生石灰改性燃料对其燃烧及烧结过程NOx排放的影响

摘要：为了从源头实现铁矿烧结NOx减排,采用燃料燃烧及烧结杯实验,使用烧结用生石灰改性燃料,研究生石灰改性用量（生石灰与燃料质量比）对燃料燃烧过程N转化率和NOx排放量（每克燃料燃烧排放NOx的质量）的影响。结果表明,在0～3.0%（质量分数）的范围内,随着生石灰改性用量提高,燃料燃烧N转化率及NOx排放量降低,烧结过程NOx平均浓度降低。当生石灰改性用量超过3.0%(质量分数)时,NOx减排效率有所降低。结合烧结指标综合考虑,适宜生石灰改性用量为1.0%～3.0%。     

二噁英(PCDD/Fs)的形成途径与控制措施

众多研究表明：当今世界环境中的二噁英（PCDD/Fs）主要来自废物焚烧,而我国则主要来自含氯化学品的生产和使用,其次是造纸和金属冶炼。为此,本文论述了废物焚烧、冶金工业、造纸工业和含氯化学品生产过程中PCDD／Fs的形成途径：并论述了主要行业PCDD/Fs的控制措施。     

Quick qualitative analysis of PCDD/Fs from the iron ore sintering process

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS)was applied to the quick qualitative analysis of 17 types of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans(PCDD/Fs)from the iron ore sintering process.The GC×GC-TOFMS parameters were evaluated and optimized to yield a complete separation for the 17 types of PCCD/Fs from interference and to the attainment of high sensitivity.After optimization,all the 17 types of PCCD/Fs were separated within 42.5 min.Th...     

钢铁工业烧结过程二噁英的产生机理与减排研究进展

 铁矿石烧结是目前一个重要的二噁英（PCDD/ Fs）产生工业源,烧结过程二噁英的生成机理复杂,主要由前驱体化合物经有机化合反应生成和碳、氢、氧和氯等元素通过“从头合成”生成,其中以“从头合成”为主,二噁英在烧结机上不仅在干燥带中产生,而且在燃烧带和烧结带的排烟道中也产生。烧结过程二噁英的减排主要方法分为源头控制、过程与操作控制以及末端治理3种,源头控制是烧结过程抑制二噁英产生的最佳选择,现行工艺往往选择末端治理。烧结烟气成分复杂,单一的二噁英减排技术减排幅度未必奏效,而且投资比较大。针对烧结工序的技术特点和烧结烟气的特征,烧结污染物协同减排是烧结工序节能减排的最佳途径,如烧结烟气循环不但可以减少二噁英产生,还可以同时减少[NOx]和粉尘量的排放,这是今后烧结协同减排发展的一个方向。     

Levels of PCDD/Fs in soil samples in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste incinerator

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were determined in 24 soil samples collected near a municipal solid waste incinerator (Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain). Soil samples were obtained at various sites within 1.5 km from the stack. Total PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 0.225 to 5.80 ng TEQ/kg dry matter (d.m.) with a median value of 0.799 ng TEQ/kg and a mean value of 1.080 ng TEQ/kg. No remarkable PCDD/F contamination was found. The results were consistent and even lower than those reported in other international studies. Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to compare these soil samples with a set of 10 additional samples collected outside the influence of the plant. Principal Component and hierarchical cluster analyses of soils in the vicinity of the incinerator provide patterns of PCDD/Fs quite similar from those obtained in soils collected far from the influence of that facility.     

不同炉料结构高炉实现低碳排放的解析

 为了进一步实现高炉低碳排放目标,对以烧结矿或球团矿为主导的炉料结构进行比较分析。首先列举了国内外不同炉料结构高炉的操作参数和生产指标,并利用炉料冶金性能试验、物料平衡和热平衡计算、Rist操作线等分析方法对典型的以烧结矿为主的宝钢炉料结构和低燃料消耗进行深入解析,同时对以球团矿占主导的瑞典SSAB炉料结构的低燃料消耗指标进行比较。从高炉实际数据分析可以得出,低燃料消耗和炉料结构的关系是十分密切的,高入炉矿品位、低渣量、高的煤气利用率是实现低燃耗的关键。在宝钢的实际操作中,通过优化炉料结构、降低燃耗可以减少8%~10%的碳排放,而瑞典高炉燃耗更低,可实现更低的碳排放。研究结果可对国内外高炉低碳排放的生产操作提供借鉴。     

原料场受卸技术及其应用

介绍了原料场受卸工艺的类型及其结构特点、技术特性、适用场合,从技术能力、技术特点、技术经济三个方面分析并比较了原料场受卸工艺,提出了原料场受卸工艺的设计流程和选型建议.     

原料结构对烧结矿高温性质的影响

通过改变烧结料中外矿的配比,找到适合烧结矿生产的配比数,并对其质量进行验证.使用一台可控气氛高温抗压试验机,研究了烧结矿常温及不同温度下的强度,总结出原料结构对烧结矿高温性质的影响.     

Processing of nickel- and cobalt-containing leach liquors obtained from different raw materials

Acidic as well as ammoniacal leach liquors obtained from three different raw materials, namely, lateritic nickel ores, copper converter slag and Indian Ocean manganese nodules, were treated for removal of impurities and separation of copper, nickel and cobalt. Precipitation and solvent extraction techniques were used for these purposes. Iron and silica impurities from acidic solutions were removed by lime precipitation. In ammoniacal medium, iron was coprecipitated with manganese. Manganese was removed as manganese dioxide by oxidative precipitation from both media; this removal also results in some loss of cobalt due to its adsorption on the manganese dioxide matrix. From sulphate solutions, copper was extracted using LIX 64N^®1 followed by nickel-cobalt coextraction using di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA). From the loaded solvent, nickel and cobalt were separated by the crowding technique. From ammoniacal solution, both copper and nickel were coextracted with LIX 64N and separated by selective stripping from the loaded organic phase. Cobalt was recovered either by sulphide precipitation or by adsorption on lignite followed by desorption with sulphuric acid/spent electrolyte.     

Cr元素对Diamond/Cu复合材料界面结构及热导性能的影响

采用预制件制备,压力浸渗金属工艺制备Diamond/Cu复合材料,分析了Cu基体合金化及金刚石颗粒表面金属化情况下,Cr元素对复合材料界面结构和热性能的影响。结果表明,Diamond/Cu-Cr复合材料中金刚石与Cu-Cr合金界面结合良好,Cr元素在界面处发生富集并与金刚石反应生成Cr3C2,其界面结构为金刚石-Cr3C2-富Cr的Cu-Cr合金层-Cu-Cr基体,复合材料的热导率达到520W.m-.1K-1;Diamond-Cr/Cu复合材料中金刚石表面金属化Cr层在熔渗过程中与Cu互扩散,促进界面结合,形成金刚石-Cr3C2层-纯Cr层-Cu-Cr互扩散层-Cu的界面结构。与Diamond/Cu-Cr复合材料相比界面处增加了Cr层,材料的热导率仅为279W.m-1.K-1,但均高于Diamond/Cu复合材料的热导率。