基于原子力显微镜的四电极微探针局域电导率测量技术

开发了基于原子力显微镜(Atomic force microscope,ArM)的四电极微探针局域电导率测量技术.四电极AFM探针最小的电极间距为300 nm,安装了这种新型四电极微探针的AFM系统既保持表面微观形貌测量能力,又可以在实施表面形貌扫描的同时测定局域电导率.利用该技术精确测量了厚度为6.0μm的铝薄膜和厚度为350nm的透明导电氧化铟薄膜(Indiumtin oxide,ITO)的局域电导率,试验结果证明基于AFM的四电极微探针技术在亚微米局域电导率测量方面的能力.     

一种高精度多功能双用原子力显微镜技术及应用

主要研究了一种基于高精度IPC-205B型扫描隧道显微镜(STM)的新型高精度多功能双用原子力显微镜(AFM)技术及其应用.阐述该原子力显微镜的工作原理、组成及应用,详细介绍了该AFM镜体的独特结构和新型微悬臂的制作及其检测方法.该AFM采用简单适用的新型微悬臂.并利用STM检测微悬臂的起伏,通过四维机械驱动和双压电陶瓷扫描,有效提高了扫描精度,扩大了扫描范围.该机型集AFM和STM功能为一体,其中STM可以单独使用.该机型检测精度可达:横向0.1 nm,纵向0.01 nm.并用该样机进行了样品表面形貌和隧道谱的实验研究.     

人脐静脉内皮细胞形貌与表面粘附力的原子力显微镜表征

目的:探讨原子力显微镜(AFM)在研究人脐静脉内皮细胞(ECV304)表面形貌、超微结构及纳米机械性质等方面的应用,讨论ECV304超微结构和机械性质与其功能的关系。方法:利用AFM对ECV304细胞的表面形貌及生物机械性质进行表征与测量。结果:在AFM下观察到用普通光学显微镜难以观察到的ECV304细胞的独特的形态结构,如细胞骨架、伪足及细胞边缘微丝等。ECV304细胞呈现长梭形、多角形、圆形等多种形态,细胞表面平均粗糙度为320.52±75.98 nm,表面均匀分布微绒毛,细胞周围有铺展的圆盘状物质。力曲线定量分析得出针尖与细胞表面的非特异性粘附力为75±14 pN。结论:通过AFM成像和力曲线测量表明,ECV304细胞呈圆形,多角形,梭形等多种形态,针尖与细胞膜表面问的粘附力比较小,约75±14pN。     

原子力显微镜在生物医学中的应用

原子力显微镜 (AFM)是近十几年来表面成像技术中最重要的进展之一。它具有非常高的分辨率。本文将阐述原子力显微镜的工作原理 ,分析原子力显微镜在生物医学中的应用现状 ,包括生物医学样品的表面形貌观测 ,在液体中的观测 ,生物分子之间力谱曲线的观测 ,以及生物医学样品制备技术等。     

一种高精度原子力显微镜的设计及应用

简述了重庆大学研制的原子力显微镜(AFM)样机的工作原理和应用，重点介绍了其镜体的独特设计。该样机采用扫描隧道显微镜检测微悬臂的起伏，通过四维机械驱动和双压电陶瓷扫描，有效提高了扫描精度，扩大了扫描范围，简单适用的微悬臂使操作大大简化。给出了用该机检测到的具有代表性的4种样品的表面形貌图。     

LED蓝宝石衬底抛光表面原子台阶形貌及其周期性研究

LED蓝宝石衬底的表面质量会极大影响到后续外延质量,进而影响到LED器件性能。蓝宝石研磨片经Al2O3磨粒粗抛液、SiO2磨粒精抛液下进行化学机械抛光(CMP),最终表面经原子力显微镜(AFM)所测表面粗糙度达到0.101nm,获得亚纳米级粗糙度超光滑表面,并呈现出原子台阶形貌。同时,通过使用Zygo表面形貌仪、AFM观察蓝宝石从研磨片经Al2O3粗抛液、SiO2精抛液抛光后的表面变化,阐述蓝宝石表面原子台阶形貌的形成原因,提出蓝宝石原子级超光滑表面形成的CMP去除机理。通过控制蓝宝石抛光中的工艺条件,获得a-a型、a-b型两种不同周期规律性的台阶形貌表面,并探讨不同周期规律性台阶形貌的形成机理。     

单晶硅的激光抛光表面形貌演化

激光抛光是一种非接触式等材超精密抛光方法,在单晶硅的激光抛光实验中观测到的“山”字形表面形貌演化规律无法用传统的表面张力和马兰戈尼效应主导的熔池流动理论解释,研究发现塑性变形在单晶硅表面形貌演化中扮演关键角色。通过对残余应力的测量以及截面TEM的观测,发现塑性变形出现在材料熔化之前。综合考虑熔化前的塑性变形及熔化后的表面张力和马兰戈尼效应,对单点激光抛光后中心凸起及边缘堆积的“山”字形表面形貌的演化进行了探究。以此为前提,对不同激光光斑扫描间距下受塑性变形影响的表面形貌的演变进行了分析。当扫描间距小于2.5μm时,塑性变形产生的中心凸起可以被后续激光脉冲所抛光,单晶硅表面粗糙度从4.04 nm降低至0.34 nm。经过研究,总结出激光抛光中塑性变形与毛细流动共同作用下的表面形貌演化规律与机理,为激光抛光的参数选择提供理论指导。     

纳米SiO2粒子抛光液的制备及其抛光性能

随着计算机磁头与磁盘间间隙的不断减小，硬盘表面要求超光滑，制备了一种纳米SiO2抛光液，并研究了镍磷敷镀的硬盘基片在其中的抛光性能，Chapman MP2000^ 表面形貌仪测得抛光后表面的平均粗糙度（Rα)和波纹度（Wα)分别为0.052nm及0.063nm，为迄今报道的硬盘抛光的的最低值。原子力显微镜（AFM）发现获得的基片表面非常光滑平整，表面无划痕，凹坑，点蚀等表面缺陷。     

钛合金表面红细胞吸附特性AFM研究

采用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察吸附在钛合金基底上的红细胞表面形貌,研究红细胞、钛合金与探针之间的微摩擦力,对比分析红细胞表面和钛合金表面同探针之间的微摩擦力-距离关系曲线,及红细胞破损前后的探针与红细胞的微摩擦力-距离关系曲线。结果表明:在外力作用下,红细胞不仅细胞表面形貌受影响,而且其黏性增大,摩擦力增大,影响润滑效果;因红细胞表面柔润粗糙,且探针在活细胞表面所测得的微摩擦力为多种微观力的合力,从而使红细胞表面的摩擦力较大。     

光学表面X射线异常散射现象

研究了用掠入射散射法测量光学表面散射分布实验中存在的异常散射现象。首先,介绍了实验装置,并用原子力显微镜(AFM)测量了样品的表面粗糙度, 给出了工作波长为0.154 nm时不同样品在不同掠入射角下的表面散射分布。然后,分析了异常散射角与临界角的关系。最后,对影响散射强度的因素进行了分析。实验结果表明：当掠入射角大于临界角时能观测到光学表面的异常散射现象。在波长一定的情况下,异常散射角与样品材料有关,与掠入射角和表面粗糙度无关;异常散射角略小于临界角,误差变化为-8.6%~-0.9%。另外,镜像反射强度随着入射角和表面粗糙度的增大而迅速减弱,但异常散射强度与镜像反射强度的比值（峰值比）反而随着掠入射角或表面粗糙度的增大而增大,其比值在0.012~2.667变化。结果证明样品的材料和表面形貌是影响异常散射分布的两个重要因素。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.