国内化学工程文献摘要

了7039丙烯低压拨基化制丁醇的研究一一中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所、南开大学化学系工农兵学员,石油化工,〔4〕,379一383(1976). 本文应用〔Co(CO):(Bu。P)〕:络合物催化剂进行丙烯低压拨化制丁醉的研究,考察了催化剂和配位体用量,反应温度、反应压力和搅拌速度等各变量对毅化反应性能和产品分布的影响规律. 7704。化学反应技术开发的理论和应用(n)—浙江大学化学工程组,石油化工,〔4〕,418tw443(1976)。 木章介绍在等温和定容下进行的均相反应过程。包括动力学方程式的建立,分批式,理想流动的管式和釜式反应器的计算方法以及如何运用…     

多区循环反应器中丙烯气相聚合的模拟分析

多区循环反应器是一种新型的丙烯气相聚合反应装置,聚合过程模型化研究对理解与剖析这一新型反应器具有指导意义.基于气固二相流在提升管和下降管中平推流模型,结合丙烯聚合反应动力学,建立了多区循环反应器中丙烯气相聚合的过程模型.模拟结果与Fabiano模型进行比较,验证了其可靠性;考察了反应器关键操作参数循环比对单体在反应器内...     

烯烃低压羰基合成液相产物色谱分析

<正> 低压羰基合成是一种生产醇、醛、酸等重要化工原料的新工艺,它是以烯烃、氢、一氧化碳为原料,当改变原料烯烃的碳原子数时,即可在相同设备中合成出碳数增加的各种醛和醇,制得的产物灵活而多样。我们这个课题组曾先后进行过丙烯、己烯、庚烯和 C_(6—8)烯低压羰基合成丁醛、丁醇,庚醛、庚醇,辛醛、辛醇,壬醇和2—乙基己醇等项研究。本文主要介绍上述反应各液相产物的色谱分析方法。     

烯烃低压羰基合成液相产物色谱分析

<正> 低压羰基合成是一种生产醇、醛、酸等重要化工原料的新工艺,它是以烯烃、氢、一氧化碳为原料,当改变原料烯烃的碳原子数时,即可在相同设备中合成出碳数增加的各种醛和醇,制得的产物灵活而多样。我们这个课题组曾先后进行过丙烯、己烯、庚烯和 C_(6—8)烯低压羰基合成丁醛、丁醇,庚醛、庚醇,辛醛、辛醇,壬醇和2—乙基己醇等项研究。本文主要介绍上述反应各液相产物的色谱分析方法。     

丙烯水合反应器数学模型

<正>1 引言 异丙醇是一种重要的有机化工原料,目前工业生产多用丙烯气相直接水合法。对该类异丙醇生产装置的建模与操作条件的优化国内外未见文献报道。本文针对某化工厂的工业丙烯气相直接水合反应器装置,从反应动力学机理出发,结合生产数据,建立了该反应器的简化数学模型,为该反应器的操作条件在线优化提供了依据。2 数学模型的建立     

连续搅拌釜式丙烯聚合反应器的模拟：（Ⅱ）的反应器的动态模拟

建立了丙烯液相本体聚合搅拌釜式反应器的动态数学模型，通过计算机模拟，研究了进夹套冷却水流量、丙烯蒸汽冷凝量、催化剂浓度及进料温度４个变量在矩形波和阶跃两种干扰方式下反应器的动态行为，为反应器控制系统的设计提供了定量依据。     

连续搅拌釜式丙烯聚合反应器的模拟（Ⅱ）反应器的动态模拟

建立了丙烯液相本体聚合连续搅拌釜式反应器的动态数学模型，通过计算机模拟，研究了进夹套冷却水流量、丙烯蒸汽冷凝量、催比剂浓度及进料温度４个变量在矩形波和阶跃两种干扰方式下反应器的动态行为，为反应器控制系统的设计提供了定量依据。     

丙烷裂解的过程模拟和技术经济分析

丙烷裂解是制烯烃的重要过程,同时还可副产高附加值的氢气.本文对丙烷脱氢制丙烯工艺建立全流程,在Pt-Sn/Al2O3为催化剂的反应动力学基础上,建立绝热平推流反应器的反应动态模型和深冷分离模型进行全流程模拟,并进行技术经济分析.结果表明,相对于煤和石油制丙烯路线,丙烷裂解制丙烯技术的原材料费用占产品成本组成比例最小,销...     

丙烷脱氢制丙烯技术研究

介绍了几种丙烷脱氢制丙烯技术：催化脱氢、氧化脱氢、膜反应器脱氢。综述了丙烷催化脱氢制丙烯催化剂的研究现状，虽然丙烷催化脱氢生产丙烯虽已实现了工业化，但其催化剂的性能需进一步提高；综述了丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯反应催化剂的研究现状及膜反应器在丙烷脱氢反应上所具有的优越性，认为研发具有高稳定性和高透氢性能的氢分离膜，将有望能大幅度提高丙烯的收率。     

国外用过氧化氢环氧化丙烯制环氧丙烷研发近况

介绍了国外用过氧化氢环氧化丙烯制备环氧丙烷（PO）工艺技术近期研发概况,内容包括所用过氧化氢来源（来自蒽醌法或氢、氧直接化合法）、丙烯环氧化反应以及反应产物精制和原料回收循环利用过程,工艺涉及催化剂、溶剂、流程、反应器、操作方法和试验结果等。不少工艺是将过氧化氢合成与丙烯环氧化加以耦合,形成完整体系,提高运转效率和经济效益。此外,简略介绍了用过氧化氢制PO工艺在产业化方面的最新进展。     

Kinetics and mass transfer in hydroformylation—bulk or film reaction?

The kinetics of a gas–liquid reaction, alkene hydroformylation was studied in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst in a pressurised laboratory‐scale semibatch reactor. Hydroformylation of propene to isobutyraldehyde and n‐butyraldehyde was carried out at 70–115°C and 1–15 bar pressure in 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐1,3‐pentanediol monoisobutyrate solvent with rhodium catalyst using the ligands cyclohexyl diphenylphosphine. In order to evaluate the influence of mass transfer, experiments were made using varied stirring rate from 100 to 1000 rpm at 100°C and 10 MPa syngas pressure. Only at higher stirrings rates, the reaction took place in the kinetic regime. A reactor model was developed comprising both complex kinetics and liquid‐phase mass transfer. The model was based on the theory of reactive films. The model is able to predict under which circumstances the hydroformylation process is affected by liquid‐phase diffusion of the reactants. Experimental data and model simulations are presented for the hydroformylation of propene in the presence of a homogeneous rhodium catalyst.     

装配水平筛板的气升式反应器中气液传质特性的数值模拟

利用Turbulent–Lehr组合模型对装配水平筛板的气升式反应器进行了计算流体力学(CFD)模拟,研究水平筛板对气含率、气泡直径、体积传质系数(kLa)和气液流速的影响。结果表明,筛板对气相的囤积作用和对液相的阻碍作用增加了反应器的整体气含率。筛板对气相的二次均布作用减弱了筛板和液面之间区域的气泡聚并过程,筛板筛孔对气泡的破碎作用产生了大量小于初始直径的气泡,增加了气泡比表面积(a);筛板对液相的阻碍作用提高了筛板附近的气–液相流动速度差,从而提高了该区域的液膜传质系数(kL),强化了反应器内的气液传质效果。     

Analysis of dispersion coefficient of bubble motion and velocity characteristic factor in down and upflow bubble column reactor

Dispersion coefficient of bubble motion based on velocity distribution theory has been analyzed in up and downward gas-liquid two-phase contactor. The intensity of dispersion of phase depends on motion of the dispersed phase and the characteristics of velocity distribution. In this paper the effects of operating and geometric variables on the dispersion coefficient of bubble motion and the characteristic factor of velocity distribution have been analyzed within the range of column diameter 0.10-2.5 m, superficial liquid velocity, 0.04-0.21 m/s and superficial gas velocity 0.41-3.16 mm/s. From the different developed model of longitudinal dispersion coefficient of liquid, comparison of dispersion coefficient of bubble motion and characteristic feature of velocity distribution in down and upflow two-phase contactor has been reported. Also the functionalities of dispersion coefficient of bubble motion and velocity characteristic factor have been developed with operating variables. The condition for dispersion based on velocity pattern has also been discussed in the present work. The present analysis on the dispersion coefficient of bubble motion and velocity distribution factor associated with the knowledge of the liquid phase dispersion in two-phase contactor can give insight into a further understanding and modeling of multiphase reactor in industrial applications.     

Operating characteristics of special bubble column reactors

In chemical technology, bubble column reactors are often used to carry out gas-liquid conversions. Thus hydrogenation, hydroformylation, oxidation, sulphoxidation and chlorination are carried out in bubble columns, as are also fermentations and sewage water treatment processes. A considerable advantage of bubble column reactors as against other gas-liquid contact apparatus is their simplicity of construction without mechanically moving parts or parts subject to high wear and tear.The purpose of this paper is to report on the possible applications and on the behaviour in operation of specially designed and constructed bubble column reactors, for example, cascade bubble columns, bubble columns with internal or external loops and downflow bubble columns.The designs of bubble column reactor described here are used in the chemical industry for various process (Table 2).In the development of new process, there are often several different competing designs. The ultimate choice will depend on the operating characteristics discussed here.     

Energy Efficiency of Two‐Phase Mixing in a Modified Bubble Column

Energy efficiency for gas liquid mixing in a modified downflow bubble column reactor has been analyzed in this paper. Efficiencies of the different parts of the bubble column have been assessed on the basis of energy dissipation. Prediction of the energy dissipation coefficient as well as energy utilization efficiency due to gas‐liquid mixing as a function of different physical, geometric and dynamic variables of the system has been done by correlation method. The distribution of energy utilization in the different zones of the column has also been analyzed. Experiments were carried out with air‐water and air‐aqueous solutions of carboxy methyl cellulose with different concentrations.     

Interfacial area and mass transfer in carbon dioxide absorption in TEA aqueous solutions in a bubble column reactor

The hydrodynamic behaviour and mass transfer of carbon dioxide removal process by aqueous solutions of triethanolamine (TEA) are analysed. The experiments were made in a bubble column reactor (BCR) as gas–liquid contactor. The interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient were calculated by using a photographic method based on the bubble diameter determination. The influence of operation conditions, liquid phase nature and chemical reaction on the mass transfer coefficient and gas–liquid interfacial area has been also analysed.     

Fluidization characteristics of aerogel Co/Al2O3 catalyst in a magnetic fluidized bed and its application to CH4-CO2 reforming

The fluidization characteristics of a nanoparticle catalyst were investigated in a fluidized bed assisted with an axial magnetic field. It showed that slugging and channeling, commonly observed when processing nanoparticles via conventional fluidized bed reactors, could be effectively eliminated, and the size of the agglomerates and bubble diameter could also be reduced with the aid of the magnetic field, leading to much improved gas-solid contact efficiency. Due to the improved gas-solid contact efficiency, the performance of the CH₄-CO₂ catalytic reforming has been significantly enhanced, where the initial conversion of CH₄ was 7.6% and 24.3% higher than those obtained in a conventional fluidized bed reactor and a fixed bed reactor. The catalytic deactivation, caused by carbon deposition on catalyst surfaces, is also slower in the magnetic fluidized bed operation, where the CH₄ conversion is 11.7% and 42.6% greater as compared with those in the conventional fluidized bed operation and the fixed bed operation. The present investigations demonstrated that carbon deposition can be much suppressed through improving the gas-solid contact efficiency with the assistance of the magnetic field.     

流化床反应器塔型内构件的研究

为了改善气-固流化床反应器的流化质量,本文提出了一种新型内构件。首先在二维床中对新的塔型构件的行为进行了研究,并且与其他类型构件进行了对比。所拍摄的照片和电影显示了塔型构件对气泡的破碎能力和对气固两相接触的增进。 塔型构件在萘催化氧化制苯酐的流化床反应器中进行了中间试验。试验结果表明,与床内原来使用的水平挡板相比较,催化剂萘负荷从50—100提高到了100—160g/kg催化剂·h,从而使生产能力可提高50—100％。 试验结果用两相模型进行了关联。结果表明,采用塔型内件的流化床反应器有很高的泡相和乳相间的交换系数。     

Experimental Study and Mathematical Modeling of NO Removal Using the UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process

An experimental study on NO removal via UV/H₂O₂ process was conducted in a semi‐continuous bubble‐column reactor and the effect of some operation parameters including NO initial concentration and gas flow rates on removal efficiency was investigated. Applying UV light increased the efficiency significantly. The steady‐state removal efficiency was found to be higher at the lower gas flow rates. The bubble size as an important factor in mass transfer calculations and modeling procedure was determined at different gas flow rates using bubble photographs and image processing technique. In the ranges of flow rates studied here, the gas flow rate had no significant effect on the bubble diameter. A mathematical model was developed to describe the NO removal process. The model predictions were compared with existing experimental data, confirming a good agreement of the data.