热处理工艺对纳米γ-Al2O3粉体的尺寸和形貌的影响

以异丙醇铝为原料采用溶胶凝胶技术制备水合氧化铝前驱体,经热处理制得纳米氧化铝粉体.采用正交实验设计研究了热处理工艺条件对纳米氧化铝粉体的尺寸和形貌的影响规律.结果表明,热处理工艺参数对Al2O3粒子颗粒特性的影响由强到弱的次序为:煅烧温度、水合氧化铝在300℃分解温度点的保温时间、在煅烧温度点的保温时间;通过控制其热处理工艺参数,可获得一定尺寸范围的大小均匀,分散性好的球形γ-Al2O3粉体;制备尺寸为8 nm的球形γ-Al2O3粉体的最佳的热处理工艺参数为:煅烧温度900℃,在煅烧温度点保温4 h,在300℃温度点不保温.     

纳米γ-Al2O3的溶胶-凝胶法制备及表征

异丙醇铝为先驱体,异丙醇为溶剂,乙酰乙酸乙酯为螯合剂,聚乙二醇(PEG1000)为分散剂,硝酸为胶溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米γ-Al2O3.并采用DTA/TG,XRD,TEM等测试技术对纳米γ-Al2O3粉体进行表征.结果表明,通过溶剂、螯合剂、分散剂和胶溶剂的协同效应,在750℃煅烧条件下,γ-Al2O3粒子形貌为针状结构,长度为20～30 nm;在900℃煅烧条件下,γ-Al2O3粒子形貌为颗粒状,平均晶粒尺寸为10 nm左右;纳米γ-Al2O3粒子尺寸均一、分散性良好.     

加水方式对溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米氧化铝粉体形貌的影响

以异丙醇铝为主要原料采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米氧化铝粉体。利用TG/DTA、XRD、TEM等测试手段研究醇铝水解时不同的加水方式对纳米氧化铝粉体的形成过程和显微结构的影响。结果表明,加水方式影响着醇铝水解产物的晶态和形貌,进而影响着最终产物纳米氧化铝粒子的形貌。采用喷水方式加水得到的水解产物为团絮状的非晶体,采用喷雾加水方式得到的醇铝水解产物针状的勃姆石AlOOH。分析认为这主要是由于加水方式影响着溶液的过饱和度,从而影响着晶核的形成。先驱体的结构影响着氧化铝粉体的结构,团絮状的非晶体煅烧后获得球状氧化铝粉体,针状的水解产物煅烧后形成了片状γ-Al2O3粉体。     

苹果酸溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化铝长纤维(英文)

用硝酸铝、苹果酸为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化铝前驱体溶胶。研究了苹果酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的加入量对溶胶可纺性能的影响。研究发现:当硝酸铝、苹果酸、PVP的质量比为10:3:1.5时,得到的凝胶纤维长度大于80cm。用热重-差示扫描(TG-DSC)、傅里叶转换红外线光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析方法对凝胶纤维和陶瓷纤维进行了表征。凝胶纤维的长度大于80cm。凝胶纤维在1200℃煅烧1h后,物相为α-Al2O3,得到的氧化铝纤维直径均匀、表面光滑,纤维直径为20μm。     

溶胶凝胶自燃合成MgAl2O4超细粉体

以Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和Al(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,分别采用尿素和柠檬酸为燃料,NH4NO3为燃烧助剂,用溶胶凝胶自燃合成(Sol-gel Auto ignition Synthesis,SAS)法制备MgAl2O4超细粉体(平均粒径20 nm～30 nm).2个体系在300℃～600℃之间发生燃烧反应,经煅烧后得到白色疏松的单相MgAl2O4粉体.利用BET、XRD、TEM等各种分析技术对尿素和硝酸盐及柠檬酸和硝酸盐形成的2种溶胶凝胶体系燃烧合成的粉体进行了研究,并与固相反应获得的粉体进行了比较.考察了点火温度、保温时间等对最终产物的影响.     

两步无机盐-凝胶法制备PMN-PT弛豫铁电陶瓷粉体

0．65Pb（Mg1／3Nb2／3）O3—0．35PbTiO3（简称：PMN-PT）弛豫铁电粉体采用两步无机盐-凝胶法制备。以氧化镁，醋酸铅，钛酸丁脂为原料，柠檬酸为螫合剂，乙二醇为溶剂，分别合成稳定的Mg，Pb-Ti的有机化合物先驱体溶液。Nb2O5粉体与Mg先驱体溶液均匀混合，并采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备MgNb2O6（MN）先驱体粉体；MN粉体与Pb-Ti先驱体溶液均匀混合，并制备PMN-PT粉体。通过XRD和SEM分析PMN-PT钙钛矿相形成的影响因素和微观形貌，研究全钙钛矿相PMN-PT铁电粉体的制备。结果表明：过量3％MgO前驱体经1050℃，4h煅烧可以得到纯相MgNb2O6先驱体粉体：过量5％PbO前驱体经900℃，4h煅烧可以得到全钙钛矿相PMN-PT粉体。     

纳米α-Al2O3超细磨料绿色制备工艺的研究

本文研究了以Al(NO3)3·9H2O和NH3·H2O溶液为原料,以聚乙二醇为分散剂,并通过在溶胶-凝胶过程中加入高纯氧化铝晶种和引入AlF3添加剂制备工艺在较低温度下合成了纳米α型氧化铝。通过X射线衍射分析和差热分析,研究了由凝胶至α-Al2O3粉末的转变温度、物相和晶粒度。结果表明:该工艺可显著降低过渡型氧化铝向α型氧化铝的相转变温度,所制氢氧化铝凝胶经950℃锻烧可获得平均粒径为45nm的α型纳米氧化铝。由于该工艺显著降低了相转变温度,可节约大量能源,是一种环境友好的绿色合成工业。     

溶胶-凝胶制备CaO-MgO-SiO2纳米粉体的原位控制

以硝酸钙、硝酸镁、正硅酸乙酯为先驱体,利用溶胶-凝胶法合成CaO-MgO-SiO2纳米陶瓷粉体,研究了溶胶系统pH值、去离子水添加量、先驱体浓度、溶胶静置温度以及分散剂等因素对煅烧后粉体形貌的影响.结果表明:当pH值处于2.5～4.5、C[H2O]/C[Si]为2:1～4:1、先驱体浓度为0.8 mol/L、水浴温度为60℃、添加适量分散剂时,凝胶在煅烧后能获得具有良好分散性的纳米粉体.通过严格控制上述溶胶-凝胶过程中的原位工艺条件,制得了粒子直径为50～100 nm、分散性非常好的CaO-MgO-SiO2纳米陶瓷粉体.     

晶种加入对水热合成α-Al2O3粉体性能影响

在醇盐水解水热合成α-Al2O3粉体过程中,加入微量的α-Al2O3晶种,经1100℃煅烧获得了α-Al2O3粉体。晶种的加入,增加了形核密度,降低形核势垒和形核功,从而降低了α相转变温度,同时晶种加入也减轻了粉体颗粒间的团聚。     

溶胶-凝胶/前驱体裂解法合成ZrB_2超细粉(英文)

以硝酸氧锆(ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O )、硼酸(H3BO3)和酚酚醛树脂为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶/先驱体裂法解合成 ZrB2超细粉。将硝酸氧锆和硼酸先溶于水中,加入乙醇,用稀氨水调节溶液的 pH 值形成溶胶,再将溶解在乙醇中的酚醛树脂加入到氧化锆溶胶中,溶胶陈化后形成凝胶,经干燥、过筛获得前驱体粉末。将前驱体粉末在 1300-1500 °C、流动氩气中热处理 1 h,得到 ZrB2粉末。利用 XRD 和 SEM 对粉体的相组成和微观形貌进行表征,研究了原料配比、合成温度对合成粉体的影响。结果表明,在硼锆比为3,碳锆比为 5,醇水比为 3,合成温度为 1500 °C的工艺参数下合成出较好的 ZrB2 超细粉。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.