New electrode structure for reducing power consumption of PDPs

Abstract— A new electrode structure for plasma‐display panels (PDPs) is proposed, which decreases the panel capacitance by effectively decreasing the electrode area and increasing the discharge efficacy. Although the electrode area is decreased, the proposed structure does not require an increase in operating voltage and can improve the discharge efficacy by limiting the discharge current. The effect of panel capacitance reduction of the suggested electrode structure contributes to power‐consumption reduction in the entire PDP system by reducing the dissipative power due to the charging current of the panel capacitance. The effects of panel‐capacitance reduction by using the new electrode structure were confirmed by comparing the charging‐current waveforms and directly measuring the capacitances of various panels with conventional and new electrode structures.     

Single glass substrate LCDs using a phase separated composite organic film method

We review recent developments in the use of the phase separated composite organic film method and the fabrication of liquid crystal (LC) electro-optical devices using a single glass substrate using this method. The LC layer is confined between a film of solidified polymer layer on one side and the glass substrate on the other. The solidified polymer layer adjacent to and parallel to the LC layer is created by UV induced phase separation of a mixture of LC and prepolymer. Electro-optical properties of these devices demonstrate their high technological potential in light weight and hand-held electronic products.     

Effects of diamond and AlN layers inserted beneath the phosphor layer on the discharge characteristics of PDPs

Abstract— In this study, the effects of diamond and AlN layers inserted beneath the phosphor layer of the rear plate of a PDP were investigated. The layers were formed via an osmotic‐pressure coating process. Macrocells and test panels were prepared to examine their effects on luminance and luminous efficacy. The results indicate that the layers primarily affect the glow‐discharge behavior and eventually enhance the luminous efficacy of the PDP, suggesting the possibile improvement in the performance of PDPs.     

面向TGV衬底的玻璃回流的流动建模

在微机电系统(MEMS)圆片级封装工艺中,为了给制作玻璃通孔(TGV)衬底的玻璃回流工艺提供理论指导意见,提出并建立了一个玻璃回流通用模型,研究槽深、槽宽、温度、时间参数对玻璃回流的影响,并推导出在一定槽宽,槽深,温度下的玻璃在微细槽内流动长度随时间的变化关系.建立玻璃在微细槽内的数学流动模型,运用流体力学的知识,结合微细流体的特征,通过一系列理论分析、推导和简化运算,得出玻璃回流长度随时间等参数的理论变化公式.然后进行玻璃回流实验,当玻璃在恒温T0=800℃、槽宽2b =200 μm、槽深L=1000 μm时,观察并记录玻璃在微细槽内流动长度随时间的变化.将理论回流曲线与实验数据点进行对比,结果表明:实验回流曲线与理论回流曲线趋势一致,且数值基本相符.证明了理论模型及其分析过程的正确性.表明理论分析模型对TGV玻璃回流工艺参数可提供一定的理论指导.     

Development of a new blue CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+ phosphor for PDPs

Abstract— A blue‐light‐emitting Eu²⁺‐doped CaMgSi₂O₆ phosphor having a long lifetime for a plasma‐display panel (PDP) was developed. The CaMgSi₂O₆:Eu²⁺(CMS:Eu) phosphors show no luminance degradation during the baking process, and an equivalent photoluminescence peak intensity compared to that of the conventional blue‐phosphor BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺ (BAM) after baking. CMS: Eu shows a poor luminescent characteristic for the Xe excimer band excitation due to the lack of absorption. To introduce the absorption center for the Xe excimer band, we performed Gd‐codoping of CMS: Eu as a sensitizer and found a new excitation band around 172 nm, which originated from Gd³⁺. The test PDPs panels using synthesized CMS: Eu phosphor and CMS: Eu, Gd phosphor were examined to investigate the luminescent and aging characteristics of a Xe‐discharge excitation source. The CMS: Eu panel shows an emission peak intensity comparable to that of the BAM panel (i.e., a comparable stimuli L/CIEy, 93% of BAM), while the CMS: Eu, Gd panel shows poorer blue emission intensity compared to the BAM panel (up to 53% of total stimuli of BAM). The CMS: Eu panel and the CMS: Eu, Gd panel show less luminance degradation than the BAM panel under the aging test, and the panel retains 90% of its luminance after 300 hours of driving. It was found that CMS: Eu appears to be a candidate for a new blue PDP phosphor because of its longevity in a Xe‐discharge plasma environment.     

基于玻璃的流量传感器的研究

提出一种基于玻璃的空气质量流量传感器,该传感器具有制造工艺简单、测试范围宽和抗流体冲击能力强的特点。通过CFD软件模拟了传感器芯片在各种情况下的温度场分布,得到了流速与芯片上下游温差的关系曲线,理论分析表明基于玻璃的流量传感器最大流可测速可达10m/s。采用半导体工艺制备了基于玻璃的流量传感器,通过测试得到了芯片的输出信号电压和流速的关系曲线,在流速范围为0～10m/s时,输出信号电压没有出现饱和现象。当芯片表面掠过流速为10m/s时,测得芯片放大信号电压可达1.51V。     

微机械高冲击传感器的一种失效模式研究

在微机械高冲击传感器的测试过程中发现一种传感器芯片的严重失效问题.文中采用薄板弯曲的简化模型对该失效问题进行了初步研究.分析认为该失效是由于高冲击引起封装壳体变形使管芯承受放大了的应力,过大的应力导致芯片某些部位应力超过断裂强度而损坏.改进措施主要是通过完善壳体设计,合理增加厚度或减小壳体尺寸使壳体形变减小,从而减小由此给芯片带来的应力.     

Effect of buffered hydrofluoric acid etching on LCD glass substrates

Buffered hydrofluoric (BHF) acid was used in a TFT manufacturing process as a typical wet chemical agent. Hazing of an LCD glass substrate surface was sometimes observed after BHF chemical treatment during manufacturing. The haze consists of many micro‐sized hillocks on the substrate surface. This paper describes the formation and suppression mechanism of a typical LCD glass substrate made of Corning code 1737 glass. The hillocks were observed on an etched glass surface when NH₄F was added with HF as the buffered solution. Among the reaction products, ammonium‐based crystals were partially soluble in the etching solution. These ammonium‐based crystals were formed during BHF etching by masking an area of glass surface until the crystals were dissolved in the etching solution. In addition, hillocks composed of glass substrate material were detected on the masked area. The hillock density contour as the function of HF and NH₄F concentration was drawn for an etching rate of from about 0.03 to 0.13 μm/min. Hazing was effectively suppressed by dilution or agitation of BHF.     

某汽轮机甩负荷运行工况强度分析

为分析汽轮机甩负荷运行时的应力状况,选取某机组高压第一级动叶片和转子轮槽为分析对象,采用有限元法分析在高压蒸汽4个阶段降温冲击下的应力.结果表明,动叶片以及转子材料内应力对温度的变化反应敏感;温度不变时,应力集中处的内应力需要很长时间才能消退并趋于均匀化;在该温度曲线的操纵下,逐步的降温造成应力累加,导致应力峰值呈波浪...     

Discharge characteristics and low‐voltage driving of high‐Xe‐content PDPs

Abstract— High‐Xe‐content PDPs attain improved luminous efficiency, but with sacrifices of higher sustain and address voltages and slower discharge build‐up. By examining PDPs with 3.5–100% Xe contents, it was revealed that space‐charge priming as well as wall‐charge accumulation are effective in obtaining low‐voltage and high‐speed operation. In addition, it was found that the effectiveness is emphasized for higher‐Xe‐pressure PDPs. In this respect, erase addressing is more favorable than write addressing, especially for high‐Xe‐pressure PDPs. The formative time lag of the discharge and diffusion/drift of the space charges are shorter for high Xe contents. In this respect, high‐Xe‐content PDPs have a potential for high‐speed addressing, if driven adequately. The use of space‐charge priming, however, is limited by the duration between the priming and scan pulses. Accumulation of wall charges is limited by ignition of a self‐erase discharge with which all the wall charges are dissipated. Although the highest efficiency and luminance are attained with a 100%‐Xe panel, the optimum Xe gas content, considering the sustain pulse voltage and drive voltage margin, would be 70% Xe + Ne.     

微加速度计的力学分析

结合有关微加速度计的国内、外最新研究成果 ,以及科研中所遇到的实际动态测试问题 ,重点分析了微加速度计以下几方面力学性能 :频率、冲击载荷下的破坏以及由于尺寸效应引起的部件间的粘附现象 ,这直接关系到微加速度计的工作可靠性。最后 ,对这方面的研究提出了一些思路。     

A quantitative measurement of LCD and PDP TVs for human visual preference and fatigue

This study was conducted by subjective and objective measurement, to clarify the complex relationships among human visual preference and fatigue of major Flat Panel Display TVs with related physical and physiological factors. In the subjective measurement, comparison tests with 24 subjects were conducted and the semantic differential method with factor analysis was carried out for six TVs with different room luminance and length of watching time. The comparison test yielded identification of the most preferable display, which showed little connection with the TV luminance for any length of watching time and room luminance. From the statistical factor analysis of semantic differential method, significant factors were extracted for describing human visual preference. In the objective measurement, the eye motion tracking camera was used to detect the eye response and thus generated physiological data corroborated the significant factors extracted from the subjective measurement. This study allows the human perceptual preference and fatigue of electronic displays to be quantitatively measured with psychological and physiological factors and will tell which parameters are significant and guide the manufacturer in making the optimum TVs.     

Decision support in machine vision system for monitoring of TFT-LCD glass substrates manufacturing

This study addresses classification methodology for the automatic inspection of a range of defects on the surface of glass substrates in thin film transistor liquid crystal display glass substrate manufacturing. The proposed methodology consisted of four stages: (1) feature extraction by calculating the wavelet co-occurrence signature from the substrate images, (2) handling of imbalanced dataset using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE), (3) reduction of the feature's dimension by principal component analysis, and (4) finally choosing the best classifier between three different methods: Classification And Regression Tree (CART), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). In training the SVM and MLP classifiers, the simulated annealing algorithm was used to obtain the optimal tuning parameters for the classifiers. From the industrial case study, the proposed feature extraction algorithm could remove the defect-irrelevant image features and SMOTE increased the accuracy of all three methods. Furthermore, the optimized SVM and MLP models were more accurate than the CART model whereas a higher accuracy of 89.5% was observed for the proposed SVM model.     

Discharge diagnosis of high Xe concentration and high‐γ protective layer in PDPs

Abstract— The high‐Xe‐concentration and high‐γ (ion‐induced secondary‐electron emission coefficient) protective layer have been diagnosed from both experimentation and simulation. The experimental results show that there is a great increase in luminance and luminous efficacy, while the breakdown voltage decreases in the high‐Xe and high‐γ discharge. In the high‐Xe discharge, the great increase in VUV radiation mainly results from an increase in excimer VUV emission. The application of high‐Xe concentration can greatly increase the luminous efficacy, while the high‐γ protective layer can promote it further. Considering that the total discharge efficiency can be divided into the electron heating efficiency, the Xe excitation efficiency, and the VUV radiation efficiency, both the electron heating efficiency and Xe excitation efficiency increased for a high‐Xe discharge; while for a high‐γ discharge, the increase in electron heating efficiency contributes to the improvement in discharge efficiency.     

Development and reliability analysis of micro gas sensor platform on glass substrate

In this paper, technology for a gas sensor platform with borofloat as the substrate material is presented. Comprehensive characterization of the platform, its comparison with silicon and alumina, fabrication yield improvement and a study of reliability of the micro-heater platform have been carried out. Usually, the chips are suspended in air to reduce power consumption. However, the presented technology is a non-MEMS technique and doesn’t require any complex packaging. Borofloat has much lower thermal conductivity in comparison to silicon and alumina, thereby reducing the thermal losses, making it possible to operate the device with low power consumption. The process adapted for the fabrication of the gas sensor platform has lesser complexities and the process cost is reduced compared to conventional gas sensor fabrication, as it does not require thermal oxidation and bulk micromachining. Different substrates (silicon, alumina and glass) have been simulated using COMSOL to depict the benefit of lower thermal conductivity. Micro-heater has also been fabricted on all the three above mentioned substrates and the power consumption is compared. Various reliability analysis have been carried out on the glass based platform such as maximum temperature test, long term ON test and ON–OFF pulse test.

     

Improvement in luminance,luminous efficiency,driving margin,and operational lifetime of HD PDPs by using discharge deactivation film

Abstract— We have improved our 116‐cm HD PDP in many respects by using DDF formed on MgO around the display line boundaries. The DDF allows an extremely narrow inter‐pixel gap even for a stripe‐rib structure because it prohibits vertical crosstalk discharge. The DDF combined with a stripe‐rib structure results in the best address discharge response. Thus, a very wide driving margin area is achieved, allowing for a high percentage of Xe. The preferable sustain electrode shape follows the CAPABLE DDF style, where the principal discharge portion is separated from the bus via a slim bridge. This cell configuration proved to be excellent in operational life testing with respect to DDF as well as in manufacturing process margin. By employing both a thinner dielectric layer and a TiO₂reflective underlayer for phosphor, the address response is further improved so that Xe15% vol. is available from the viewpoint of the driving margin. Thus, we achieved a white peak luminance of 1220 cd/m² and a luminous efficiency of 2.16 lm/W simultaneously despite of an applied sustain voltage as low as 185 V. We foresee that they will be soon as high as 1400 cd/m² and 2.5 lm/W by modifying the sustain electrode style.     

A novel spacer‐free panel structure and glass for FEDs

Abstract— A new design for an FED envelope, composed of box‐shaped front glass, sheet‐like rear glass, and metal members, has been devised. This design structure is effective in reducing tensile stress induced by vacuum at the sealing points. Also, a new glass composition, a new physical tempering method, and a lead‐free hermetic sealing material have been developed. As a result, a novel lightweight spacer‐free panel structure for FEDs has been developed by integrating these new technologies. It will assist in maximizing the essential advantages of FED such as high image quality, high reliability, and low cost.     

The environmental benefits of thin glass for display substrates

Abstract— There is an ever‐increasing societal expectation to reduce the amount of atmospheric carbon created by human activity. This pressure has resulted in both mandatory government regulations and voluntary industry initiatives. There are also increasing expectations to reduce the amount of noxious or undesirable elements and chemicals used in the manufacturing of products and in the products themselves. As a supplier of substrate glass to the display industry, Corning has proactively responded to these expectations in a variety of ways. For example, Corning provides the most environmentally friendly LCD glass, EAGLE XG® substrate glass, which has no added heavy metals or halides. In addition, the introduction of EAGLE XG® Slim substrates will have significant benefits in reducing the amount of carbon used in the production and transportation of glass substrates and of the products incorporating them. In this paper, several environmental benefits of moving to thin glass substrates are demonstrated: the reduction of carbon created in the manufacturing of glass, the reduction of carbon created in the transportation of glass and the products containing glass, and the elimination or reduction of noxious chemicals used in the thinning of display panels.     

蜂巢基底纳米颗粒SEM图像分析方法研究

分析了蜂巢形基底上纳米颗粒SEM图像的特征,阐明了纳米颗粒特征值提取所遇到的问题。借助形态学滤波、直方图均衡、颗粒分析等图像处理方法,解决了图像二值化处理后纳米颗粒图像上的大孔洞、粘连颗粒影响粒径提取等问题。给出了蜂巢形基底上纳米颗粒SEM图像处理算法,实现了占空比、粒径分布等纳米颗粒特征值提取的目标,为进一步对纳米器件的参数进行定量评价和改进奠定了基础。     

Improved approach to analysis of substrate coupling based on multilayered Green's function

This article presents an improvement on the evaluation of a Green's function method proposed by Niknejad 7 for modeling and analysis of substrate coupling in integrated circuits. By careful combination, the 64‐term summation can be approximated by a four‐term one. Therefore, the computational cost can be reduced. The approximation is effective for contact pairs small compared to their separations. This article also studies quantitatively how small the contact should be in order for approximation to be applicable. Numerical results show that a speed‐up of over 6× could be achieved by adopting the new approach. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2006.