A new stator resistance tuning method for stator-flux-orientedvector-controlled induction motor drive

Field-oriented-controlled induction motor drives have been widely used over the last several years. Conventional direct stator-flux-oriented control schemes have the disadvantage of poor performance in the low-speed operating area when the stator flux is calculated using the voltage model, due to the stator resistance uncertainties and variations. In this paper, a new closed-loop stator-flux estimation method for a stator-flux-oriented vector-controlled induction motor drive is presented in which the stator resistance value is updated during operation. This method is based on a simple algorithm capable of running in a low-cost microcontroller, which is derived from the dynamic model of the induction machine. The effects of stator resistance detuning, especially in the low-speed operating region, are investigated and simulation results are shown. The motor drive system as well as the control logic and the resistance estimator are simulated and characteristic simulation results are derived. In addition, the proposed control scheme is experimentally implemented and some characteristic experimental results are shown. The simulation as well as the experimental results reveal that the proposed method is able to obtain precise flux and torque control, even for very low operating frequencies     

Efficiency enhancement for indirect vector-controlled induction motor drive

In this paper, efficiency enhancement algorithms are developed and implemented on an indirect vector-controlled three-phase induction motor (IM) drive, and its performance under different operating conditions is analysed. The controllable electrical losses in the IM are minimised through the optimal control of direct axis (d-axis) stator current, and improvement in motor efficiency is achieved by weakening the rotor flux. The optimal d-axis stator current is also estimated using particle swarm optimisation (PSO) to validate the results obtained through analytical control method. The developed algorithms are tested under various operating conditions and the dynamic performance of the IM drive is analysed. The effectiveness of analytical and PSO-based efficiency optimisation control over conventional constant flux control, especially during light load at rated speed operation, is summarised. The effectiveness of the developed algorithm is validated experimentally through development of laboratory prototype set-up. The effect of parametric variation on efficiency, stator current, torque and speed of IM drive is studied through sensitivity analysis. The effect of variation in stator and rotor resistance due to change in operating temperature of the IM is also analysed and the robustness of the developed algorithm against parametric variations is demonstrated through simulation and experimental studies.     

Fuzzy logic based on-line efficiency optimization control of anindirect vector-controlled induction motor drive

Improvement of adjustable speed drive system efficiency is important not only from the viewpoints of energy saving and cooling system operation, but also from the broad perspective of environmental pollution. The paper describes a fuzzy logic based on-line efficiency optimization control of a drive that uses an indirect vector controlled induction motor speed control system in the inner loop. At steady-state light-load condition, a fuzzy controller adaptively decrements the excitation current on the basis of measured input power such that, for a given load torque and speed, the drive settles down to the minimum input power, i.e., operates at maximum efficiency. The low-frequency pulsating torque due to decrementation of rotor flux is compensated in a feedforward manner. If the load torque or speed command changes, the efficiency search algorithm is abandoned and the rated flux is established to get the best transient response. The drive system with the proposed efficiency optimization controller has been simulated with lossy models of the converter and machine, and its performance has been thoroughly investigated. An experimental drive system with the proposed controller implemented on a TMS320C25 digital signal processor, has been tested in the laboratory to validate the theoretical development     

Sampling-induced resonance in an encoderless vector-controlled induction motor drive

This paper illustrates an effect of sampling in an encoderless vector-controlled induction motor drive with a digital controller. The analysis focuses on the speed observer and the speed control loop which is executed at discrete instants. It is shown that the estimated speed can fluctuate between samples in the speed loop and cause a sustained resonance via feedback. The shaft inertia is not available to smooth the ripple of the estimated speed and the associated resonance could adversely affect the inverter and machine. An analytical model is proposed to evaluate the risk of such a condition in the design and on-site adjustment of control gains. The requirement for a smoothing filter in the speed loop is identified.     

A neuro-fuzzy-based on-line efficiency optimization control of astator flux-oriented direct vector-controlled induction motor drive

Fuzzy logic-based online efficiency optimization control has been described previously for an indirect vector-controlled induction motor drive. The purpose of this paper is to extend the same control to a stator flux-oriented electric vehicle induction motor drive and then implement the fuzzy controller by a dynamic back propagation neural network-based controller. The principal advantage of fuzzy control, i.e., fast convergence with adaptive step size of the control variable, is retained. The neural network adds the advantage of fast control implementation, either by a dedicated hardware chip or by digital signal processor (DSP)-based software     

A high-performance sensorless indirect stator flux orientation control of induction motor drive

A new method for the implementation of a sensorless indirect stator-flux-oriented control (ISFOC) of induction motor drives with stator resistance tuning is proposed in this paper. The proposed method for the estimation of speed and stator resistance is based only on measurement of stator currents. The error of the measured q-axis current from its reference value feeds the proportional plus integral (PI) controller, the output of which is the estimated slip frequency. It is subtracted from the synchronous angular frequency, which is obtained from the output integral plus proportional (IP) rotor speed controller, to have the estimated rotor speed. For current regulation, this paper proposes a conventional PI controller with feedforward compensation terms in the synchronous frame. Owing to its advantages, an IP controller is used for rotor speed regulation. Stator resistance updating is based on the measured and reference d-axis stator current of an induction motor on d-q frame synchronously rotating with the stator flux vector. Experimental results for a 3-kW induction motor are presented and analyzed by using a dSpace system with DS1102 controller board based on the digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320C31. Digital simulation and experimental results are presented to show the improvement in performance of the proposed method.     

Rotor-flux-oriented control of a single-phase induction motor drive

This paper investigates the vector control of a single-phase induction motor drive to implement low-cost systems for low-power applications. The static power converter side is implemented using a single-phase rectifier cascaded with a four-switch inverter. The vector control is based upon field orientation concepts that have been adapted for this type of machine. Simulation and experimental results are provided to illustrate the system operation     

Variable structure current control for induction motor drives byspace voltage vector PWM

In this paper, a variable structure current controller based on a space voltage vector PWM scheme is presented for induction motor drives. In this current controller design, only the current sensors are employed and we attempt to force the stator currents to be exactly equal to the reference currents rapidly. This proposed current controller, which is based on the space voltage vector PWM drive, exhibits several advantages in terms of reduced switching frequency, robustness to parameter variations, elimination of current/torque ripple, and improved performance in induction motor drive. It shows that the current control laws can be demonstrated in theory. Finally, simulation and experimentation results verify the proposed control scheme     

Microprocessor implementation of a state feedback control strategyfor a current source inverter-fed induction motor drive

The realization of a microprocessor-based controller which implements a complete state-feedback control strategy for a current source inverter-fed induction motor drive is reported. The controller design is based on the application of the pole assignment technique of multivariable system regulation theory to a d,q-axis state-space linearized model of the drive and includes a reduced-order observer to achieve fast regulation and stability. The observer is designed to reconstruct the inaccessible states such as d,q -axis rotor current from a knowledge of the system inputs and outputs. The hardware and software implementation of the controller around an 8085-based microprocessor kit is discussed, and typical test results are presented, along with digital simulation results, to show its performance     

A programmable cascaded low-pass filter-based flux synthesis for astator flux-oriented vector-controlled induction motor drive

The concept of a programmable cascaded low-pass filter method of flux vector synthesis has been introduced in the literature. In this paper, the idea is expanded, analyzed, improved, and then applied to a stator flux oriented 100-kW electric vehicle drive. It was verified that the flux estimation works well at zero speed finite torque start-up mode and low- and high-speed field weakening regions, thus completely eliminating the need of a speed sensor     

Vector-controlled induction motor drive with a self-commissioningscheme

Different vector-controlled structures are discussed, and their suitability for an economical and reliable industrial drive system is explored. From this, the design of a compact control hardware is derived, composed of an 80196 microcontroller and an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) for the generation of the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) signals. The drive system can be configured from a host computer or a hand-held servicing unit through a serial data link. Monitoring and diagnostic functions are included. A self-commissioning scheme permits the setting of the parameters for optimum dynamic performance of the induction motor. Various oscillograms demonstrate the behavior of the vector controller operating a 25-kVA PWM inverter     

A high accuracy current component detection method for fullydigital vector-controlled PWM VSI-fed AC drives

A high-accuracy, differential-type current component detection method is described, and test results are presented. The method is suitable for vector-controlled pulse-width-modulated (PWM) voltage-source-inverter-(VSI) fed adjustable-speed AC drives. Its features include elimination of high-frequency current harmonics appearing in PWM VSIs and correction of the detection error caused by the lag time of time-sharing processing. Since this method allows current loop calculations to be made at a slower rate with a conventional microprocessor, it realizes a fully digital speed regulator with a minor current component loop     

一种用于优化感应电机电流环的新方法

在感应电机转差频率矢量控制系统中,电流环的性能对整个系统响应的快速性和准确性有着重要影响,而电流环在两轴直流旋转(d-q)坐标系下存在交叉耦合,并且随着电源角频率的增大耦合成分增大,导致电流环特性变差。为此提出一种新的优化方法,即在传统PI电流控制器的基础上,设定合理的模糊规则并选取合适的PI参数kI,kP,对电流系统进行优化。在Matlab的Simulink模块下对电流系统建模仿真,仿真结果表明,设计的控制方法有效地降低了两轴之间的相互扰动,提高了电流控制系统的动态特性,且新方法简单易行,有较强的鲁棒性。     

Nonlinear control for linear induction motor servo drive

This paper describes a newly designed nonlinear control strategy to control a linear induction motor servo drive for periodic motion. Based on the concept of the nonlinear state feedback theory and optimal technique, a nonlinear control strategy, which is composed of an adaptive optimal control system and a sliding-mode flux observation system, is developed to improve the drawbacks in previous works concerned with complicated intelligent control. The control and estimation methodologies are derived in the sense of Lyapunov theorem so that the stability of the control system can be guaranteed. The sliding-mode flux observation system is implemented using a digital signal processor with a high sampling rate to make it possible to achieve good dynamics. Computer simulations and experimental results have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme under the occurrence of possible uncertainties and different reference trajectories. The merits of the proposed control system are indicated in comparison with a traditional optimal control system.     

Recurrent-neural-network-based implementation of a programmablecascaded low-pass filter used in stator flux synthesis ofvector-controlled induction motor drive

The concept of programmable cascaded low-pass filter for stator flux vector synthesis by ideal integration of stator voltages at any frequency was introduced by Bose and Patel. A new form of implementation of this filter is proposed that uses a combination of recurrent neural network trained by Kalman filter and a polynomial neural network. The proposed structure is simple, permits faster implementation by digital signal processor, and gives improved performance     

Current control for induction motor drives using random PWM

Current control in voltage-source inverters with random pulsewidth modulation (RPWM) is investigated. The random modulation is introduced to alleviate the undesirable acoustic, vibration, and EMI effects in inverter-fed AC drive systems. A novel RPWM digital technique with dithering of the switching frequency and compensation of the processing time is described. Design of the current control loop is discussed. Results of investigation of an experimental drive system are presented, proving the feasibility of the proposed solutions     

High-power CSI-fed induction motor drive with optimal power distribution based control

In this article, a current source inverter (CSI) fed induction motor drive with an optimal power distribution control is proposed for high-power applications. The CSI-fed drive is configured with a six-step CSI along with a pulsewidth modulated voltage source inverter (PWM–VSI) and capacitors. Due to the PWM–VSI and the capacitor, sinusoidal motor currents and voltages with high quality as well as natural commutation of the six-step CSI can be obtained. Since this CSI-fed drive can deliver required output power through both the six-step CSI and PWM–VSI, this article shows that the kVA ratings of both the inverters can be reduced by proper real power distribution. The optimal power distribution under load requirements, based on power flow modelling of the CSI-fed drive, is proposed to not only minimise the PWM–VSI rating but also reduce the six-step CSI rating. The dc-link current control of the six-step CSI is developed to realise the optimal power distribution. Furthermore, a vector controlled drive for high-power induction motors is proposed based on the optimal power distribution. Experimental results verify the high-power CSI-fed drive with the optimal power distribution control.     

Nonlinear sliding-mode torque control with adaptive backsteppingapproach for induction motor drive

In this paper, the nonlinear sliding-mode torque and flux control combined with the adaptive backstepping approach for an induction motor drive is proposed. Based on the state-coordinates transformed model representing the torque and flux magnitude dynamics, the nonlinear sliding-mode control is designed to track a linear reference model. Furthermore, the adaptive backstepping control approach is utilized to obtain the robustness for mismatched parameter uncertainties. With the proposed control of torque and flux amplitude, the controlled induction motor drive possesses the advantages of good transient performance and robustness to parametric uncertainties, and the transient dynamics of the induction motor drive can be regulated through the design of a linear reference model which has the desired dynamic behaviors for the drive system. Finally, some experimental results are demonstrated to validate the proposed controllers     

A novel vector control scheme for transistor PWM inverter-fedinduction motor drive

A novel vector control scheme for a transistor pulse-width-modulation (PWM)-inverter-fed induction motor drive is presented. The system is based on a current control loop that consists of two independent nonlinear controllers that regulate the DC (field-oriented) components of the stator current vector. Three-level hysteresis comparators are used as current controllers. The outputs of the comparators select the appropriate inverter output voltage vectors via a switching erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) table. The theoretical principle of this method is discussed. Simulation and experimental results that illustrate the operation of the proposed system and performance in comparison with the other known schemes based on two-level hysteresis comparators are presented     

A start-up method for a speed sensorless stator-flux-orientedvector-controlled induction motor drive

This paper describes a zero-speed start-up method of a speed sensorless stator-flux-oriented direct vector-controlled induction motor drive with the help of a machine current model that does not use any speed signal. The machine starts smoothly with vector control at finite developed torque and then transitions to the standard direct vector-control mode with the voltage model signals as the speed begins to develop. The direct vector-control mode with voltage model uses programmable cascaded low-pass filters for flux-vector synthesis and enables the drive to operate from zero speed to field-weakening mode. As the drive speed falls to zero, the drive again transitions to start-up mode, so that it can be smoothly started again. The performance of the start-up scheme has been verified on a 100 kW electric vehicle drive