乙醇对HIPEs法制备吸油憎水树脂及其性能的影响

以苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯为共聚单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为乳化剂,采用油包水型高内相比乳液模板法合成了聚苯乙烯/二乙烯基苯(PSD)多孔树脂。考察了相对于分散相不同体积分数的乙醇对乳液稳定性及PSD的密度、吸(释)液性、溶胀率等性能的影响。发现随着乙醇用量的增加,反应体系难以形成稳定的乳液,其密度、吸液性、溶胀性下降,而对甲苯的释放速率增加;PSD多孔材料经水-乙醇抽提后吸水率降低至0.26 cm3/g,而吸甲苯率仍达15.60~18.42 cm3/g,表现出明显的吸油憎水性能。     

交联剂对聚丙烯酸酯多孔材料性能的影响

以丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸异辛酯为单体,分别以二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)、二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂,采用高内相比乳液模板法制备了聚丙烯酸酯W/O型的乳液,所得乳液经固化得多孔材料。通过SEM、UV-Vis、TGA等表征手段讨论了两种交联剂对聚合物多孔材料的结构与性能的影响。结果表明:使用DVB作为交联剂的多孔材料泡孔排布更加紧密有序且孔径较小,对罗丹明B水溶液的吸附性能相对较高,其多孔材料的耐热温度高了60℃左右。     

有机硅含量对聚丙烯酸酯多孔材料性能的影响

以丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯以及γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPtMS)为原料,采用高内相比乳液模板法制备了有机硅聚丙烯酸酯多孔材料,讨论了MPtMS对聚丙烯酸酯多孔材料的微观结构、热稳定性以及对有机染料罗丹明B水溶液的脱色效果的影响。结果表明:通过控制MPtMS含量,可有效控制多孔的形貌,获得泡孔规整、毛孔均匀分布的聚合物多孔材料;MPtMS的加入可提高聚合物多孔材料的热稳定性以及对罗丹明B水溶液的吸附性能。     

高内相比乳液的研究与应用进展

介绍了高内相比乳液(HIPEs)的研究概况,总结了HIPEs在聚合物多孔材料制备方面的研究与应用进展,展望了HIPEs作模板制备多孔材料的应用前景。     

非反应性溶剂在多孔材料制备中的作用机理研究

采用高内相比乳液模板法,以Span80为乳化剂,分别采用甲苯、氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、2-氯乙基苯、1-氯-3-苯基丙烷为非反应性溶剂制备了聚二乙烯基苯/苯乙烯多孔材料,分析了不同非反应性溶剂在多孔材料制备中对多孔材料表面形态和比表面积影响的作用机理。结果表明,非反应性溶剂的界面活性主要影响多孔材料的泡孔和窗口尺寸,而非反应性溶剂与聚二乙烯基苯/苯乙烯之间的相容性和非反应性溶剂的极性主要影响多孔材料的比表面积。     

表面羧基化聚丙烯酸酯多孔微球的制备及其铜离子吸附性能研究

以浓乳液作为悬浮聚合的油相,采用水（W）/油（O）/W浓乳液/悬浮聚合方法制备出了内部具有通孔结构、粒径均一的聚甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯多孔微球。结果表明,通过研究乳化剂含量、搅拌速度等参数对多孔微球的内部微孔形貌与微球粒径的影响,发现当乳化剂含量为4 %时,得到的聚合物微球内的微孔结构分布均匀;而聚合物微球的平均粒径会随着搅拌速度的增大而减小。将不同粒径的多孔微球进行酸化水解后得到了表面羧基官能化的聚合物多孔微球,利用其丰富的通孔结构实现了对铜离子（Cu²⁺）的有效吸附,当微球平均粒径介于200~300 μm时,铜离子的去除率最高,可达99.3 %。     

活性炭吸附甲烷和甲苯的分子模拟研究

以石墨片微元构建的多孔碳材料作为活性炭的结构模型,采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法(GCMC)和分子动力学方法(MD),从分子层面研究甲烷和甲苯在活性炭中的吸附和扩散特性. 结果表明,石墨片微元大小对多孔碳材料吸附甲烷和甲苯有一定影响,37个碳环构成的多孔碳材料是最佳的吸附结构;甲烷气体在活性炭材料中扩散较快,甲苯在活性炭中扩散较慢,随碳环碳原子数增加,气体在多孔碳材料中的自扩散系数逐渐增大;引入基团会使最优密度向高密度方向偏移,用不同基团表面改性的吸附量顺序为羟基>氨基>羧基>未改性,基团引入会改善材料的孔结构,有利于吸附量的增加.     

双重Pickering乳液法制备聚丙烯酰胺多孔微球及应用

采用亲水性气相二氧化硅N20和疏水性气相二氧化硅H30复配表面活性剂制备O/W/O型双重乳液,以此为模板,聚合中间相,挥发内相制备聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)多孔微球,并用于染料分子亚甲基蓝的吸附。结果表明：乳液显微镜照片显示水油比对双重乳液的形成有很大的影响,当水油比(O₁/W)/O₂为(1/2)/2时,可得到稳定的双重乳液;扫描电镜(SEM)照片显示PAM多孔微球基本呈球形,但粒径不均匀,球体表面粗糙,内部为空心结构;激光粒度仪(DLS)结果表明PAM微球平均粒径为356nm,多分散系数(PDI)为0.718,比表面积为230m²/g,粒径分布宽;在吸附温度35℃、吸附时间5min时对亚甲基蓝的吸附率为98.89%,最大吸附率超过99%,在吸附速率和吸附率上均优于传统PAM吸附剂,本研究为染料废水的处理提供了新方法。     

工艺参数对钕铁硼化学镀Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层耐蚀性的影响

采用化学镀方法在钕铁硼表面制备Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层,并运用正交实验法考察PTFE乳液浓度、镀液温度、化学镀时间和搅拌速率对Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层腐蚀速率的影响.结果表明:Ni-Mo-P/PTFE复合镀层的腐蚀速率随着镀液温度升高、PTFE乳液浓度增加和搅拌速率提高都呈先减小后增大的趋势,而随着化学...     

致孔剂对PS/MTQ多孔材料结构及性能的影响

以苯乙烯(St)为单体,含甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基的有机硅树脂(MTQ)为交联剂,甲苯为致孔剂,采用高内相乳液(HIPEs)模板法制备了PS/MTQ多孔聚合物材料。研究了致孔剂用量对PS/MTQ多孔材料孔结构及吸脱附性能的影响。结果表明,致孔剂对多孔材料泡孔及互通孔尺寸影响较为显著。     

Open porous emulsion‐templated monoliths: Effect of the emulsion preparation conditions on the foam microstructure and properties

Highly open porous polymer foams were prepared via the polymerization of 10 : 1 styrene/divinylbenzene high‐internal‐phase emulsions (HIPEs) prepared under various emulsifying conditions. The effects of the emulsification stirring speed (SS) and rate of aqueous droplet‐phase addition on the HIPE equilibrium torque value, an approximate characterization of HIPE viscosity, and the microstructure and properties of the resulting HIPE polymer solid foams were investigated. SS was varied over the range 400–1200 rpm for aqueous‐droplet‐phase addition rates (AARs) of 0.53 and 1.3 mL/min. The microscopic results showed that at lower AARs, increasing SS decreased the weighted‐average cell diameter from 24.31 to 13.55 μm, whereas the cell size distribution was broadened, and the intercellular pore size varied irregularly in the range 0.76–1.42 μm. The average cell diameter and intercellular pore size for the solid foams prepared at higher AARs were greater than that of those prepared at lower AARs. The density of the foam materials ranged from 0.057 to 0.072 g/cm³, whereas their thermal conductivity varied from 0.649 to 0.705 W m^?1 °C^?1. The highest compressive stress–strain properties were found for the foam sample prepared with highest SS and a lower AAR. Adding electrolyte CaCl₂ to HIPE produced remarkable increases in the void diameter and intercellular pore size, especially at lower SS values. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

高温热处理对C/C多孔体显微结构的影响

以三维针刺碳毡作为预制体,先采用树脂单向加压浸渍结合热压固化制备了CFRP复合材料,然后通过树脂热解碳化制备出C/C多孔体。文章重点研究了高温热处理对C/C多孔体显微结构的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了材料的显微结构,使用阿基米德方法测定材料的密度和气孔率,并利用压汞仪分析了材料的孔隙分布,利用X射线衍射分析碳基体的石墨化程度。结果显示,高温热处理后材料的密度降低,孔隙率增大;高温热处理没有改变材料中孔隙的类型,但使材料中三类孔隙尺寸均增大;经过高温热处理材料的石墨化度提高,部分块状碳基体转变为片层状石墨碳结构。     

Polymerized high internal phase emulsions containing a porogen: Specific surface area and sorption

Highly porous, open‐cell polymers [poly(HIPE)] were prepared by polymerizing the monomers in the continuous phase (～ 10%) of high internal phase emulsions (HIPE). This paper discusses using poly(HIPE) to remove bromoform from an aqueous solution through sorption, a combination of adsorption and absorption. The crosslinked polystyrene (xPS) and crosslinked poly(ethylhexyl acrylate) (xPEHA) had cell diameters from 1.5 to 15 μm, intercellular pore diameters from 0.3 to 1.5 μm, and densities of about 0.10 g/cc. The specific surface area of the glassy xPS increased from 7.9 to 28.8 m²/g on extraction in methanol, most likely due to crazing. The use of a toluene porogen in the xPS (xPS‐T) reduced the density to 0.05 g/cc and yielded a rough surface with nanoscale porosity and a specific surface area of 132 m²/g. xPS and xPEHA, with very different molecular structures but with similar specific surface areas, exhibited similar sorption behavior. Extraction produced increases in the xPS and xPS‐T sorption plateaus and sorption capacities. For larger specific surface areas, the sorption at low concentrations was relatively independent of concentration, indicating a case of adsorption with the sites occupied. For all the other cases, absorption seems to dominate and sorption is more strongly dependent upon concentration. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2233–2239, 2004     

Mesoporous water adsorbent material from poly high internal phase emulsion for agriculture application

Mesoporous water adsorbent materials were prepared by high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) technique: a technique which used aqueous phase (water phase) as a temporary template (in the form of droplets) and oil phase (polymer phase) as a continuous structure. This research describes the preparation of porous poly[S/ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA)]HIPE from styrene crosslinked with EGDMA. Effects of chemical composition on the pores of the mesoporous adsorbents were investigated. The EGDMA concentration was varied between 0 and 40% of oil phase by total volume to give polyHIPE with various amounts of hydroxyl groups. Effects of oil: aqueous phase ratio on mesoporous adsorbent polyHIPEs resulted in interconnected pores in their morphology. The EGDMA concentration also affected the obtained polyHIPE morphology. The water adsorption of poly(S/EGDMA)HIPE gave high water adsorption, up to 350% of dry weight. The obtained polyHIPE with large average pore size were also found to give high water adsorption capacity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45509.     

静电纺聚乳酸纳米纤维的制备及其孔结构调控

为了调控聚乳酸(PLA)纳米纤维的孔结构,采用静电纺丝技术,以PLA母粒为原料,三氯甲烷(CF)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)按一定比例混合的溶液为溶剂,制备了平均直径在1.37μm的PLA纳米纤维,并对其结构进行表征。结果表明,PLA纳米纤维的平均直径随着纺丝液中CF含量、聚合物浓度、环境湿度的增加而增大;随纺丝电压和灌注速度的增大而呈减小的趋势。同时,环境湿度对纤维表面孔结构有显著影响。随着湿度的增加,纤维表面孔的分布密度增加,且形状由圆形转变为椭圆形。此外,与表面光滑的PLA纳米纤维(2.4 m²/g)相比,所制备的PLA多孔纤维的比表面积提升了10倍(24.0 m²/g)。     

苯乙烯悬浮聚合工艺条件研究

通过悬浮聚合法制取了聚苯乙烯(PS)。主要研究了引发剂用量、搅拌速度、温度、分散剂用量以及水和单体的比对苯乙烯悬浮聚合的影响。结果表明:在苯乙烯20mL,引发剂过氧化二苯甲酸用量0.9g,搅拌速度250r/min,反应时间2.5h左右,反应温度82~85℃,水和单体比为5∶1(体积比)的实验条件下,当分散体系为MgCl(21mol/L)溶液1mL、NaOH(1mol/L)溶液2mL时,可制得合适颗粒尺寸、透明度良好、产率高达99.1%的聚苯乙烯。     

Synthesis and properties of solvent absorptive methyl methacrylate‐divinylbenzene copolymer beads

Methyl methacrylate‐divinylbenzene copolymer beads were synthesized by radical suspension polymerization. The effects of the divinylbenzene concentration and the composition of the toluene/heptane diluent were studied with regard to the polymer bead formation, surface morphology, solvent swelling ratio, and absorption kinetics. The crosslinking density and diluent composition were responsible for solvent swelling. The interaction between the polymer and the diluents is attributed to phase separation, which controls the formation of a network‐type or pore‐type polymer, or a combination. For the optimum bead swelling in toluene, a combined morphology of more flexible polymer networks and a small amount of pores is essential for the desired absorption–desorption behavior. Dynamic swelling behavior of the polymer beads was elucidated. The mechanism of toluene transport into the beads became more a relaxation control. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:447–459, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯悬浮共聚工艺研究

采用悬浮聚合法合成了苯乙烯(ST) -甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)共聚物珠粒.研究了引发剂用量、搅拌速度、反应温度、分散剂用量以及水和单体的比对苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯悬浮聚合的影响.结果表明:苯乙烯2mL;甲基丙烯酸甲酯7.5mL;水/单体=6:1;分散剂(聚乙烯醇0.0025g,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.0045g和磷酸钙0....