Ni-Co-P非晶态合金的电沉积及其性能研究

电沉积Ni-Co合金不能形成非晶态结构，引入P元素后，镀层结构可变为非晶态．Ni-Co-P合金镀层中P质量百分比含量低于5％时为晶态结构；在5％～19%范围内为非晶态结构；高于19％时为金属间化合物（晶态）的结构．非晶态Ni-Co-P合金硬度高，耐磨性好，且有优良的耐蚀性能．     

Ni-W纳米晶合金电沉积工艺条件的研究

纳米晶材料与常规晶体材料相比有许多优良的性能 ,已受到广泛关注。本文采用电沉积方法获得了Ni W纳米晶合金镀层。研究了镀液中钨酸钠含量、温度、pH值及电流密度对沉积速度的影响。测定了镀层的显微硬度 ,并用X -射线衍射仪对其微观结构进行了观察。结果表明 ,影响沉积速度最大的因素为pH值 ,其次是电流密度 ;镀层显微硬度最高可达 6 70 .3HV。通过正交试验得出适宜工艺条件范围为 :Na2 WO4·2H2 O 1 0～ 30g/L ,电流密度 1 0～1 5A/dm2 ,温度 6 0～ 70℃ ,pH值 6～ 7。     

电沉积Ni-W非晶态合金

研究电沉积Ni-W合金的非晶化条件,划分出结晶与非晶结构区。由X衍射实验判定,Ni-W合金镀层足以Ni为溶剂、W为济质的置换型固溶体,呈面心立方结构。通过计算晶格畸变度、晶粒直径及其随结构的变化,解释了非晶镀层的形成原因。测定了作品镀层在酸溶液中的腐蚀速率,用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对其在酸溶液中形成的钝化膜进行了测试,钝化膜的化学结构式为i(OH)_2·WO_3、·nH_2O。     

电沉积非晶态合金镀层磁性的控制

磁性元件薄膜化促进了磁性镀层的开发与应用。综述了镀液及镀层成分、电沉积工艺、镀层厚度及热处理对电沉积非晶态镀层性能的影响，以便在实际应用中控制非晶态合金镀层的磁性。     

Co-B纳米合金功能膜化学沉积和电沉积的比较

以硫酸钴、硼氢化钠为主要原料,对电沉积和化学沉积Co-B纳米合金功能膜进行比较,发现尽管电沉积较化学沉积的速度快,但各影响因素和变化规律是一致的。pH值增大和温度的升高会加快沉积速率,络合剂浓度增大则会降低沉积速率,增加硫酸钴、硼氢化钠的浓度都会加快沉积速率,但用化学法沉积时,当硫酸钴、硼氢化钠的浓度超过最大值时,沉积速率反而下降。XRD结果表明,两种方法制备的Co-B纳米合金在镀态下都是非晶态,其结构并不受沉积方法的影响,SEM、STM和AFM观察发现,非晶膜镀层是由纳米相微粒构成微米级的二次颗粒,二次颗粒堆砌形成薄膜。化学沉积得到的颗粒相对电沉积得到的要小一些,两种方法得到的最大颗粒都不超过3 μm。     

Fe－Mo非晶态合金电沉积工艺研究

研究了Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ非晶态合金电沉积的工艺条件、镀液中各成分的含量及添加剂对镀层成分和结构的影响。结果表明：控制适当的工艺条件，可获得２０μｍ以上厚度的非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ镀层；镀液中Ｍｏ￣（６＋）／（Ｍｏ￣（６＋）＋Ｆｅ￣（２＋））比值的提高、电流密度的增加、温度的升高及ｐＨ值的提高均使镀层中钼含量增加；其中对钼含量影响最大的是ｐＨ值；镀层的钼含量不随电镀时间的增加而变化；在镀液中加入适量的三乙醇胺、酒石酸钾钠后仍可得到非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ镀层，且镀层中钼含量增加；镀层的耐蚀性不及不锈钢可能是由于镀层有微裂纹所致。     

电沉积非晶态Fe-Cr-P合金的研究

研究了Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｐ非晶态合金的电沉积方法,讨论了主盐浓度和ｐＨ值等对镀层组成及结构的影响,用阳极极化曲线研究了非晶态镀层的耐蚀性     

非晶态镍磷合金电沉积机理的研究

通过镍磷合金电沉积阴极极化曲线,循环估安曲线,旋转圆盘电极极化曲线以及电位阶跃电流－时间曲线的测量和分析,并根据数学,物理,物理化学,流体力学和电化学动力学等原理,在假设的基础出镍磷合金电沉积的理论模型,镍磷合金电沉积为液相扩散和电化学放电混合控制,与实验结果相一致。     

Fe—Mo非晶态合金电沉积工艺研究

研究了Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ非晶态合金电沉积的工艺条件，镀液中各成分的含量及添加剂对镀层成分和结构的影响，结果表明：控制适当的工艺条件，可获得２０μｍ以上厚度的非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ镀层；镀液中Ｍｏ＾６＋／（Ｍｏ＾６＋＋Ｆｅ＾２＋）比值的提高，电流密度的增加、温度的升高及ｐＨ值的提高均使镀层中钼含量增加；其中对钼含量影响最大的是ｐＨ值，镀层的钼含量不随电镀时间的增加而变化，在镀液中加入适量的三乙醇胺、酒石酸钾钠后仍     

非晶态Ni—Mo合金的电沉积

从含有NiSO_4、(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_(24)、NaCl、Na_3C_6H_5O_7和NH_3·H_2O的镀液中电沉积具有金属光泽并略带银灰色的非晶态Ni-Mo合金.研究了镀液的组成、pH值及阴极电流密度等对阴极电流效率、合金组成以及合金结构的影响.合金最大钼含量为29.4at%.当镀层中钼含量大于约25at%时,为非晶态结构.此外,还研究了Ni-Mo合金的析氢催化特性.     

电沉积纳米材料性能及应用的最新研究进展

电沉积纳米材料的制备工艺已经被人们所熟悉,它简单的制备工艺和低廉的价格吸引了各个领域的研究人员。本文对电沉积纳米材料的性能进行了总结,并列举出了目前的应用实例。     

The effect of current density on properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel

Nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposits were fabricated at 18, 25 and 50 mA cm^–2 using a sulfamate-based electrolyte. The crystallite size of the deposits was evaluated by XRD technique and their mechanical properties were characterized by tensile testing. The results of this study confirmed that increasing the current density results in an increase in the grain size of nickel deposits. The strength of the deposits decreased consistently with increasing the crystallite size. However, the deposit fabricated at 50 mA cm^–2, in comparison to nickel with conventional grain size (>1 m), showed a relatively low strength and a surprisingly low tensile elongation. It is suggested that the enhanced evolution of hydrogen at high current densities is responsible for the formation of larger crystals and the unusual low tensile elongation.     

脉冲电沉积钴镍合金层微观结构的研究

研究了钴镍合金镀液中Co^2 浓度与镀层中钴含量的关系,并采用XRD,TEM分析了不同钴含量合金镀层的微观结构。结果表明,沉积层中的钴含量随电解液中Co^ 浓度的增大而显著增大,当镀层中的钴含量为69．8％－78．9％（质量分数）时,镀层为面心立方晶格的α－Co相和排六晶格的ε－Co相组成;钴含量低于69．8％时为α－Co相,钴含量大于78．9％时为ε－Co相,钴含量增大,晶粒尺寸明显减小,合金点阵参数增大。     

碳纤维表面电沉积合金(复合)镀层初步研究

采用电化学沉积的方法,在聚丙烯腈基碳纤维表面制备了Ni–Fe、Fe–P、Ni–B合金及Fe–Cr2O3复合镀层。结果表明:碳纤维表面的预处理对合金(复合)镀层与基底间的结合力有重要影响。扫描电子显微镜结果显示,未经活化处理的碳纤维表面镀层与基体的结合力差,表面有裂纹;表面活化处理后的镀层细致,均匀,结合力好。通过改变与合金元素相应的电解质浓度可改变镀层中合金元素的含量,获得具有不同合金含量的、与碳纤维结合紧密的合金或复合镀层。     

Properties of silver–antimony alloys electrodeposited from ferrocyanide–thiocyanate electrolytes

The influence of electrolysis conditions on the internal stress, microhardness, electrical contact resistance, wear resistance, roughness, and friction properties of silver–antimony alloys deposited from ferrocyanide–thiocyanate electrolytes is studied. The internal stress of the coatings depends strongly on their antimony content. Stress changes and transition from compressive to tensile stress at increased antimony content in the alloy are observed. By internal stress measurements, conclusions can be drawn concerning the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the coating, that is, whether the coating consists of one or two phases. The changes in microhardness are related to variations of the internal stress and to the phase transition. The codeposition of antimony leads to a reduction of the coating roughness. Increased Sb content of the alloy leads to an increase in the electrical contact resistance and to reduction of the contact forces and wear resistance of the coatings. At large deviations from equilibrium, an oscillating electrochemical reaction is observed leading to space-time structures on the electrode surface.     

On the state of W in electrodeposited Ni-W alloys

We have derived an expression for the theoretical dependence of the Ni-W fcc phase lattice parameter on the atomic fraction of W, in a solid solution. This parameter was used to compare the actual quantity of W, in a solid solution of electrodeposited Ni-W alloys, with the value determined by EDX. It has been shown that not all of the W determined by EDX was present as a solute in the Ni-W fcc phase. The incorporation of tungstates prevailed at lower pH, while the presence of citric complexes dominated at higher pH values. This conclusion was based on the XRD phase analysis of electrodeposited alloys that were annealed in hydrogen or argon atmospheres at 1000 °C. The XRD data correlated well with the morphology results obtained via AFM. The incorporation of tungstates or citric complexes seems to be characteristic of the electrodeposited Ni-W alloys.     

Ni—P非晶镀膜及其特性的研究

以１５篇参文献综述了近年来Ｎｉ－Ｐ非晶态合金研究的进展，包括制取方法，镀层组成和结构，抗蚀性能及其应用。     

电沉积三元铁基非晶磁性合金薄膜的研究进展

叙述了电沉积三元铁基非晶磁性合金薄膜的工艺条件,包括Fe-Ni-S、Fe-Ni-Cr、Fe-Ni-W、Fe-Co-Ni及Fe-P-B等五种典型合金薄膜。介绍了铁基非晶磁性合金薄膜的耐蚀性、耐磨性、热稳定性以及磁学等功能性能,指出了未来铁基非晶磁性合金薄膜的研究方向。     

Structure and properties of electrodeposited silver–bismuth alloys

The elemental and phase compositions, the deposition rate, the structure, and some physico-mechanical properties, such as hardness, wear resistance, roughness and internal stress of electrodeposited coatings of silver–bismuth alloy have been studied. The possibility of deposition of alloy coatings of desired composition depending on the electrolysis conditions and on the composition of the electrolyte used has been demonstrated. With increase in the Bi content in the coatings, hardness and wear resistance decrease, and at Bi contents higher than 50 wt.% the wear resistance remains unchanged. The roughness of the coatings is independent of their Bi content. The alloy coatings reveal a negative (compressive) internal stress. They consist of two phases and are heterogeneous both in the bulk and in the surface layer. A clearly expressed columnar structure is observed, the columns being of different phase composition. This structure is sometimes accompanied by a lamellar structure. The simultaneous deposition of phases with different Bi content leads to self-organization phenomena and formation of wave, spiral and target structures on the electrode surface.