浅谈结构集成材用胶粘剂的现状及发展趋势

介绍结构集成材用胶粘剂的选择、种类和特点,并展望结构集成材用胶粘剂的发展趋势。     

浅谈结构集成材用胶粘剂的现状及发展趋势

介绍结构集成材用胶粘剂的选择、种类和特点，并展望结构集成材用胶粘剂的发展趋势。     

关于指接集成材力学性能及其分析模型的研究

概述目前研究集成材力学性能的两大方法,重点阐述影响集成材力学性能的因素:层积效应、尺寸效应、应力分布效应和指接。分析了指接集成材力学模型优缺点,总结了建模的关键点。     

集成材概述

描述了集成材的定义、特点、分类、用途及一般的生产要求,并对集成材产品的质量检测指标作了简要的概括;最后针对国内集成材产品质量差的状况提出了“集成材产品质量保证系统”这一本质上的解决途径。     

落叶松、桦木和柞木集成材胶接性能的研究

描述了应用水性高分子异氰酸酯(API)胶粘剂制造的落叶松、桦木和柞木集成材的胶接性能,试验结果表明:柞木的常态压缩剪切强度最高,其次是桦木,最小的是落叶松。而对于剥离率,柞木的最高,其次是落叶松,桦木最低。     

集成材拼接设备的现状与展望

针对我国现有集成材拼接设备的功能和特点进行了总结,对比分析了各种拼板机的优点和缺点.通过与国际先进拼板机进行对比分析,找出我国目前拼板机存在的不足和差距,提出未来拼板机的发展方向和建议.     

几种胶粘剂的性质比较及其在包装中的应用

胶粘剂在包装行业中应用广泛,本文对其中几种胶粘剂:泡花碱胶粘剂、淀粉胶粘剂、PVA胶粘剂的优缺点进行了比较,并提出了它们的发展趋势和各自在包装行业中的应用。     

高质木窗用异形集成材制造技术分析

在分析高质木窗用窗扇、中梃等框料的截面特征参数的基础上,提出用异形框架集成材制造高质木窗的思路,研究了异形框架集成材的制造工艺,分析了用异形框架集成材制造高质木窗在节省木材方面的优点及在我国推广使用异形框架集成材制造高质木窗会带来的显著经济效益.     

竹集成材家具开发探析

作为世界上竹林资源最为丰富的国家之一,我国的竹类种属占到的世界竹类种属总数的1/3左右。竹集成材作为一种新型工业材料,其不仅物理、力学性能优于传统木材,且在加工、环保等方面也有着独特的优势。竹集成材家具的开发在缓解了木材供应缺口的同时也使得竹林资源得到了更加充分的利用,呼应了构建＂两型社会＂主旋律。竹集成材家具的开发中必须彰显竹材的本质特色,在设计上要符合个性化及信息化;同时,应大力开发复合型材料的健康型家具,走自装配板式部件标准化生产道路。     

指接集成材力学性能的探讨

对结构用集成材定义、特点以及结构可靠性原因加以阐述;探讨了国内外关于指接集成材层板、成品和指接接头的力学性能研究情况;根据我国指接集成材力学性能的研究现状,提出自己的几点思考。     

欧式木窗用异形框架集成材切削加工节能经济性分析

欧式木窗用异形框架集成材由实木板材通过异形胶拼而成,它不仅具有许多实体木材所没有的优点,而且可节约木材、降低切削加工能耗、减少切削刀具损耗.本文以窗用异形框架集成材为例,通过对指接板材进行异形拼接,制成欧式木窗用异形框架集成材,并且分析了其在切削加工中节约木材、降低切削功耗、提高刀具寿命等方面的经济性优势.     

Bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, and heme iron content in unaged and aged meat of Hereford and Braford steers fed pasture

The content and the bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe were determined in unaged and aged meat (14days) from the Psoas major (PM), Gluteus medius (GM) and Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of Hereford (H) and Braford breed (B) steers fed pasture. Furthermore, the content of heme-Fe was determined in the same muscles. The H had a lower content of Cu and a higher content of Fe. Also, H had more heme-Fe than B. The bioaccessibility in unaged meat for Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe ranged between 75 and 91%, 30 and 45%, 40 and 68%, 55 and 95%, and 60 and 70%, respectively. After aging, the bioaccessibility for the same minerals ranged between 58 and 80%, 30 and 48%, 40 and 58%, 75 and 95%, and 59 and 70%, respectively. Aging affected negatively the Se content and its bioaccessibility, in the two breeds. Also, the heme-Fe content was negatively affected by aging in all muscles and breeds.     

Bioactivation of Phytoestrogens: Intestinal Bacteria and Health

Phytoestrogens are polyphenols similar to human estrogens found in plants or derived from plant precursors. Phytoestrogens are found in high concentration in soya, flaxseed and other seeds, fruits, vegetables, cereals, tea, chocolate, etc. They comprise several classes of chemical compounds (stilbenes, coumestans, isoflavones, ellagitannins, and lignans) which are structurally similar to endogenous estrogens but which can have both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. Although epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that intake of phytoestrogens in foods may be protective against certain chronic diseases, discrepancies have been observed between in vivo and in vitro experiments. The microbial transformations have not been reported so far in stilbenes and coumestans. However, isoflavones, ellagitanins, and lignans are metabolized by intestinal bacteria to produce equol, urolithins, and enterolignans, respectively. Equol, urolithin, and enterolignans are more bioavailable, and have more estrogenic/antiestrogenic and antioxidant activity than their precursors. Moreover, equol, urolithins and enterolignans have anti-inflammatory effects and induce antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities. The transformation of isoflavones, ellagitanins, and lignans by intestinal microbiota is essential to be protective against certain chronic diseases, as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and menopausal symptoms. Bioavailability, bioactivity, and health effects of dietary phytoestrogens are strongly determined by the intestinal bacteria of each individual.     

虾、蟹壳利用的研究进展

虾、蟹壳是虾、蟹加工过程中产生的主要废弃物,含有较大量的蛋白质、灰分和甲壳素,以及少量的脂肪、游离氨基酸和虾青素等。近年来,随着我国养殖、捕捞技术的进步以及伏季休渔制度的实施,虾、蟹产量逐年上升。因此,有效利用虾、蟹壳副产物,开发基于虾、蟹壳废弃物的利用途径和产品类型,以提高产品附加值,减少环境污染,对于虾、蟹产业的健康发展具有重要意义。目前,采用酸碱法制备甲壳素是虾、蟹壳利用的主要方法,该方法易于操作,但能耗高且污染严重,近年来研究人员对传统的酸碱法制备甲壳素的工艺进行了优化,并积极探索酶法和发酵法等新型提取工艺。此外,虾、蟹壳中其他可利用成分(蛋白质、脂肪、钙质和虾青素)的提取和利用也获得了许多研究成果。本文主要综述了虾、蟹壳的组成成分,虾、蟹壳整体利用途径以及虾、蟹壳中甲壳素、蛋白质、脂肪、钙质、虾青素等成分的提取和利用途径的研究进展,以期为虾、蟹壳的高效、低成本、无污染和高附加值利用提供借鉴。     

毕节地区植烟土壤有效态微量元素含量评价

对毕节地区298个植烟土壤样品的有效态微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、B和Mo的含量及丰缺特性进行了分析,以期为毕节烟区平衡施肥及提高烟叶品质提供依据。试验结果表明,毕节地区植烟土壤中有效态Cu、Fe、Mn含量极丰富,Zn含量丰富,有效硼和有效钼的含量比较缺乏,超过1/2的土壤缺硼,超过2/5的土壤缺钼。土壤中有效态Zn、Fe和Mn的含量与pH呈显著性负相关,有效钼含量与pH呈显著性正相关。土壤中有效Fe、Zn、Mn和B的含量与有机质含量呈显著性正相关。综上所述,毕节烟区要适当补充B肥和Mo肥,对Cu、Zn、Fe和Mn等元素要通过控制施入量或土壤改良来降低其有效含量,防止土壤重金属污染。     

Religious slaughter: Evaluation of current practices in selected countries

As part of the project “Religious slaughter (DIALREL): improving knowledge and expertise through dialogue and debate on issues of welfare, legislation and socio-economic aspects”, this paper discusses an evaluation of current practices during Halal and Shechita slaughter in cattle, sheep, goats and poultry. During religious slaughter, animals are killed with and without stunning by a transverse incision across the neck that is cutting the skin, muscles (brachiocephalic, sternocephalic, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid), trachea, esophagus, carotid arteries, jugular veins and the major, superficial and deep nerves of the cervical plexus. In this report, the restraint methods, stunning, neck cutting, exsanguination, slaughter techniques and postcut handling in the abattoir were assessed for religious slaughter. Information about the procedures used during religious slaughter in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, Turkey and Australia was collected by means of spot visits to abattoirs. To standardize the information gathered during the spot visits three guidelines were designed, one for each species, and translated into the national languages of the countries involved. The document included questions on the handling and restraint methods (stunning, neck cutting/exsanguination/slaughter techniques and postcut handling performed under religious practices) and for pain and distress of the animal during the restraint, neck cutting and induction to death in each abattoir. Results showed differences in the time from restraining to stun and to cut in the neck cutting procedures and in the time from cut to death.     

Mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits: A review

Botanicals are used in many countries for medicinal and general health-promoting purposes. Numerous natural occurrences of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits have been reported. Aflatoxins or ochratoxin A (OTA) have been found in botanicals such as ginseng, ginger, liquorice, turmeric, and kava-kava in the USA, Spain, Argentina, India, and some other countries, while fumonisins have been found in medicinal wild plants in South Africa and in herbal tea and medicinal plants in Turkey. Zearalenone was identified in ginseng root. Dried fruits can be contaminated with aflatoxins, OTA, kojic acid, and, occasionally, with patulin or zearalenone. One main area of concern is aflatoxins in dried figs; bright greenish yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet light is associated with aflatoxin contamination. OTA in dried vine fruits (raisins, sultanas, and currants) is another concern. There are also reports of aflatoxins in raisins and OTA in dried figs, apricots, dried plums (prunes), dates, and quince. Maximum permitted levels in the European Union include 4 µg kg^-1 for total aflatoxins in dried fruit intended for direct consumption and 10 µg kg^-1 for OTA in dried vine fruit. This review discusses the occurrence of mycotoxins in botanicals and dried fruits and analytical issues such as sampling, sample preparation, and methods for analysis. Fungal contamination of these products, the influence of sorting, storage, and processing, and prevention are also considered.