ２为主包括Ｃｌ２、Ｈ２Ｏ２、Ｏ３等强氧化剂混合气体，有广谱、高效的杀菌能力。７污水泵排污泵易堵塞是建筑排水的老大难问题之一，继大流道排污泵问世以后，有撕裂...     

关于化学方程式多组配平系数的探讨

通过化学反应方程式ＫＣｌＯ３＋ＨＣｌ→ＫＣｌ＋Ｃｌ２＋ＣｌＯ２的配平问题，分析了出现多组平系数的原因，并通过典型举例加以说明。     

水土混凝土表面防护技术

水土混凝土表面防护技术１饱和Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２溶液处理试件经饱和溶液Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２处理后，透气系数降低３７．６％，主要原因是饱和溶液Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２。渗透到混凝土的孔隙中，堵塞毛细孔，降低孔隙率。另外，Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２可以提高表面混凝土的碱性。２水玻璃溶液处...     

液体聚合氯化铝在饮用水处理中的应用研究

本文对韶关市自来水总公司净水剂厂生产的液体ＰＡＣ应用的有关参数进行了试验研究。结果表明：１）液体ＰＡＣ的最佳储存浓度应为其Ａｌ２Ｏ３的含量在４％以上。２）投加液体ＰＡＣ的稀释比，当原水浊度不大于５００ＮＴＵ时，最佳值为１∶１５，当原水浊度大于５００ＮＴＵ时，最佳值为１∶１２。     

水质监测中侵蚀CO2大于游离CO2原因分析

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法国提高水费

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城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液深度处理技术探讨与反渗透的试验研究

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汇集集箱静压分布参数Ch值的确定方法

本文借助汇集集箱微元控制体动量方程中Ｃｈ值与动量交换系数Ｋ的关系及三通中直管局部阻力系数的表达式，导出了汇集集箱静压分布参数Ｃｈ值的表达式：Ｃｈｉ＝１－（０．５５ｗｉ＋ｗｉ＋１）／（ｗｉ＋ｗｉ＋１），还得到均匀汇集时Ｃｈｅｉ的表达式：Ｃｈｅｉ＝（０．４５－０．４５ｘｉ／Ｌ）／（２－１／ｎ－２ｘｉ／Ｌ）。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON EMERGENCY TUNNEL FIRES WITH TRANSVERSE VENTILATION

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加拿大奇曼诺竣工工程悬而未决

加拿大奇曼诺竣工工程悬而未决Ａｌｃａｎ冶炼及化工有限公司与加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚（ＢＣ）省政府正在寻求在双方已经达成的框架协议的范围内，通过谈判达成协定，以结束他们在５４０ＭＷ奇曼诺竣工工程（ＫＣＰ）问题上的争论，该框架协议已于３月３１日到期，目前还没...     

Treatment of taste and odor material by oxidation and adsorption.

Massive blooms of blue-green algae in reservoirs produce the musty-earthy taste and odor, which are caused by compounds such as 2-MIB and geosmin. 2-MIB and geosmin are rarely removed by conventional water treatment. Their presence in the drinking water, even at low levels (ng/L), can be detected and it creates consumer complaints. So those concentrations have to be controlled as low as possible in the drinking water. The removals by oxidation (O3, Cl2, ClO2) and adsorption (PAC, filter/adsorber) were studied at laboratory and pilot plant (50 m3/d) to select suitable 2-MIB and geosmin treatment processes. The following conclusions were derived from the study. Both of the threshold odor levels for 2-MIB and geosmin appeared to be 30 ng/L as a consequence of a lab test. For any given PAC dosage in a jar-test, removal efficiencies of 2-MIB and geosmin were increased in proportion to PAC dosage and were independent of their initial concentration in raw water for the tested PAC dosages. In comparison of geosmin with 2-MIB, the adsorption efficiency of geosmin by PAC was superior to that of 2-MIB. The required PAC dosages to control below the threshold odor level were 30 mg/L for geosmin and 50 mg/L for 2-MIB at 100 ng/L of initial concentration. Removal efficiencies of odor materials by Cl2, ClO2, and O3 were very weak under the limited dosage (1.5 mg/L), however increased ozone dosage (3.8 mg O3/L) showed high removal efficiency (84.8% for 2-MIB) at contact time 6.4 minutes. According to the initial concentrations of 2-MIB and geosmin, their removal efficiencies by filter/adsorber differed from 25.7% to 88.4%. For all those, however, remaining concentrations of target materials in finished waters were maintained below 30 ng/L. The longer run-time given for the filter/adsorber, the higher the effluent concentration generated. So it is necessary that the run-time of the filter/adsorber be decreased, when 2-MIB or geosmin occurs in raw water.     

催化二氧化氯氧化处理难降解废水特性研究

在二氧化氯化学氧化和催化氧化体系对比试验的基础上,探讨了催化二氧化氯氧化的过程与催化特性。试验结果表明:二氧化氯化学氧化处理CODCr为3 500 mg/L的配制难降解废水时, 最佳反应pH为6-8、氧化剂用量为1 000 mg ClO2/L,反应时间为60 min,CODCr去除率可达50%左右;而采用催化二氧化氯氧化处理配制废水时,最佳反应pH为2左右,氧化剂经济用量为800 mg ClO2/L,反应时间为45-60 min,CODCr去除率可达80%以上,去除1 kgCODCr氧化荆费用为3.7元, 废水可生化性得到很大的提高,表明催化二氧化氟氧化法是一种新型高效的难降解废水处理技术。     

不同消毒方法在管道分质供水工程中的应用比较

管道分质供水常用的消毒方法有臭氧法、紫外(UV)法、TCAA法、二氧化氯(ClO2)法及组合工艺法等,对不同消毒方法在管道分质供水工程中的应用情况进行比较研究。结果表明,在不同消毒方法中,应用TCCA UV与ClO2 UV组合工艺法,只要控制用户终端净水中的消毒剂浓度在0.05mg/L时,对管道分质供水消毒具有较好的效果,同时可以保持水质具有良好的口感。     

二氧化氯催化氧化降解铬黑T试验研究

在常温常压下,对Fe2O3/γ—A12O3+H2O2和ClO2+TiO2两种催化氧化体系处理铬黑T废水的效果进行了分析。试验结果表明,处理甲基橙废水效果较好的Fe2O3/γ—Al2O3+H2O2组合对铬黑T的降解效果非常有限,而ClO2+TiO2组合的处理效果较好:以500 mg/L的铬黑T溶液为模拟废水,当pH为4,C102投加量为200 mg/L,TiO2投加量为500 mg/L,反应时间为90 min时,脱色率达89.96%,CODCr的去除率可达45.36%。     

离子色谱法测定饮用水中十种阴离子的研究

研究了一次进样同时测定饮用水中F-,ClO2-,BrO3-,Cl-,NO2-,Br-,CLO3-,NO3-,SO42-,H2PO4- 10种阴离子的离子色谱方法,选择出了最佳的色谱条件,各种离子峰能够完全分离。对方法的检出限,标准曲线测定范围,精密度,准确度和干扰物质的影响作了较详尽的试验,得到了满意的结果。离子色谱方法灵敏度高,选择性好,简便快速,适用于饮用水中不同浓度上述10种阴离子的分析。     

Behaviour of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-nonylphenol ethoxylates (4-NP1EO, 4-NP2EO) in oxidative water treatment processes.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as natural and synthetic hormones or industrial chemicals can adversely affect the endocrine system at very low concentrations. As such substances can be present in raw water used for drinking-water production, they potentially pose a health risk to humans. In this study laboratory tests were performed to determine removal efficiencies of selected oxidative drinking water treatment processes, namely ozonation (1.4 mg/l O3) and chlorination, using sodium hypochlorite (0.5 mg/l NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (0.4-0.6 mg/l ClO2) under conditions applied in technical plants. 500-300,000 ng/l of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-nonylphenol-n-ethoxylates (NPnEO) were selected for investigations and measured by HPLC/FLD and HPLC/MS. To investigate possible oxidation by-products, adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) were determined and estrogenic activities were assessed with the help of an estrogen receptor binding assay (YES). Ozonation and chlorination with ClO2 removed both 4-NP and BPA below detection limits, corresponding with AOX and estrogenic activity. Concerning NPnEO ozonation removed NP1EO and NP2EO up to 28% and 30%, respectively, whereas ClO2 showed high removal efficiencies, eliminating >94% and 92%, respectively. NaCIO removed 4-NP and BPA below detection limits, but estrogenic activities increased and AOX could be measured. NP1EO and NP2EO were only marginally reduced corresponding to the slight decrease of estrogenic potential.     

火电厂循环水杀菌处理研究

介绍了火电厂循环水中菌藻孳生的危害.选择了5种典型杀菌剂就其单独和复合杀菌时的效果进行了杀菌效率检测.根据试验结果,推荐了活性溴 1227和ClO2 1227等2种较好的杀菌处理工艺.     

Treatment of biologically treated leachate by oxidation and coagulation

This work aims to investigate removal efficiency of oxidation and coagulation/flocculation processes, to provide an effective method for the treatment of biologically pre-treated leachate. Leachate containing 985 mg L(-1) COD was treated by using three treatment schemes, i.e. oxidation, coagulation/flocculation and the combined process of coagulation/flocculation followed by oxidation. The application of single oxidation resulted in the effective removal of COD and color up to 80.4 and 83.2%, respectively. However, residual COD values lower than 200 mg L(-1) could only be achieved under intensive experimental conditions (high dosage of Ca(ClO)(2) and prolonged oxidation time). Coagulation/flocculation yielded residual COD values higher than 200 mg L(-1) even at the optimum coagulation conditions. The combined treatment by coagulation/flocculation followed by oxidation yielded final COD lower than 100 mg L(-1) at the following conditions: pre-coagulation with 250 mg L(-1) PFS (poly-ferric sulfate) and over 30-min post-oxidation, or pre-coagulation with 300 mg L(-1) PFS and over 20-min post-oxidation. Hence, pre-coagulation with PFS followed by oxidation with Ca(ClO)(2) was recommended for advanced treatment of biologically treated leachate.     

赣江河水主离子化学特征和径流效应以及控制机制

赣江发源于我国中南部的江西省,是长江的一大支流,为了客观分析该河流的水化学特征,开展水质评价,对赣江1958～2016年水化学数据进行了收集和分析。结果表明:①Ca~(2+),Na~++K~+,HCO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)是河流中的主要离子,pH值范围为6.0～8.8,TDS范围为15.7～141.0 mg/L,所有离子月变化量与河流流量呈正相关。1980年以前河流流量与SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-和Cl~-的浓度月变化正相关程度高于1980年以后,这表明河水化学特征1980年之前主要是非点源成因,但1980年以后为多种来源的混合。②海盐源Cl~-占河水Cl~-的比例小于19%,硫酸参与硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩的风化,反映了1980年以后人为活动有所加强。Cl~-/(Na~++Cl~-)和SO_4~(2-)/(Na~++Cl~-)的增加与江西省国内生产总量、人口、煤炭消耗、肥料用量的关系受废水排放影响。③根据世界卫生组织饮用水标准,赣江的水质符合饮用水标准,但应该警惕Cl~-和NO_3~-浓度在1980年后在持续增加。     

基于模糊综合评价法的地下水环境质量评价

为了确定某储煤基地地下水的污染区范围,运用模糊综合评价法,选择总硬度、溶解性固体、SO2-4、Cl-、氟化物、NO3--N、Fe、Mn、Cr6+为评价因素,对5个监测点进行水质分析,并通过Matlab编程,结合其强大的数据处理功能,对其地下水水质进行评价。分析结果表明,该储煤基地水质状况尚可,但是2号监测点附近水质属于严重污染。