锶磷灰石@壳聚糖-聚氧化乙烯@明胶复合支架制备及其生物性能探究

为了模拟自然骨的成分以及进一步提高材料的生物活性,制备羟基磷灰石@壳聚糖@明胶和锶磷灰石@壳聚糖@明胶复合支架,并对两种材料的生物性能进行表征。通过同轴电纺制备核壳结构的壳聚糖@明胶纤维;并采用化学沉积方法,在壳聚糖@明胶纤维表面沉积羟基磷灰石或锶磷灰石颗粒。结果显示:沉积锶磷灰石后,支架仍然能保持利于细胞生长的网状结构;细胞毒性实验和增殖实验结果表明,MG-63细胞在支架材料上的存活率均超过70%;与羟基磷灰石@壳聚糖@明胶复合支架相比,锶磷灰石@壳聚糖@明胶复合支架的细胞存活率更高,表明该材料确实促进细胞的生长和活性。因此锶磷灰石@壳聚糖@明胶复合支架有良好的骨组织工程应用前景。     

Sol-Gel法制备金云母/羟基磷灰石复合材料的研究

以熔融法制备可加工生物玻璃陶瓷的基础配方及分相机理为基础，采用溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了金云母和羟基磷灰石粉体，并由复合工艺制备了金云母／羟基磷灰复合材料。通过DTA、XRD、SEM等对粉体及材料进行了分析，结果表明：采用溶胶-凝胶法可制备出以钠金云母为主晶相的粉体，将该粉体与溶胶-凝胶法制备的羟基磷灰石粉体进行混合可制备出可加工性生物活性材料。     

BCP/COL/HCA骨组织工程支架的仿生制备

通过仿生合成、冷冻干燥及交联处理方法,制备出一种以双相磷酸钙、胶原和碳酸羟基磷灰石三组分为主要成分的新型三维骨组织工程支架。采用SEM、EDX和FTIR等测试技术对支架的性能特征进行分析。结果表明：制备的复合支架具有三维多孔的有序结构。双相磷酸钙作为力学支撑骨架有助于胶原网络基质形成特定的形状并使之具有一定的力学强度。在矿化过程中,羟基磷灰石矿物晶体在胶原的反应成核位点通过化学键合作用进行自组装。交联的胶原及其仿生矿化形成的碳酸羟基磷灰石可使支架具有良好的生物学性能,有望成为广阔临床应用前景的骨组织工程植入材料。     

含镁羟基磷灰石、磷酸三钙复合生物陶瓷涂层的研究

通过溶胶凝胶法在钛合金基体上合成了含镁羟基磷灰石/β-磷酸三钙陶瓷复合涂层．研究表明,羟基磷灰石相与β-磷酸三钙相共同存在于600℃烧结的复合涂层中．X射线光电子能谱分析显示,镁离子已合成到涂层之中．在模拟体液中,在复合涂层表面沉积出了较为明显的新生类骨层．使用MG63细胞进行培养试验,结果显示涂层具有良好的细胞亲和性．试验结果表明：含镁羟基磷灰石／β-磷酸三钙复合涂层具有良好的生物活性,有望在医疗实践中作为人工骨质材料得到广泛应用．     

编织碳纤维表面胶原/HA涂层的研究

采用两种不同的方法在编织碳纤维表面制备了胶原与羟基磷灰石(HA)复合涂层.研究了不同制备方法对涂层的影响,并对复合涂层的物相,元素组成,官能团以及生物活性进行了表征与测试.研究结果表明,利用电沉积法复合浸渍提拉法可以在编织碳纤维表面制备均匀致密的胶原/HA复合涂层.模拟体液浸泡实验表明,编织碳纤维表面所制备的胶原/HA复合涂层,具有优异的生物活性.本研究为以编织碳纤维为支架的人工气管生物材料的研究奠定了理论基础.     

有机泡沫浸渍法制备多孔羟基磷灰石生物支架的研究

以聚氨酯海绵为模板,采用浸渍法合成了孔隙率可控的羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite, HAP)生物支架。首先自制了羟基磷灰石粉体, 并借助X射线衍射对其进行了物相组成的分析;其次,利用聚氨酯海绵自身均匀的孔隙结构,采用浸渍法制备了多孔羟基磷灰石支架。支架孔隙率的高低与浸渍次数有关, 可达45％～90％。支架的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析显示,多孔支架孔形状近似为圆形,尺寸400μm左右。随浸渍次数的增加,支架的抗压强度会相应增高,浸渍5次可达3。51MPa,满足临床要求。最后还对支架的生物亲和性进行了研究,结果表明制备的羟基磷灰石支架在人体环境中具有一定的生物亲和性。     

pH值对共沉淀法合成羟基磷灰石／壳聚糖复合粉体材料晶体形貌的影响

采用沸腾水浴共沉淀法,以尿素为pH调节剂制备了羟基磷灰石／壳聚糖（HA／CS）复合粉体材料,通过XRD、FTIR和SEM对晶体的组成、形貌进行了表征,考察了pH值对HA／CS晶体形貌的影响．结果表明,沸腾水浴共沉淀法可在较短时间内制备HA／CS复合粉体,改变pH值可使晶体形貌由针（杆）状与球状同时存在转变为几乎全部是球状晶体．     

模拟体液中纳米羟基磷灰石／壳聚糖的制备及表征

从仿生合成的思路出发．分别以模拟体液和含有壳聚糖的模拟体液为反应介质，通过磷酸和硝酸钙反应合成了羟基磷灰石（HAp）和HAp／壳聚糖复合粉体，利用TG-DTA、XRD、FT-IR和TEM等对HAp和HAp／壳聚糖的形成过程、结构及其微观形貌进行了研究．结果表明，在模拟体液中合成的HAp粉体呈现出球状和短棒状形态；HAp／壳聚糖复合粉体呈现出不规则形状．粒度〈100nm．主要晶相为羟基磷灰石．体外生物活性实验结果表明，HAp／壳聚糖复合材料比纯HAp具有更好的生物活性．具有较强的诱导磷灰石沉积能力．     

镁合金表面HA/CNTs涂层的制备及电化学性能研究

为了提高生物镁合金羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层的耐蚀性能,在微弧氧化电解液中加入羟基磷灰石/碳纳米管(HA/CNTs)复合粉体添加剂,制备HA/CNTs复合涂层。分别对制备的HA/CNTs复合粉体和HA/CNTs复合涂层进行表面形貌和物相组成分析,并对HA/CNTs复合涂层在模拟体液(SBF)中的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,HA/CNTs复合粉体在微弧氧化过程中能均匀地沉积在镁合金表面,结晶良好且无任何杂质;与HA涂层相比,HA/CNTs涂层具有较小的腐蚀电流密度值和较大的阻抗值。此外,在SBF中浸泡4d后,HA/CNTs复合涂层表面出现大量的亚微米级颗粒产物且没有任何腐蚀裂纹。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备羟基磷灰石粉体

采用溶胶-凝胶法以五氧化二磷和四水硝酸钙为反应物,按一定的钙磷比分别溶于乙醇后混合,再添加不同的分散剂,高温煅烧,制备了羟基磷灰石粉体,并考察了煅烧温度以及添加分散剂对制备羟基磷灰石粉体颗粒粒径及分布的影响。结果表明:添加分散剂后得到的羟基磷灰石粉末粒径较小,分布均匀,较少出现团聚现象,但对粉体的相组成没有影响;随着焙烧温度的升高,颗粒的粒径增大,发生了团聚;600℃为最佳焙烧温度。     

In vitro and in vivo characterization of homogeneous chitosan-based composite scaffolds

With a homogeneous distribution of hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals in polymer matrix, composite scaffolds chitosan/ HAP and chitosan/collagen/HAP were fabricated in the study. XRD, SEM and EDX were used to characterize their components and structure, in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal tests were used to evaluate their biocompatibility. HAP crystals with rod-like shape embeded in chitosan scaffold, while HAP fine-granules bond with collagen/chitosan scaffold compactly. A homogenous distribution of Ca and P elements both in chitosan/HAP scaffold and chitosan/collagen/HAP scaffold was defined by EDX pattern. The presence of collagen brought a more homogenous distribution of HAP due to its higher ability to induce HAP precipitation. The results of in vitro cell culture showed that the composite’s biocompatibility was enhanced by the homogenous distribution of HAP. In vivo animal studies showed that the in vivo biodegradation was effectively improved by the addition of HAP and collagen, and was less influenced by the homogeneous distribution of HAP when compared with a concentrated distribution one. The composite scaffolds with a homogeneous HAP distribution would be excellent alternative scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.     

In vitro characterization of PBLG-g-HA/ PLLA nanocomposite scaffolds

The purpose of the present study was to synthesize a new composites scaffold containing poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) modified hydroxyapatite/(poly(L-lactic acid))(PBLG-g-HA/PLLA) and to investigate their in vitro behaviour on bone mesenchymal stromal cells(BMSCs). The results demonstrated that BMSC proliferation was signifi cantly increased on PBLG-g-HA/PLLA scaffolds after 3 and 7 days post seeding when compared to PLLA and HA/PLLA scaffolds. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation also favoured the composite PBLG-g-HA/PLLA scaffolds when compared to controls by signifi cantly increasing Runx2, ALP or osteocalcin mRNA expression as assessed by real-time PCR. The results illustrate the potential of PBLG-g-HA/PLLA scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. And the in vivo testing further confi rms the PBLG-gHA/PLLA scaffolds' potentioal for healing critical bone defects.     

鳖甲的显微结构与成分分析

为了设计开发出高强轻量型仿生复合材料,对鳖甲的微结构和化学成分进行观察和分析,发现鳖甲是一种坚硬又富有韧性的多尺度层状超混杂复合材料。外密质层外层中4小层按不同方向定向排列的细小棒状羟基磷灰石晶体和4小层片层状羟基磷灰石晶体相互交替存在。中间松质层为封闭的孔隙结构,孔隙周围缠绕着胶原纤维。内密质层含平行肋骨长轴方向定向排列的丝状胶原纤维。测试了鳖甲的弯曲性能,发现其不合横凹缝时的弯曲性能较好。     

生物玻璃/胶原复合支架的制备及理化性能研究

以冷冻干燥和纳米合成技术制备生物玻璃和胶原复合支架材料,采用扫描电镜观察、红外光谱分析、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析、弯曲强度测试等分析手段,对复合支架的理化性能进行研究。研究结果表明：制备的支架具有多孔结构。在制备过程中,两相间产生了化学键合作用。由此论证了复合支架的孔隙结构可为细胞生长及细胞外基质的产生提供充分的空间。两相间的键合作用对于提高骨支架材料的热稳定性能、力学性能,减弱植入体内后在体液中的膨胀和浸析反应具有至关重要的作用。     

胶原调控矿化自组装机制研究

通过模拟体液的特征配制特殊生理溶液,并以此生理溶液和胶原基质为矿化系统,观察和分析胶原基质在体外的矿化;结果发现：胶原在体外仿生矿化生成的矿物相为具有规则叶片状结构、低结晶度的碳酸羟基磷灰石;表明了羟基磷灰石矿物晶体在胶原的反应成核位点通过化学键合作用进行自组装,这种自组装结构受胶原大分子与羟基磷灰石晶体之间的相互反应以及胶原分子的自组装能力诱导。     

微乳液法制备多孔中空羟基磷灰石微球的研究

以自制的纳米羟基磷灰石粉末为原料,在明胶/水/植物油微乳体系中制得羟基磷灰石/明胶微球,经高温烧结将明胶去除后,得到多孔羟基磷灰石微球.采用TEM、XRD、TG、SEM、压汞仪对产品进行了表征.结果表明:利用本方法制得的羟基磷灰石微球尺寸较均匀,约为(800±200)μm该微球呈现内部多孔结构,且孔隙率随微乳体系中明胶含量的增加而增加.当羟基磷灰石/明胶的质量比为4:6时,微球出现空心现象.这种多孔且中空的羟基磷灰石微球在骨修复/填充和药物携带缓释方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

Preparation and characterization of nano-hydroxy apatite/konjac glucomannan composite scaffolds

A novel nano-hydroxyapatite (HA)/konjac glucomannan composite scaffold with high porosity was developed by blending nano-HA particles with konjac glucomannan in alkaline solution. The scanning electron microscopy, porosity measurement, X-ray diffraction(XRD), and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the composite scaffolds. The pure konjac glucomannan scaffolds and composite scaffolds were similar in their macroscopic morphology, however, the microscopic morphology on porewall surfaces was quite different. The diffraction patterns of XRD revealed the presence of konjac glucomannan and HA in the composite scaffolds. In addition, the results of FTIR also showed the existence of the functional group of HA. These results reveal that the newly developed nano-HA/konjac glucomannan composite scaffold may serve as a good three-dimensional substrate in bone tissue engineering.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cement/gelatine composite scaffold with oriented pore structure for bone tissue engineering

The macroporous calcium phosphate(CPC) cement with oriented pore structure was prepared by freeze casting. SEM observation showed that the macropores in the porous calcium phosphate cement were interconnected aligned along the ice growth direction. The porosity of the as-prepared porous CPC was measured to be 87.6% by Archimede’s principle. XRD patterns of specimens showed that poorly crystallized hydroxyapatite was the main phase present in the hydrated porous calcium phosphate cement. To improve the mechanical properties of the CPC scaffold, the 15% gelatine solution was infiltrated into the pores under vacuum and then the samples were freeze dried to form the CPC/gelatine composite scaffolds. After reinforced with gelatine, the compressive strength of CPC/gelatine composite increased to 5.12 MPa, around fifty times greater than that of the unreinforced macroporous CPC scaffold, which was only 0.1 MPa. And the toughness of the scaffold has been greatly improved via the gelatine reinforcement with a much greater fracture strain. SEM examination of the specimens indicated good bonding between the cement and gelatine. Participating the external load by the deformable gelatine, patching the defects of the CPC pores wall, and crack deflection were supposed to be the reinforcement mechanisms. In conclusion, the calcium phosphate cement/gelatine composite with oriented pore structure prepared in this work might be a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering.