功能型高性能减水剂对水泥砂浆流变性的影响

利用德国史莱宾格公司Viskomat XL流变仪通过测定屈服应力、塑性粘度等流变学参数,分别对具有不同官能团聚羧酸高性能减水剂的水泥浆体流变性能进行了试验研究。利用流变学中的Bingham模型进行回归分析对比,将流变学参数与流动度经时损失联系起来,验证不同官能团聚羧酸减水剂的功能性。试验结果表明,在所试验的几种聚羧酸减水剂中,掺加3#聚羧酸减水剂的水泥浆体塑性粘度最小,减水分散效果较好,缓释型剂能够在较低的掺量下就可以保持水泥浆体无流动度经时损失,具有很好的缓凝保塑效果。     

减水剂与复合胶凝材料相容性的试验研究

采用粉煤灰和矿粉双掺制备复合胶凝材料,并掺入不同掺量的萘系高效减水剂、聚羧酸高效减水剂,对净浆的流动度及经时流动损失、砂浆的流动度和强度进行试验研究。试验结果表明,在相同减水剂掺量下,掺入聚羧酸减水剂的净浆初始流动度较大、流动度经时损失较小,砂浆流动度较大、早期强度较高,聚羧酸减水剂与复合胶凝材料的相容性优于萘系减水剂。     

聚羧酸高效减水剂的掺量对3D打印砂浆性能的影响

以聚羧酸减水剂对3D打印砂浆性能的影响为目标,选定和保持流动度基本不变,调整减水剂掺量和用水量,研究减水剂掺量对3D打印砂浆性能的影响。结果表明,随着减水剂掺量的增大,用水量降低,流动度经时损失降低,堆叠性降低,打印性能先变好后变差,强度增加,且性能变化较大或发生转折时的掺量与最大减水率对应的掺量有关。3D打印砂浆的减水剂最佳掺量不同于普通混凝土,综合考虑宜选中低掺量。     

聚羧酸减水剂和含泥量对水泥浆体流变性能的影响

通过测试流动度和由Bingham流变模型拟合所得的流变参数,研究了未掺与掺聚羧酸减水剂(TX50)两种条件下含泥量对水泥浆体流变性能的影响因素及其规律.结果表明:含泥量对水泥浆体塑性黏度的影响程度明显大于其对流动度的影响;水灰比与未掺减水剂的水泥浆体的流动度、塑性黏度、屈服应力分别呈线性关系、幂函数关系、指数关系;减水...     

减水剂种类对低水胶比水泥浆体静动态流变性能的影响

基于浆体动态屈服应力、静态屈服应力以及小振幅振荡模式下储能模量，研究了两类减水剂对低水胶比水泥浆体静动态流变性能的影响机制。结果表明：对于初始流动度相近的低水胶比水泥浆体，羧酸基减水剂掺量远低于膦酸基减水剂；掺膦酸基减水剂浆体的动态流动性损失较小，且静态屈服应力和储能模量增幅均低于掺羧酸基减水剂浆体。此外，低水胶比水泥浆体的静动态流变性能并非同步发展，这主要由于其内在影响机制存在明显差异。     

不同种类减水剂对水泥流变性能的影响试验研究

本文研究了萘系、氨基、聚羧酸高效减水剂对水泥流变性能的影响,得出不同掺量下的流动度及保持情况。通过饱和点掺量流动度对比表明:在初始流动度基本相同情况下,150min的时间内,保持流动度能力最好的是聚羧酸,只有7.1%的经时损失;其次是氨基,效果最差的是萘系,经时损失37.0%。     

矿物掺合料和外加剂对超细水泥流变性能的影响

采用旋转黏度计和流动度仪分别研究了超细粉煤灰、硅灰、MgO膨胀剂、羟丙基甲基纤维素醚和黄原胶、聚羧酸系减水剂和萘系减水剂对超细水泥流变性能的影响规律.结果表明,W/C=0.6时超细水泥浆体的屈服应力和塑性黏度分别为1 1.32 Pa和1522x10-2Pa·s,掺加20％超细粉煤灰后屈服应力和塑性黏度分别增大为18.6...     

废石粉对3D打印水泥砂浆性能的影响研究

研究了石材加工产生的废石粉替代部分水泥对3D打印水泥砂浆性能的影响.结果表明:总体上,随着废石粉掺量的增加,砂浆的流动度降低,静态屈服应力提高,但凝结时间变化不明显;通过调整减水剂掺量可以改善废石粉对3D打印水泥砂浆流动性和可建造性的不利影响;废石粉的掺入对3D打印水泥砂浆的力学性能和层间界面黏结强度不利.     

不同因素对建筑渣土泥浆流变性能的影响

采用赫切尔-巴尔克模型拟合流变曲线,研究了含水率、外加剂（聚羧酸减水剂和季铵盐型表面活性剂）对建筑渣土泥浆在不同静置时间下流变性能的影响,并阐明了外加剂的作用机理.结果表明：随着含水率的增大,建筑渣土泥浆的流变性能参数均减小;随着2种外加剂掺量的增大,建筑渣土泥浆的初始表观黏度和塑性黏度先增大后减小;建筑渣土泥浆的屈服应力随着季铵盐型表面活性剂掺量的增加而一直增大,随着聚羧酸减水剂掺量的增大先增大后减小,相同掺量下聚羧酸减水剂的作用效果更好;外加剂分子间的排斥力与黏土对外加剂的吸附力两者之间的主导作用决定建筑渣土泥浆的流变性能.     

萘系与聚羧酸系减水剂对水泥基材料性能的影响

选用目前具有代表性的萘系减水剂(FDN)和聚羧酸系减水剂(3350C),对其掺加后的水泥净浆和水泥砂浆的流变性能、强度性能和干缩性能进行了对比研究.研究结果表明:掺有聚羧酸系减水剂水泥净浆的屈服应力和表观黏度比掺有萘系减水剂明显降低;在相同流动度的情况下,掺有聚羧酸系减水剂的砂浆各龄期强度比萘系减水剂有明显提高;掺有聚羧酸系减水剂砂浆干缩率比萘系减水剂明显下降.用扫描电镜对掺有减水剂后生成的水化产物进行了分析,讨论了上述差异的原因.     

Static liquefaction-triggering analysis considering soil dilatancy

The failure of a sloping ground due to static liquefaction occurs when the shear stress applied by a monotonic triggering load exceeds the undrained yield (peak) shear strength of the saturated liquefiable cohesionless soil. Current practices for determining the in-situ undrained yield strength for grounds subjected to static shear stress rely on either a suite of costly laboratory tests on undisturbed field samples or empirical correlations based on in-situ penetration tests, which fail to account for the effect of soil dilatancy in decreasing the degree of strain-softening and the brittleness of cohesionless soils with an increasing penetration resistance. In this study, the effect of soil dilatancy on the static liquefaction failure of cohesionless soils is characterized by an empirical relationship between the soil brittleness index and the undrained yield strength from a database of 813 laboratory shear tests collected from the past literature. The application of this relationship for estimating the static liquefaction-triggering strength of cohesionless soils under sloping ground conditions is validated by comparing several cases of liquefaction flow failures. Finally, a procedure is briefly demonstrated for evaluating the triggering of static liquefaction in a dyke to the north of Wachusett Dam and Duncan Dam which incorporates the dilatancy behavior of cohesionless soils in a semi-empirical procedure based on in-situ penetration tests.     

Improving building project performance: how buildability benchmarking can help

Although the buildability of building designs has not been commonly taken as an important parameter in design quality assessment, previous studies have linked buildability to time, cost, quality and safety performance in many ways. Based on this observation, the question arises of how buildability can be benchmarked and which aspects of project performance can be improved. After identifying available benchmarking tools, the relative correlations are investigated between different buildability attributes and construction performance in terms of time, cost, quality and safety. Based on a questionnaire survey, it was found that construction time performance has strong positive correlations with buildability in the design of external wall elements, simplicity of assembly and installation considerations, while other design attributes affect cost, quality and safety performance to varying degrees. With this understanding, it is postulated that best practice can be promoted among design teams for enhancing buildability, which would in turn raise project performance. Three experienced practitioners have been interviewed for verifying the practicality of buildability benchmarking. As an incentive to improve buildability, benchmarking would help construction stakeholders reap their desired benefits by focusing on the related design attributes in the pre‐construction stage, particularly for functionally oriented buildings.     

Mortar composition defined according to rheometer and flow table tests using factorial designed experiments

This paper reports the effects of distinct contents of silica fume (SF), superplasticizer (SP) and water/binder ratio (W/B) in mortars. Samples with SF (0–10 wt%), SP (1.0–1.2 wt%) and W/B ratio (0.30–0.35) were produced. Flow table test and rheometry were used as parameters to formulate mortars by means of a factorial design experiment. Setting time, water absorption, apparent porosity and compressive strength of mortars at 28 days were also determined. Mortar formulations with lower fluidity are restricting when a rheometer was used. For higher torques, adjustments with the regressive equation of the Bingham model are less accurate, since the flow behavior is less constant. On the other hand, mortars with higher fluidity it is limited by spread test. The spread value on flow table test is more related to yield stress than to plastic viscosity. The design experiments identified the main factors (SF, SP and W/B) and their interactions for all properties on the fresh and hardened state, showing that experimental design with multiple regression equations is an appropriate tool to be applied in this case. Water content was the controlling parameter for practically all properties studied.     

珊瑚砂水下不分散混凝土性能试验研究

研究了水泥用量、絮凝剂掺量、砂率对海水拌和珊瑚砂水下不分散混凝土性能的影响.结果表明:珊瑚砂水下不分散混凝土单位用水量为235～283 kg/m3时,砂率对单位用水量的影响最为显著,用水量随砂率增加而增大;水泥用量为400～490 kg/m3时,28 d抗压强度在26～39 MPa之间,可配制C20～C30水下不分散混...     

考虑塌孔的随钻跟管桩承载性能物理模拟试验研究

随钻跟管桩(DPC桩)是一种新型的非挤土管桩基础,在钻进-成孔-沉桩的过程中桩侧塌孔会影响桩侧注浆液的流动路径和注浆效果,最终影响桩侧摩阻力的发挥.开展了DPC桩桩侧塌孔条件下的注浆及静载物理模型试验,分析了塌孔对DPC桩承载性能、荷载传递特性、桩侧摩阻力分布规律的影响,定量表征了注浆体的三维几何尺寸和空间点位信息,揭...     

基于NB-IoT 的消火栓状态实时监测方法研究

为了实现对消火栓状态的实时监测,掌握其水压、流量、温度的数据信息,研制了消火栓监测仪,对数据传输信号强度与消火栓状态实时监测方法进行分析与研究。分析基于NBIoT网络传输的消火栓监测仪在多种空间情形下的信号强度。对市政消火栓进行实时监测,从动压与静压两方面分析其水压变化趋势。分析阀门状态、探测周期对流量监测的影响。结合当地气温验证供水管网内水源温度监测的准确性。实验结果表明：消火栓监测仪数据传输可靠,压力在0～400 kPa 范围内监测准确、流量在0.2～25 L/s 范围内测量灵敏、温度监测数据与当地气温相符,满足消火栓状态实时监测需求。     

饱水砂岩动态强度的SHPB试验研究

采用改进的φ75mm杆径SHPB试验装置,对长径比为0.5的开阳磷矿砂岩进行自然风干和饱水状态下的冲击压缩试验,对比INSTRON材料试验机的静载试验结果表明:冲击载荷作用下饱水砂岩的应力–应变关系不同于其静态应力–应变关系,中应变率加载条件下饱水砂岩动态强度与风干砂岩的动态强度相近,这与静载条件下饱水砂岩强度降低的结果相反;风干砂岩动态屈服应力与其静态相近,饱水砂岩动态屈服应力比其静态下的结果提高近2倍,表现出比自然风干砂岩更强的应变率敏感性;水对砂岩动态破坏效果有影响,自然风干砂岩比饱水砂岩受冲击破坏更为严重;冲击载荷作用下,饱水砂岩动态强度应考虑其自由水黏度及Stefan效应的影响。     

石粉对3D打印白水泥基材料流变性能与力学性能的影响

3D打印水泥基材料的结构不稳定性和难于调控的流变性能制约其在建筑材料领域的发展.本文通过使用0～3％石粉取代胶凝材料调控3D打印白水泥基材料的流变性能来改善其3D结构和力学性能.研究发现:石粉的掺入会提高3D打印白水泥基材料的静态和动态屈服应力,同时使得其线性粘弹区范围增大,并显著提高浆体的弹性模量,3D打印白水泥基材...     

矿物掺合料与化学外加剂对3D打印砂浆性能的影响

研究了矿物掺合料与化学外加剂对3D打印砂浆流变性能、凝结时间及打印性能的影响.结果表明:复掺矿粉与硅灰可显著改善打印砂浆的流变性能,延长打印砂浆的可操作时间,提高打印砂浆的打印性能;随着减水剂掺量的增加,打印砂浆的黏度、屈服应力及触变性均逐渐降低,凝结时间延长,减水剂掺量过低或过高均会对打印砂浆的打印性能产生不利影响;...     

Seismic performance evaluation of moment resisting frames using high performance steel

A new high quality steel material (SN) was developed by reducing the distribution at yield point. This steel material has an advantage of having accurate yield strength compared to regular steel materials (SS and SM). Therefore, by using SN steel, the collapse mechanism can be controlled as intended for design. SS, SM, and SN steel materials were tested, and variations of yield strengths were investigated. The effect of having dispersed yield strength was investigated by conducting experiments on 8 test specimens. Column to beam yield strength ratio was changed from intended column to beam yield strength ratio because of the difference between the specified minimum yield stress and the actual yield strength of the steel materials, and it affected the collapse mechanism and the overall behavior of the specimen. It was verified through static cyclic test and static pushover analysis that the seismic performance of buildings designed using SS and SM steel could be decreased by as much as 20% compared to using SN steel. It is observed that the provision of upper bound limit on yield point in SN steel is effective in securing seismic performance of steel buildings.