合金化及热处理对镁合金阳极材料组织及性能的影响

采用熔炼铸造法制备Mg合金阳极材料,采用恒电流法和动电位极化扫描法研究合金成分和热处理对其电化学行为的影响,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对不同热处理状态下显微组织和腐蚀产物进行观察和检测.结果表明:随着Hg含量的增加,固溶态试样在100 mA/cm2放电电流密度下的稳定电位由-1.547 V降至-1.772 V,Hg对Mg阳极材料具有较强的活化作用.热处理使Mg阳极第二相Mg5Ga2沿晶界和晶内弥散析出.Mg合金阳极材料的电化学活性由大至小的顺序为铸态、96 h时效态、2 h时效态、固溶态,而腐蚀抗力却按此顺序依次增大,Mg合金阳极材料的腐蚀类型为全面腐蚀与点蚀共存.     

低驱动电位Al-Ga合金牺牲阳极及其活化机制

采用恒电流试验评价了不同Ga含量的Al-Ga二元合金牺牲阳极的电化学性能,并通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析、回沉积等实验探讨了阳极的活化溶解机制。结果表明,采用高纯铝锭炼制的Al-0.07%Ga 二元合金工作电位在-0.820 V~-0.876 V（vs.Ag/AgCl海水）之间,而用工业铝锭Al99.85炼制的Al-0.1%Ga二元合金阳极工作电位在 -0.802 V~-0.818 V之间,基本满足低驱动电位牺牲阳极的要求,但局部腐蚀溶解均较严重,溶解性能有待改善;Al-Ga合金腐蚀产物中的 Ga含量随基体中Ga含量的增加而增加,但远小于基体中的Ga含量;溶解后阳极表面的Ga含量大于基体中Ga含量,原因是溶解在溶液中的 Ga³⁺回沉积到阳极表面,使得阳极表面Ga含量增加;Al-Ga阳极的活化符合溶解-再沉积机理。     

锌合金牺牲阳极海水干湿交替条件下的电化学性能研究

对Zn-Al-Cd合金牺牲阳极在海水全浸和海水干湿交替条件下的电化学性能进行了对比研究,并对阳极表面腐蚀产物的形貌和阳极表面溶解状况进行了分析。随着干湿交替次数的增加,锌合金阳极的工作电位逐渐正移,发出电流的能力逐渐减弱,阳极活性逐渐降低,电流效率明显下降。在干湿交替条件下,锌合金阳极表面腐蚀产物更为致密,表面溶解状况不如全浸时的均匀。表面腐蚀产物层致密和局部腐蚀是造成干湿交替条件下锌合金牺牲阳极活性和电流效率降低的主要原因。     

氯离子浓度对AZ63镁合金初始腐蚀的影响

采用腐蚀电位、线极化、电化学阻抗谱和极化测量等方法研究AZ63镁合金在1％、3％、5％和7％NaCl(质量分数)腐蚀介质中的初始腐蚀行为.结果表明,随着氯离子浓度的增加,腐蚀速率加快.基于得到的动力学参数,讨论了阳极溶解和析氢反应的机理,并建立了动力学模型.结果显示,阳极溶解是发生在Temkin条件下,析氢反应取决于M...     

X70管线钢近中性环境氢致开裂与阳极溶解的关系

采用慢速率拉伸试验(SSRT)方法及电化学测量技术,研究了阴极电位下X70钢在某种近中性介质中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)机理.试验表明,在近中性介质中,随着电位的降低,管线钢的SCC敏感性增强.但当电位低于某一范围后,SCC敏感性减弱;随着溶液pH值的降低,管线钢的腐蚀速率增大,敏感电位区间负移.分析表明,在近中性介质中,管线钢应力腐蚀开裂主要受阳极溶解和氢致开裂两种机理的联合作用,氢的渗入可能与氢的还原过程及管线钢阳极溶解密切相关.适宜的电位可以使阳极溶解和氢的联合作用增强.增强应力腐蚀开裂倾向.     

环境温度对Zn合金牺牲阳极性能的影响

研究了Zn系合金阳极材料在不同环境介质中其电化学性能的变化,通过分析Zn系合金在3.5％NaCl溶液中的不同温度极化曲线,获得了环境温度对牺牲阳极材料性能影响的基本规律.结果表明,Zn-Al-Cd系合金在常温、50℃时,工作情况基本稳定,但当温度高于70℃时,Zn-Al-Cd电位比钢铁还高,钢铁腐蚀速率加快,即电位发生逆转,Zn-Al-Cd无法对钢铁再起到保护作用.     

加工态与铸造态的AZ40镁合金阳圾氧化耐蚀性对比

利用正交试验确定了阳极氧化电解液配方,通过比较铸造态和加工态AZ40镁合金金相组织、阳极氧化膜表面形貌、极化曲线,解释加工状态对AZ40镁合金阳极氧化耐蚀性的影响.结果表明,加工态镁合金的腐蚀速率为87.732 02 mg/(m2.h),铸造态镁合金的腐蚀速率为106.37 mg/(m2·h).由于加工态镁合金的合金元素参与阳极氧化,使膜层结合更致密,表面几乎没有裂纹,对基体更具有保护性.     

外加电位对X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响

采用慢应变速率拉仲试验(SSRT)研究了不同外加电位下X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为,并用扫描电镜分析了不同电位下的断面形貌.结果表明,X70管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中具有SCC敏感性;在Ecorr附近施加弱极化时,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增加;施加强阳极电位时,发生强烈阳极溶解,导致阳极溶解断裂;施加强阴极电位时,析氢过程加强,导致氢致应力腐蚀断裂.     

碱性介质中Al-Ga-Sn-Mg的阳极行为研究

炼制了纯铝及含有Ga、Sn、Mg的铝合金阳极，通过极化曲线、交流阻抗、恒电流集气等电化学方法研究了其在4mol/L KOH溶液中的阳极行为，并探讨了Na2SnO3在此介质中对铝阳极性能的影响。结果表明：铝在碱性介质中的自腐蚀析氢呈现典型的正差异效应。铝合金在碱性介质中的阳极极化小，表面的析氢量低，极化电位负，表面溶解均匀，阳极性能较好。锡酸钠不仅可以有效抑制铝阳极在碱性介质中的析氢，同时活化了铝阳极。     

压铸AlMg5Si2Mn合金的腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳行为

研究压铸AlMg5Si2Mn合金的电化学腐蚀、晶间腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳机理。结果表明:合金的自腐蚀电位和点蚀电位分别为-1220和-690 mV,钝化区间约为530 mV,说明合金的耐腐蚀性能良好。合金的晶间腐蚀倾向明显,这主要是由于Mg2Si相自腐蚀电位较低,且(Al+Mg2Si)共晶区的体积分数较大(29.6%)。电化学腐蚀反应和Mg2Si自身溶解产生的氢元素导致疲劳试样表面发生阳极溶解,加速了疲劳裂纹的萌生,从而显著降低了合金的疲劳寿命。腐蚀疲劳试样的裂纹主要是沿晶界扩展。氢元素也导致合金塑性下降,造成应力腐蚀开裂。     

镁合金阳极材料在海水中放电的电化学性能(英文)

镁合金可以作为海水激活电池阳极材料来使用。研究了AZ31、AP65和Mg-3%Ga-2%Hg 3种镁合金在海水中放电的电化学性能。Mg-3%Ga-2%Hg合金的阳极极化曲线表明,该合金具有比AZ31和AP65合金更负的腐蚀电位。恒电流放电实验结果表明,Mg-3%Ga-2%Hg合金在海水中表现出更好的阳极放电性能。交流阻抗测试表明,镁合金阳极和海水接触表面的电化学反应决定反应的活性,Mg-3%Ga-2%Hg 合金中的Mg3Hg和Mg21Ga5Hg3化合物比AZ31合金中的Mg17(Al,Zn)12相以及AP65合金中的铅在镁中形成的固溶体具有更好的电化学活性。     

Microstructure effects on the electrochemical corrosion properties of Mg – 4.1% Ga – 2.2% Hg alloy as the anode for seawater-activated batteries

Mg–Ga–Hg alloy is a new material with special electrochemical corrosion properties that make it ideal for use in seawater-activated battery anodes. The effects of microstructure and phase transformation on the electrochemical properties of the Mg – 4.1% Ga – 2.2% Hg alloy were studied and compared with Mg–Al system alloys. The results show that the Mg – 4.1% Ga – 2.2% Hg alloy, when used as an anode, has an appropriate corrosion potential in a half-cell test and superior electrochemical properties in a single cell assembled with CuCl. The Mg₃Hg and Mg₂₁Hg₅Ga₃ phases of the alloy influence its corrosion behaviour and provide a steady corrosion potential during the discharge process.     

Revealing the effect of aluminum content on the electrochemical performance of magnesium anodes for aqueous batteries

Al is one of the principal alloying elements for Mg anodes. In this study, a series of Mg–Al alloys has been evaluated as anode materials for optimizing the Al addition amount in Mg anodes with the intention of improving the discharge performance in aqueous batteries. The effect of Al content on the discharge potential and corrosion resistance of the Mg anode has been investigated through microstructure characterization, electrochemical measurements in a half-cell, discharge morphology analysis, and Mg–water battery tests. The results show that the Mg–1Al alloy possesses a larger corrosion resistance during discharge, with significant increase of the anode utilization efficiency at 1 and 5 mA/cm² compared with pure Mg. However, a further increase of Al content does not continuously improve the discharge performance of the Mg anode with the decline of utilization efficiency due to the influence of the precipitated phase. This study contributes to a better understanding about the effect of Al on anodic dissolution and corrosion kinetics of the Mg anode.     

In对Al-Mg-Ga-Sn-(In)铝合金阳极组织及电化学性能的影响

在Al基体中添加Mg、Ga、Sn、In合金元素,通过正交试验设计了9组铝-空气电池阳极材料。采用动电位极化试验、析氢试验和恒电流放电试验对铝合金阳极的电化学性能进行优化,通过扫描电镜和能谱测试仪观察了合金的显微组织及成分。结果表明,没有添加In元素的1号合金(Al-0.5Mg-0.05Sn-0.05Ga)、5号合金(Al-Mg-0.1Sn-0.2Ga)和9号合金(Al-2Mg-0.2Sn-0.1Ga)铝阳极具有较差的放电性能和较高的自腐蚀速率,而添加0.05wt% In元素的7号铝阳极(Al-2Mg-0.05Sn-0.2Ga-0.05In)具有最好的放电电压(平均电位-1.968 V)和抗腐蚀性能 (自腐蚀速率0.193 mL·cm^-2·min^-1)。对比去腐蚀产物后的合金表面形貌,发现5号合金的腐蚀表面布满较深的腐蚀坑,这增加了铝合金的自腐蚀,而7号合金的表面具有较浅的腐蚀坑,这减缓了电解液中离子传递和自腐蚀速率。 因此,7号铝合金适合用作铝-空气电池阳极材料。     

Influence of Mg and Ti on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of aluminum alloy sacrificial anodes

The experiments focused on the influence of magnesium and titanium as additional alloying elements on the microstructure and electro-chemical behavior of Al-Zn-In sacrificial anodes. The electrochemical behavior of the aluminum sacrificial anode with 3 wt.% sodium chloride solution was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. It was found that a microstructure with few precipitates and refined grains could be achieved by adding 1 wt.% Mg and 0.05 wt.% Ti to the Al-Zn-In alloy,resulting...     

Electrochemical Characteristics in Seawater for Cold Thermal Spray-Coated Al-Mg Alloy Layer

For corrosion protection of carbon steel in a marine environment,cold arc thermal spray coating was applied to the surface with Al and Al-Mg alloy wires.The surface hardness of Al and Al-Mg thermal spray coatings increased with Mg content.And the various electrochemical experiments were carried out to evaluate corrosion damage characteristics of the thermal spray coating layers.The Al and Al-Mg thermal spray coating layers presented negative potentials compared to carbon steel in corrosion potential measurements.And an anodic polarization experiment revealed a tendency of activation polarization with no passivation.Furthermore,the corrosion damage of the thermal spray coating layer in galvanostatic experiment was observed mainly at the defect area,and the Al-3Mg thermal spray coating layer presented less surface damages than others.In addition,the Al-3Mg thermal spray coating layer showed the lowest corrosion rate while having a sufficient driving voltage for cathodic corrosion protection.Therefore,it is an optimal thermal spray material for sacrificial anode.     

海水电池用镁合金阳极的研究进展

海水电池用镁合金阳极因其较负的电极电位、低的质量密度、大的电化学当量而受到人们的广泛关注.概述了近年来有关海水电池用镁合金的研究进展.首先,介绍了常见镁合金海水电池的分类(镁/金属氯化物电池、镁/海水溶解氧电池、镁/过氧化氢半燃料电池),详细说明了几种电池的工作条件与应用领域.其次,归纳了镁合金海水电池存在的问题,包括...     

Laboratory-scale performance of a binary Cu-Al alloy as an anode for aluminium electrowinning

A binary Cu-Al alloy (9.4 wt.% Al) has been investigated as a potential inert anode for aluminium electrowinning. Anodes have been tested in a laboratory electrolysis cell both with and without preformed oxides. Electrolysis was conducted in cryolitic electrolytes with anode current densities of 0.5 A cm⁻². The anodes operated satisfactorily as measured by electrical parameters. However, substantial corrosion of the Cu-metal substrate was observed. The external oxide generated on pre-treated anodes was porous and allowed the electrolyte to penetrate through to the Cu-metal whereby corrosion was initiated. An untreated anode formed an in situ surface alumina film, but this did not prevent corrosion of the substrate.     

AZ31镁合金表面聚吡咯-钼酸盐膜的腐蚀性能

在水杨酸钠溶液中采用循环伏安法在AZ31镁合金表面分别电聚合聚吡咯(PPy)膜和聚吡咯-钼酸根膜(PPy-MoO42-)。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观测PPy膜和PPy-MoO42-膜层腐蚀前后的表面形貌,衰减全反射红外光谱（ATR-IR）反映了PPy膜和PPy-MoO42-膜的特征吸收峰,研究了MoO42-的存在对PPy特征吸收峰的影响。使用四探针法测量薄膜的表面电阻;采用开路电位（OCP）,电化学交流阻抗谱（EIS）和动电位极化曲线测试PPy膜和PPy-MoO42-膜在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡12h后的耐腐蚀性能。结果显示,PPy-MoO42-膜层更紧凑,PPy-MoO42-膜层的腐蚀电流密度比PPy膜的低三个数量级。钼酸根的存在使得PPy-MoO42-膜的表面电阻比PPy膜小,且PPy-MoO42-膜的耐腐蚀性能较好。     

合金元素Mg对含RE铝阳极组织与性能的影响

采用恒电流方法,测定了Al-5Zn-0.05In-0.1Sn-0.3RE和Al-5Zn-0.05In-0.1Sn-Mg-0.3RE两种铝合金牺牲阳极材料电流效率、利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析,研究了它们的金相组织。结果表明：镁对含RE铝阳极性能有较大改善,镁的添加改变了铝合金晶界偏析相的组成;晶界析出物Mg相减轻了铝阳极的晶界腐蚀和晶粒脱落。