Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves normally incident on a plasma slab moving uniformly along a magnetostatic field

Power reflection and transmission coefficients are found for linearly and circularly polarized plane electromagnetic waves, normally incident on a plasma slab, moving uniformly along a magnetostatic field, normal to the slab boundaries. The solution is found by applying the boundary conditions in the rest frame, and then using relativistic transformations for the fields and the plasma parameters to find the reflection and transmission coefficients observed in the laboratory frame. The results for the circularly polarized incident waves are found in closed form. Numerical results are presented for linearly polarized incident waves. It is found that with an increase in the magnetostatic field, the absolute maximum of the reflection coefficient increases at different velocities. An increase in the magnetostatic field makes the slab more transparent at velocities for which the transmission coefficient with no magnetostatic field is very small. A dielectric-like behavior is observed for large magnetostatic fields. The sum of the power reflection and power transmission coefficients is found to be no longer equal to unity for velocity different from zero.     

Frequency-scanned reflection gratings with integrated polarizer

A frequency-scanned reflection grating (blazed grating) with polarizer properties is investigated. The grating structure considered consists of a periodic array of double-dipole elements etched on a dielectric substrate and placed over a ground plane. The two dipoles within a periodic cell are displaced and tilted from each other. Numerical results are presented showing that this grating structure can be designed to have the property of efficiently converting the power of an incident linear polarized wave into a circular polarized diffracted wave. A design is also outlined where the grating acts as a twist reflector, converting an incident linear polarized transverse electric wave into a first-order diffracted transverse magnetic wave. The theoretical analysis is based on Floquet's theorem and the method of moments. Experimental results verifying the numerical results are also presented     

A microstrip line on a chiral substrate

Right and left circular vector potentials are developed and used in a spectral-domain solution for a microstrip transmission line on a chiral substrate. These vector potentials have properties similar to those of the usual magnetic and electric vector potentials, except that they result in circular rather than linearly polarized fields, thereby simplifying field expansions in chiral media. The chiral microstrip line does not have bifurcated modes like other chiral guided wave structures; however, the chiral substrate causes a significant asymmetry in both the fields and currents     

Time domain analysis of transient propagation in inhomogeneous magnetized plasma using Z-transforms

The electromagnetic propagation through an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab is studied using the Z-transform formulation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain（FDTD） method. The direction of electromagnetic propagation is parallel to the biasing magnetic filed. To validate the Z-transform algorithm, the reflection and transmission coefficients for the right-hand circularly polarized wave of the homogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed by means of discrete Fourier transform. The comparison between the reflection and transmission coefficients of the homogeneous plasma slab and analytical values indicates that Z-transform algorithm is very accurate. When the plasma frequency varies according to the square root and parabolic relations, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed.     

Wideband reflecting frequency-selective surface polarizer for X-band applications

This paper proposed the design of a broadband linear-to-circular reflecting polarizer for X-band applications. The polarizer is designed with three-arm dipole-shaped unit cells with a full ground plane to get wideband performance. The incident linear polarized wave is converted to a right-handed circularly polarized wave upon reflection from the polarizer. The footprint of the unit cell is 9 × 9 mm, which is printed on a FR-4 substrate. Fabricated prototype is measured for its performances like polarization conversion ratio (PCR), fractional bandwidth, and aperture efficiency. The PCR is about 97%, and the fractional bandwidth is 64% with the aperture efficiency of more than 80%. Polarizer performance is analyzed in transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes, and they are stable up to 40° of various incident angles. The polarizer exhibits the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth from 8 to 12 GHz, which is suitable for satellite applications.     

Reflection and transmission of radio waves at a dielectric slab with variable permittivity

Expressions for the reflection and the transmission power coefficients are derived for the case where a plane wave is obliquely incident on a dielectric slab in which the relative permittivity decreases symmetrically according to a1/z^{2}law from a given maximum value at the plane of symmetry and tends towards unity at the two faces of the slab. The effect of the curvature and other parameters governing the inverse square profile on the transparency property of the material at radar frequencies has been studied within a larged/lambdarange wheredis the half-slab thickness andlambdathe wavelength of the incident wave.     

Vector circuit method applied for chiral slab waveguides

Eigenvalue equations for the propagation constants of lightwaves in open chiral slab waveguides are derived. The analysis makes use of vector circuit modeling of a chiral slab, the method which has been previously applied for calculating reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves in chiral multilayer structures. The general eigenvalue equation for the guide which is valid for arbitrary boundary impedance conditions on the slab interfaces is derived, and three special cases are analyzed in detail: an open chiral dielectric slab with dielectric half spaces of the opposite sides of the slab, a chiral slab on an ideally conducting surface, and a chiral slab on an ideal magnetic surface. The theory is visualized by calculated dispersion curves indicating the chirality effect on the wave propagation characteristics     

The absorption and coupling of an electromagnetic wave incident ona microstrip circuit with superstrate

The absorption of an electromagnetic wave incident on a microstrip circuit covered with a dielectric layer is studied. The exact analytical expression for the plane-wave reflection coefficient at the air-superstrate interface of a four-layer model for a superstrate-loaded microstrip circuit is given. Numerical results illustrating the power absorption by the microstrip circuit and the electric and magnetic fields on the surface of the circuit as a function of wave frequency, superstrate thickness, superstrate permittivity, and incident angle are presented. It is found that the power absorption by the circuit at resonant frequencies increases with increasing superstrate permittivity. Higher superstrate thickness and permittivity can both cause more resonant power absorption peaks in the frequency spectrum. Significant intensities of electric or magnetic fields can also exist on the surface of the circuit for almost all the frequencies, which may couple to the circuit and cause malfunctions or interference. Details of the numerical results are presented     

Scattering of Guided Modes Caused by an Arbitrarily Shaped Broken End in a Dielectric Slab Waveguide

Electromagnetic scattering of guided modes in a dielectric slab waveguide caused by an arbitrarily shaped broken end is analyzed theoretically by using the integral equation method. By solving the integral equations iteratively, the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields on the broken end surface are determined, from which the reflected mode power, the radiation wave power and field patterns, and the total scattered power are obtained. Numerical results are presented for the plane-perpendicular, plane-tilted, and arc-shaped end surfaces. Both TE and TM modes are assumed as an incident wave.     

一种用于动中通天线的新型波导极化器

低剖面动中通系统中由于天线形式和空间的限制, 通常需要单独的极化器来进行极化跟踪。提出一 种用于动中通天线的新型波导极化器组件, 用于输出相位相同、功率比可调的两路信号。通过一个同轴式正交模耦 合器(OMT)和一个可旋转的180°介质移相器来实现任意角度的线极化, 采用垂直-水平通道相位一致的OMT 进行极化分离, 保证了要求天线处于45°极化角时垂直-水平通道的幅度误差和相位误差降低到可接受的范围, 从而保证了系统的交叉极化隔离度。     

A wave polarization converter for circular polarization

A linearly polarized wave may be converted to a circularly polarized wave by means of a panel which provides90degdifference in transmission phase between two crossed linear components. This phase difference is obtained over a wide frequency band by means of thin sheets containing both inductive and capacitive shunt susceptance. Low reflection and near unity axial ratio may be obtained by means of three sheets which are spaced for least reflection. An experimental polarizer has been constructed using three photo-etched sheets and a dielectric honeycomb core. Over a 20 per cent band the axial ratio of the circular polarization is within 1.7 db and the insertion loss is within 0.5 db. Over a 46 per cent band the axial ratio is less than 2.0 db and the insertion loss is less than 1.0 db.     

Scattering by an inhomogeneous dielectric/ferrite cylinder ofarbitrary cross-section shape-oblique incidence case

A moment method (MM) solution is developed for the fields scattered by an inhomogeneous dielectric/ferrite cylinder of arbitrary cross-section. The incident field is assumed to be a plane wave of arbitrary polarization with oblique incidence with respect to the axis of the cylinder. The total electric and magnetic fields are the unknown quantities in two coupled equations from which a system of linear equations is obtained. Once the total electric and magnetic fields within the cylinder are computed, the scattered fields at any other point in space can be calculated. It is noted that for the case of oblique incidence, the scattered field has TE_z and TM_z polarized fields regardless of the polarization of the incident field. The echo widths of cylinders and shells of circular, semicircular, and rectangular cross section are calculated for TE_z and TM_z polarized incident fields. It is shown that the results obtained for dielectric/ferrite cylinders and shells of circular cross section with the solutions developed here agree very well with the corresponding exact eigenfunction solutions     

FDTD Simulation of Electromagnetic Propagation in Magnetized Plasma Using Z Transforms

The electromagnetic propagation through a magnetized plasma slab is studied using the finite-difference time-domain method by means of the z transform The reflection and transmission coefficients of the magnetoactive plasma for the right-hand circularly polarized wave are presented. The comparison of the results of the Z transform and recursive convolution algorithms with analytic values indicates that the Z transform algorithm is more accurate than the recursive convolution algorithm. The Z transform algorithm overcomes the drawback that the recursive algorithm cannot predict the transmission coefficient of the magnetized plasma slab for the right-hand circularly polarized wave in the stop band.     

Propagation and depolarization of an arbitrarily polarized waveobliquely incident on a slab of random medium

The problem of how a slab of random medium affects the propagation and polarization of an arbitrarily polarized obliquely incident electromagnetic wave is investigated. The general formulation is given by using vector radiative transfer theory. The multiple scattering solution is compared with the analytical first-order solution when the optical distance is small and the comparison shows that the results are consistent with each other. The multiple scattering results for a left-handed circularly polarized incident wave show that the transmitted wave is still right-handed near the backscattering direction. The scattering signature obtained shows that for normal incidence one can obtain a maximum backscattered power if an arbitrarily oriented linearly polarized incident wave is chosen and that for an incident angle of 30°, a minimum backscattered power can be obtained if a linearly polarized incident wave is oriented at 45° or 135°     

Reflection and transmission at the surface of a chiral negative refractive medium

Electromagnetic fields at the surface of a chiral negative refraction medium (the chirality parameter is larger than the refractive index) are analyzed theoretically. For obtaining chirality parameter,the normalized reflected and transmitted powers as a function of the incident angle are given for the perpendicular (TE) and parallel (TM) polarized incident wave.Brewster angle and total internal reflection angle are discussed. Due to the negative refraction of one eigen-wave in the chiral medium, the reflection, transmission and Brewster angle characteristics are very different from those in the normal chiral medium.     

1维光子晶体中TM波的传输公式及其辨析

为了得到1维光子晶体中TM波的传输公式,采用传输矩阵的方法和电磁波的边界条件,推导出TM波在介质层中的特征矩阵及其反射系数和透射系数公式。结果表明,用TE波反射系数和透射系数公式做代换的方法不能得到正确的TM波的反射系数和透射系数公式;对推导出TM波的反射系数和透射系数公式进行了分析,由TM波的反射系数和透射系数公式得出的光强透射率和反射率满足能量守恒;并且推出的TM波反射系数公式不仅能够反映反射波与入射波的数量关系,且能够反映反射波与入射波的位相关系。这些结果对研究1维光子晶体中TM波的传输性质是有帮助的。     

Analysis of electromagnetic scattering by periodic strip grating ona grounded dielectric/magnetic slab for arbitrary plane wave incidencecase

A new type of integral equation that is coupled with strip-electric and slot-magnetic currents is applied to the analysis of electromagnetic scattering by a periodic strip grating on a grounded dielectric/magnetic slab for an oblique incident plane wave with arbitrary polarization. In the analysis, the electric and magnetic currents are expanded into a product of a series of cosine functions and a function satisfying the edge condition. Coupled linear equations for the unknown electric and magnetic currents are obtained. From the coupled linear equations, explicit expressions for the reflection coefficients are derived by the use of a single edge-mode expansion. The validity of the method is examined by numerically calculated boundary conditions. A comparison between the calculated results from the present method and a previous method by measured ones shows that the accuracy of the method is excellent. Numerical calculations show that the method converges very rapidly with reasonable accuracy     

Reflection and transmission at the surface of a chiral negafive refractive medium

Electromagnetic fields at the surface of a chiral negative refraction medium （the chirality parameter is larger than the refractive index） are analyzed theoretically. For obtaining chirality parameter,the normalized reflected and transmitted powers as a function of the incident angle are given for the perpendicular （TE） and parallel （TM） polarized incident wave. Brewster angle and total internal reflection angle are discussed. Due to the negative refraction of one eigen-wave in the chiral medium, the reflection, transmission and Brewster angle characteristics are very different from those in the normal chiral medium.     

Asymmetric Fission Transmission of Linear-to-Circular Polarization Converter Using Bi-layer Split Ring Structure

A circular polarizer based on bi-layer split ring structure is proposed that could achieve asymmetric fission transmission of linearly polarized wave at the dual band. Firstly, a new approach of “Fission Transmission of Electromagnetic (FTEM) waves” is introduced to understand the polarization transformation behavior for linear-to-circular polarization. The designed structure achieves broadband circularly polarized wave with an asymmetric transmission over resonance frequencies by the principle of FTEM wave. The electronics circuit of proposed structure demonstrates the transformation behavior of EM waves when the electric and magnetic coupling between the upper and lower patterned SRR is reached at the certain strength. The physics of the giant circular dichroism effect and optical activity is illustrated by the surface currents distribution on the structure. The proposed structure achieves a right-handed circularly polarized wave and left hand circularly polarized wave with high transmission at 13.94–15.70 GHz and at 16.0–17.03 GHz, respectively. The axial ratio bandwidth of 11.76 and 6.86% is obtained at the dual band. The simulated and measured results exhibit good correspondence.     

Effect of magnetized ferromagnetic film on electrodynamic characteristics of a meander microstrip line

The results of an experimental investigation of electrodynamic characteristics of a meander microstrip line with a ferromagnetic film are presented for different values of an external magnetic field. It is found that, in the presence of a ferrite film, higher-order modes caused by perturbation of corresponding modes of a multilayered meander line are excited in the passband of a higher-order mode of the meander line. These modes propagate in dielectric substrates of the meander line and the ferromagnetic film. The effect of transmission of the active power in the stopband of the meander line with a ferromagnetic film is discovered. This effect also arises in the case of excitation of magnetostatic waves.