Expression for evaluating performance of BPSK with MRC in Nakagami fading

A strikingly simple and fast to compute expression is derived for the performance of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity in a Nakagami (1960) fading channel. The expression is valid for all Nakagami-m parameters. Furthermore, no concession is made as far as the accuracy of the results is concerned.     

Approximate SER of H-S/MRC in Nakagami fading with arbitrary branch power correlation

An accurate approximation to the average symbol-error rate of hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining (H-S/MRC) in correlated Nakagami-m fading with positive integer values of m is obtained by using a Green's matrix approximation. This approach is valid for different M-ary linear modulation schemes. We illustrate our methodology using M-ary phase-shift keying as an example.     

Comments on "MRC performance for M-ary modulation in arbitrarily correlated Nakagami fading channels"

Using the results in the article by Win et al. (see ibid., vol.4, no.10, p.301-3, Oct. 2000) regarding the maximal ratio combiner for correlated Nakagami-m fading channels, we provide a simple analytic proof, applicable to a general class of modulation schemes, that uncorrelated branches result in a lower symbol error probability than do correlated branches.     

Performance analysis of compact antenna arrays with MRC incorrelated Nakagami fading channels

This paper presents the average error probability performance of a compact space diversity receiver for the reception of binary coherent and noncoherent modulation signals through a correlated Nakagami (1960) fading channel. Analytical expressions of the average bit error rate (BER) are derived as a function of the covariance matrix of the multipath component signals at the antenna elements. Closed-form expressions for the spatial cross-correlation are obtained under a Gaussian angular power profile assumption, taking account of the mutual coupling between antenna elements. The effects of antenna array configuration (geometry and electromagnetic coupling) and the operating environment (fading, angular spread, mean angle-of-arrival) on the BER performance are illustrated     

Approximation of SNR statistics for MRC diversity systems inarbitrarily correlated Nakagami fading channels

An approximated probability density function is presented for the SNR in maximal ratio combining diversity systems with an arbitrary number of diversity branches in an arbitrarily correlated Nakagami fading environment. Comparisons between the exact and approximated distribution show good agreement over wide ranges of correlation coefficients     

Error probability for detection of M-DPSK signals in slownonselective Nakagami fading

The authors deal with the detection of M-DPSK signals in slow m-distributed Nakagami fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). A simple formula is derived for the error probability, which allows the evaluation of symbol error rate (SER) and, via numerical integration, an assessment to be made of the performance of digital mobile radio systems. This new derivation comprises some previous results relevant to Rayleigh fading and to binary DPSK in m-distributed fading     

MRC performance for M-ary modulation in arbitrarily correlatedNakagami fading channels

We derive the symbol error probability for coherent detection of several types of M-ary modulation schemes using maximal ratio combining. We consider Nakagami fading channels, where the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios of the diversity branches are not necessarily independent or identically distributed. The proposed problem is made analytically tractable by transforming the correlated physical diversity branches into independent virtual branches     

Effects of Nakagami fading on antijam performance requirements

The effect of fading on antijam (AJ) performance is considered when the envelopes of both the desired signal and the jamming signal fade with a Nakagami distribution. Two cases are analysed for conventional systems. In the first case, the fading is assumed to be slow compared with the duration of the message. In the second case, the fading is assumed to be slow compared with the symbol duration but fast compared with the message duration. For both cases numerical results are also included     

Diversity reception of nonorthogonal multipulse signals inmultiuser Nakagami fading channels

We consider the problem of multiantenna reception of nonorthogonal multipulse signals in a multiuser system operating over a flat-flat Nakagami fading channel, wherein each user sends an M-ary information symbol by transmitting one out of M available waveforms. The receiver first-stage is a decorrelative filter, which gets rid of the MAI, and whose output, is then properly processed in order to decode the information symbols from the user of interest. In particular, we derive both the optimum noncoherent and the GLRT detectors, and show that the latter receiver not only is simpler to implement, but also achieves a performance level very similar to that of the former receiver     

MQAM和MPSK在Nakagami衰落信道中的BER性能

基于AWGN信道中MQAM和MPSK的BER性能的近似准确分析结果，本文导出并分析了MQAM和MPSK在Nakagami-m衰落信道中采用或不采用MRC分集时的BER性能。分析结果表明，在AWGN信道、瑞利衰落信道甚至莱斯衰落信道下，现有采用或不采用MRC分集的系统性能分析结果均可以作为本文分析结果的特例。     

BER performance of DQPSK in Nakagami fading with selection diversity and maximal-ratio combining

A new expression for the average bit-error rate (BER) of differential quadrature phase-shift keying in slow frequency-nonselective Nakagami fading is derived for a space-diversity receiver having a cascade arrangement of L groups of M-branch selection combiners and an L-branch maximal-ratio combiner (MRC). This allows the use of a large number of antennas, for performance improvement, and a small number of M inputs to the combiners, for low complexity. The average BER performance of the cascade receiver is investigated for different fading severity conditions characterized by the Nakagami m factor, and compared with the conventional MRC receiver. As the fading gets less severe (m increases), performance improvement over the conventional MRC scheme is only noticeable for the larger range of average signal-to-noise ratio.     

Equal-gain performance of MDPSK in Nakagami fading and correlated Gaussian noise

The general formula for evaluating the bit-error probability of M-ary differential phase-shift keying with L diversity equal-gain combining over frequency nonselective m-distributed, uncorrelated Nakagami fading channels and correlated Gaussian noise is presented. The evaluation usually takes a one-dimensional integration and this integration can be reduced to a closed form for integer m by applying the residue theorem.     

Post-detection diversity Nakagami fading channels with correlatedbranches

We derive a closed-form expression for the performance of the post-detection product detector combiner (PDC) operating on L correlated branches in Nakagami (1960) fading. We consider the 2-DPSK signaling scheme and nonselective slow fading. The average bit error rate (BER) obtained with this scheme is compared to the ideal predetection MRC, showing limited loss. Moreover, the post-detection PDC is shown to outperform the selection diversity combiner (SDC) under the considered case of Nakagami fading     

The performance of binary transmission in slow Nakagami-fadingchannels with MRC diversity

This letter presents equations which describe an average weighted spectrum of errors and average block-error probabilities for noncoherent frequency-shift keying (NCFSK) used in D-branch maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity in independent very slow nonselective Nakagami-fading channels. The average is formed over the instantaneous receiver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) after combining. The analysis is limited to additive Gaussian noise     

Exact performance analysis of M-ary QAM with MRC diversity in Rician fading channels

The exact expression of symbol error rate (SER) is derived for coherent square M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) using Lth order maximal-ratio combining (MRC) diversity in Rician fading channels with an arbitrary fading parameter. The accuracy of the SER estimates evaluated by this expression is verified through comparison with the results evaluated by numerical integration.     

Cochannel interference computation for arbitrary Nakagami fading

A characteristic function method is used to calculate the probability that the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) drops below some predefined threshold (probability of outage). The mobile unit receives a desired signal which has undergone Nakagami (1960) fading and multiple, cochannel, and independent Nakagami interferers. The development is based on a technique due to Bealieu (1990). The advantages of the method are twofold. First, it places no integral restriction upon the Nakagami fading parameter. Second, it avoids the evaluation of higher order derivatives (residues)     

Asymptotical performance of M-ary and binary signals overmultipath/multichannel Rayleigh and Rician fading

This paper presents a general framework for computing the asymptotic error probability (i.e., at high average SNRs) of M-ary and binary signaling schemes over Rician and Rayleigh fading diversity channels. A general theorem (Theorem 1) relates the asymptotic error rate of multipath and multichannel receivers (over AWGN, ISI free channels) to the multidimensional integral of the conditional error probability. Two other theorems are presented for the particular cases where the conditional error probability is a function of the sum of received SNRs (Theorem 2) or received amplitudes (Theorem 3). Theorems 2 and 3 are related for linear coherent systems, and closed form expressions are obtained for equal gain combining systems. Detection structures for typical diversity schemes (coherent/noncoherent maximal ratio and equal gain combining, and quadratic noncoherent combining) are considered. We analyze the asymptotic error rates of some M-ary signaling schemes (MPSK/MPAM with Kth order diversity and orthogonal signals with K=1 and with coherent and noncoherent detection). Binary signaling is also considered in our study     

Simulation of Nakagami fading channels with arbitrary cross-correlation and fading parameters

Nakagami fading model is widely used in modeling wireless communication systems. In this paper, we present methods to generate Nakagami fading signals with arbitrary cross-correlation and fading parameters by taking the square root of correlated Gamma random variables (RVs) with the corresponding shape parameters. To generate correlated Gamma RVs with different noninteger values of m-parameters, two methods, namely the decomposition method and Sim's method, are proposed. The former is more flexible and efficient. The latter is mathematically exact but carries constraints on the permissible simulation parameters. Simulations show that both methods produce outputs that match well with the specifications.     

Error probability performance for W-CDMA systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas in correlated Nakagami fading channels

The bit error rate (BER) performance of a two-dimensional (2-D) RAKE receiver, in combination with transmit diversity on the downlink of a wide-band CDMA (W-CDMA) system, is presented. The analyses assume correlated fading between receive antenna array elements, and an arbitrary number of independent but nonidentical resolvable multipaths combined by the RAKE receiver in the general Nakagami-m (1960) fading channel framework. The impact of the array configuration (e.g., the number of transmit antennas and receive antennas, the antenna element separation) and the operating environment parameters (such as the fading severity, angular spread and path delay profile) on the overall space-path diversity gain can be directly evaluated. In addition, the exact pairwise error probability of a convolutional coded system is obtained, and the coding gain of a space-path diversity receiver is quantified.