An assessment of energy storage requirements in the strategic Indian electricity sector

In order to achieve improved power quality and grid reliability, the Indian electricity sector will requires a cumulative energy storage capacity of 270?GW by 2047, at a cumulative capital outlay of US$ 200 billion in pumped hydro storage and US$ 120 billion in electrochemical-based systems.     

The democratization of electricity in Nigeria

Nigeria’s aspiration towards universal access to electricity has been hindered by a centralized and closed grid system. The country took steps in the right direction by recently unbundling and privatizing the state-owned electric power utility and introducing a renewable energy feed-in tariff and mini-grid regulations. The author advocates a full-scale democratization of the electricity sector to empower local communities and small, stand-alone producers to participate in solving the electricity crisis.     

The future of electricity generation in Australia: A case study of New South Wales

The Australian electricity industry has found itself the subject of an intense political debate. At the center is the role of coal-fired generation. The most economic form of new generation technology in Australia is wind on a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) basis. However, new wind generation must be ‘firmed’ to address variability in output. The analysis in this article finds the optimal plant mix will need to be increasingly ‘flexible’ to complement variable renewables.     

中国电池进出口现状与展望(英)

1 The Status of Battery Production in China China's battery industry is boasting of the largest quantity of battery production and its structure of battery varieties is rapidly developed toward the rationlization. Currently the dominant products are     

The effect of wind generation and weekday on Spanish electricity spot price forecasting

This paper empirically compares the predictive accuracy of a set of methods for day-ahead spot price forecasting in the Spanish electricity market. The methods come from time series analysis and artificial intelligence disciplines, and include univariate, multivariate, linear and nonlinear. Within the univariate methods, the double seasonal ARIMA and the recently proposed exponential smoothing for double seasonality are compared and used as benchmarks. They allow us to quantify the improvement on price forecasting when including explanatory variables or using more complex models. Dynamic regression models including the electricity load forecast are then considered. Their good performance in price forecasting has been pointed out by many authors. However, we find evidences of their predictive accuracy can be significantly outperformed by accounting the wind generation forecast provided by the System Operator. Moreover, these forecasts can be even more accurate if changes of price's behavior according with the day of the week are taken into account by means of periodic models. The last of the tested methods are feed-forward neural networks used as multivariate nonlinear regression methods with universal function approximation capabilities. The influence of the wind generation forecast on price prediction is also proved with this approach. Detailed out-of-sample results of the tested methods are given.     

Going viral: The impacts of covid19 on retail electricity

The response of governments to the covid19 health crisis has highlighted the key points of our earlier article. The covid19 crisis has made it clear that: secure electricity is vital to the modern World; and, the loss of business and commercial load during the crisis dramatizes the need to unbundle remuneration from load. The electricity sector is undergoing an epochal transformation from the Bulk Grid (BG) to the Distributed Generation and Storage (DGS) model in which the role of distributors will change. We suggest pilot projects that will help regulators to understand the needs of systems that emphasize the tiered values of reliable consumer services and new ways of paying for them.     

Causal relationships among electricity consumption,foreign direct investment and economic growth in India

An empirical analysis of the causal relationship among gross domestic product, foreign direct investment and electricity consumption in India suggests that consumption plays a vital role in GDP and high GDP attracts more FDI into India.     

An approach to calibrate incentives for continuity of supply in the Spanish electricity distribution system

This paper proposes an approach to calibrate incentives for continuity of supply in electricity distribution in Spain. This approach consists on the estimation of the impact of continuity of supply improvements on distribution network costs. For this purpose, distribution costs resulting from different continuity of supply requirements are computed by a reference network model (RNM). The results obtained from the RNM are used to estimate a cost-function that considers continuity of supply a cost driver for distribution costs. This methodology is applied to three Spanish areas of service (an urban one, a semi-urban one and a rural one) in such a way that differences in distribution costs caused by the characteristics of the area type can be taken into account. The analysis indicated that distribution costs are more sensitive to continuity of supply improvements in rural areas of service. It also demonstrated that the incentive for reducing number of service interruptions should be higher than the incentive for reducing duration of service interruptions. Finally, the current Spanish incentive scheme for continuity of supply was analyzed under the perspective of the proposed approach.     

Stationarity of electricity series in MENA countries

This paper investigates the stationary properties of electric power consumption in 18 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) by using yearly data over the period 1971–2013. After having controlled for the presence of cross-section dependence, the ‘second generation’ panel unit root tests reveal mixed results. In fact, the conclusions depend on the choice of the deterministic component (constant vs. constant and trend).     

The implication of the European inter-TSO compensation mechanism for cross-border electricity transmission investments

An efficient cross-border investment and well-designed markets and regulatory instruments are crucial prerequisites to the creation of a fully functional European internal electricity market. One of the prominent regulatory measures taken to speed up the creation of the internal market was to abolish tariff pancaking by replacing cross-border tariffs with an Inter-Transmission System Operators Compensation (ITC) mechanism through which transmission system operators (TSOs) can compensate each other. In this study, the implication of introducing such mechanism on the cross-border investment outcome is explored. The results indicate that the current ITC mechanism is loosely linked to the cross-border investment decisions of TSOs. In addition, the study concludes that factors such as the ITC fund size and the number of participating TSOs can influence the investment outcome.     

A summary of demand response in electricity markets

This paper presents a summary of Demand Response (DR) in deregulated electricity markets. The definition and the classification of DR as well as potential benefits and associated cost components are presented. In addition, the most common indices used for DR measurement and evaluation are highlighted, and some utilities’ experiences with different demand response programs are discussed. Finally, the effect of demand response in electricity prices is highlighted using a simulated case study.     

An assessment of decarbonization in the strategic Indian electricity generation sector

With an eye to addressing climate change concerns while also meeting the demands of continued economic growth, the Indian electricity generation sector can achieve a cumulative reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 24 GtCo₂ and hydrocarbon imports by US$730 billion during the period 2015–2047. This transformation will require a capital outlay of US$1.16 trillion and a total land requirement of 22,200 km².     

Assessment of the decarbonization capabilities of solar energy in the strategic Indian electricity generation sector

Increased exploitation of solar power could help in reducing hydrocarbon imports and emissions, but will require significant upfront capital investments. A clear sustainability vision will be needed to shape the strategies required for long-term decarbonization pathways.     

Economic efficiency of coordinated multilateral trades in electricity markets

This paper presents economic efficiency evaluation of electricity markets operating on the basis of a coordinated multilateral trading concept. The evaluation accounts for the overall costs of power generation, network losses, and system and unit constraints. We assume a non-collusive oligopolistic competition. An iterative Cournot model is used to characterize the competitive behavior of suppliers. A supplier maximizes the profit of each of his generating units while taking rivals' generation as given. Time span is over multiple hours. This leads to a mixed integer non-linear programming problem. We use the augmented Lagrangian approach to solve iteratively for globally optimal schedules. An IEEE 24-bus, 8-supplier, and 17-customer test system is used for illustration. The results show that such a market at times of light demands exhibits little market power, and at times of large demands exhibits a great deal of market power. This contrasts with the PCMI and HHI concentration measures, which give fixed measurement values of market power. The results of two-year (730 round) market simulations show a range of deadweight efficiency loss between 0.9 and 6% compared to that of PoolCo which results in a range between 0.5 and 10% for the same test case.     

Monetization methods for evaluating investments in electricity system resilience to extreme weather and climate change

Extreme weather events and associated damages have been increasing and these trends are expected to continue. Actions are being taken to enhance electricity system resilience. However, the justification for capital investments on resilience requires utilities to justify that the economic benefits outweigh the costs. This paper reviews the types of resilience measures being analyzed in cost-benefit analyses and addresses opportunities for improvement in characterizing the benefits for investments that enhance the resilience of electricity systems.     

Active/reactive bid based dispatch models to be used in electricity markets

This paper describes two new active/reactive dispatch models to be used by System Operators in order to assign reactive power and to validate the economic schedules prepared by Market Operators together with the injections related with Bilateral Contracts. When talking about electricity markets one usually refers to active power markets paying less attention to ancillary services, namely to reactive power/voltage control. This usually leads to a chronological sequence of activities that may lead to inefficiencies because active and reactive powers are coupled given the capability diagram of synchronous generators, the ac power flow equations and the branch thermal limits. In this paper, we propose new models to remarry active and reactive allocation procedures based on a market approach as a way to ensure operation transparency. The resulting optimization problems are solved by a Sequential Linear Programming, SLP, approach that allows one to compute active and reactive nodal marginal prices at its final iteration. The paper includes a case study based on the IEEE 24 Bus Test System to illustrate the application of the developed models and demonstrate their interest in the scope of restructured power systems.     

Maintaining the security of supply in the Australian national electricity Market with higher levels of renewable energy

This paper examines security of supply concerns in an Australian electricity market under transition and considers potential policy pathways to address them. It details the current state of Australia’s electricity industry, considers the extent to which supply security in the electricity sector may be considered a public good, and examines the features likely to impact on the efficacy of current and potential future market designs.     

Targeting sustainable development in Pakistan through planning of integrated energy resources for electricity generation

Three models for the projection of long-term electricity generation for Pakistan are developed in this paper. Baseline (BL), Coal and Renewable Energy (RE) scenarios are used to analyze current and future electricity generation. From an environmental perspective, both the BL and RE scenarios are found to be superior to the Coal scenario, but a cost-benefit analysis indicates that the RE scenario is most expensive though it brings the benefit of effectively reducing dependence on imports of primary fuel.     

Influence of feasibility constrains on the bidding strategy selection in a day-ahead electricity market session

Large part of liberalized electricity markets, including the Italian one, features an auction mechanism, called day-ahead energy market, which matches producers’ and buyers’ simple bids, consisting of energy quantity and price pairs. The match is achieved by a merit-order economic dispatch procedure independently applied for each of the hours of the following day. Power plants operation should, however, take into account several technical constraints, such as maximum and minimum production bounds, ramp constraints and minimum up and downs times, as well as no-load and startup costs. The presence of these constraints forces to adjust the scheduling provided by the market in order to obtain a feasible scheduling. The paper presents an analysis of the possibility and the limits of taking into account the power plants technical constraints in the bidding strategy selection procedure of generating companies (Gencos). The analysis is carried out by using a computer procedure based both on a simple static game-theory approach and on a cost-minimization unit-commitment algorithm. For illustrative purposes, we present the results obtained for a system with three Gencos, each owning several power plants, trying to model the bidding behaviour of every generator in the system. This approach, although complex from the computational point of view, allows an analysis of both price and quantity bidding strategies and appears to be applicable to markets having different rules and features.     

The effect of demand response on electricity consumption under the existence of the reference price effect: Evidence from a dynamic pricing experiment in Japan

This paper investigates the effect of demand response on households’ electricity consumption under the existence of the reference price effect. The reference price effect is observed in peak and shoulder hours. Consistent with reference price theory predictions, our results show that the reduction of electricity consumption is greater in the case where the current price is higher than the previous price than in the case where the current price is lower than the previous price.