Opinion congruence with a negative source on one issue as a factor influencing agreement on another issue.

An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis "that a statement by a communicator of opinion congruence with the communicates on an issue of importance to them will facilitate the opinion-change effectiveness of a following, persuasive communication on a different topic." The data collected on 120 college student Ss tended to confirm the hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Taking a history of the patient with diplopia

The diagnosis and treatment of adult diplopia is challenging. Having a thorough and complete history of the patient can make this difficult process easier. This article describes the most important questions to ask when taking the history of a patient with diplopia and explains why a particular question is essential. Tips of what to search for in the patient's answers are also provided.     

What is a social issue?

Considers that social issues can no longer be isolated as a separate category of applied work in social science. Once it is acknowledged that few activities in either hard or soft science do not have an immediate or potential impact on the welfare of substantial numbers of people, the question becomes: "What is not a social issue?" After elaborating this theme with examples drawn from current problem areas, models for relevant activity proposed by the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues and by the Psychologists for Social Action are discussed. Critical analysis of both models suggests that despite differences between them (the former is largely information oriented while the latter is oriented toward advocacy) they ultimately face similar conceptual and political dilemmas. These include (a) the absence of generic criteria for issues, (b) the absence of a fundamental agenda, and (c) confusion over instrumentalities for action. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Boredom as a clinical issue.

Presents a model of boredom containing 4 variables (activation, orientation, needs, and skills) that is partly based on activation theory (S. R. Maddi, 1980). Boredom is predicted to be greatest among those with a high customary activation, an external orientation, frustrated needs, and low skill levels. General considerations regarding the management of boredom in the client are discussed and illustrated with case material. The origin and nature of boredom in 3 personality disorders (the histrionic, dependent, and schizoid) are contrasted. Finally, the implications of boredom in the therapist are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reader takes issue with Fischer.

Criticizes an article by E. H. Fischer (see record 1973-06676-001) concerning overpopulation and intention to limit family size. Fischer's article may suffer from his unfamiliarity with many of the statistical and methodological procedures he employs, as well as from inconsistencies within the article. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

走新型工业化发展之路

文章论述了不断解放思想,转变观念,开拓创新,走新型工业化发展之路,是使企业持续发展的必由之路。     

AIDS patients in Italian prisons: a burning issue with no easy solution

Administration of sodium metavanadate (3 mg/kg) to adult female Sprague Dawley rats for 5 consecutive days by intreaeritoneal route resulted in major alterations in lipid profiles and protein concentration in all the brain regions. Sodium metavanadate exposure displayed phospholipids, cholesterol and cerebrosides, and protein, but ganglioside concentration was significantly increased in various areas of the brain. Loss of body weight observed in this study could be attributed to the loss of appetite; loss of nutrients and wasting of tissues. It is likely that large amount of body water was lost through diarrhoea. Gas liquid chromatography has revealed that oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and archidonic acid were preferentially lost in the brain of vanadium-exposed rats. Thin layer chromatography further proved degradation of individual lipids. Sphingomyelin was substantially decreased followed by phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine, but phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol were slightly affected. Our recent work has demonstrated vanadium-induced stimulation of lipid peroxidation in the various regions of the rat brain. It is speculative that deterioration of myelin sheath by vanadium exposure contributed to preferential lipid loss but lesser loss of protein. These studies also indicate that vanadium-induced stimulation of lipid peroxidation is characterized by a selective loss of brain polyunsaturated fatty acids and thus comprehensive degradation of lipids in the different regions of the rat brain. However, the mechanism involved in the elevation of ganglioside levels is not yet fully understood. It is concluded that these perturbations produced damage to the associated physiological functions leading to CNS dysfunctions.     

Effects of familiarity with a controversial issue on acceptance of successive persuasive communications.

The relationship between primacy and recency of communication and familiarity with the topic were explored. Attitudes were measured of high school students towards an article on a controversial subject written from both a pro and a con standpoint. Attempts to establish primacy and recency effects failed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Taking different perspectives on a story.

In 2 experiments, 176 undergraduates read stories from 1 of 2 directed perspectives or no directed perspective. Results show that an idea's significance in terms of a given perspective determined whether the idea would be learned and, independently, whether it could be recalled 1 wk later. These results are interpreted to mean that alternative high-level schemata can provide frameworks for assimilating a text, perhaps by providing "slots" for different types of information. Later, the schema from which an instantiated memorial representation of a passage was constructed may furnish the retrieval plan for recovery of detailed information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)