柔索驱动三自由度球面并联机构运动学与静力学研究

柔索驱动并联机器人采用柔索代替连杆作为机器人的驱动元件,它结合了并联结构和 柔索驱动的优点．文章提出了一种新型带有约束机构的并联柔索驱动机器人，采用四根柔索 驱动．由于约束机构的引入，机器人可实现在空间的三维转动．介绍柔索驱动并联机器 人的机构构型，给出了位姿逆解，建立了静力平衡方程和运动学方程，讨论了柔索拉力的确 定方法．研究结果证明在加入了约束机构后，柔索机器人可以实现更多的运动形式，这就为 更广泛的应用柔索驱动成为可能．     

一种混合驱动柔索并联仿生眼的轨迹规划

在与眼球运动相关的解剖学和运动学的基础上,设计了一种符合Listing定理的基于混合驱动柔索并联机构的3自由度机器人仿生眼.通过矢量封闭方法建立了逆运动学模型,求解出柔索并联机器人的雅可比矩阵和结构矩阵.利用达朗贝尔定理建立柔索并联机器人的力矩平衡方程组,采用广义逆矩阵的相关理论,以柔索张力矢量的2范数最小为目标进行张力优化.用蒙特卡洛方法计算出仿生眼球可达工作空间.最后,在Simulink环境下进行仿真,规划运动轨迹并得到柔索并联机器人运动特性的仿真结果,证明了本文设计的机构符合Listing定理.结果表明:基于混合驱动柔索并联机构的机器人仿生眼结构合理,数学模型正确.     

机器人机构的精度优化设计

本文应用最优化技术,确定能满足机器人绝对精度要求的,并使制造成本最低的连杆参数的最优公差值.建立了机器人机构精度优化设计的数模,并针对一个带闭链的五自由度机器人,在不同精度指标,不同概率水平以及不同原始误差分布下,进行了连杆参数公差的优化计算。     

基于差动机构的五连杆式人机合作机器人的动力学分析

介绍了一种基于差动机构的新型CVT连续变速传动机构, 通过CVT之间的不同耦合方法,构成了并联式和串联式人机合作机器人.分析了基于差动机构的人机合作机器人的工作原理,建立了差动机构的动力学模型.以五连杆式人机合作机器人为研究对象,分别建立了串联式和并联式人机合作机器人的动力学模型.􀁱 􀁽     

微管道机器人的一种主体驱动机构的设计

从电磁力学出发,本文提出了一种基于电磁结构的微管道机器人主体驱动机构的设计方法.同时通过理论计算,给出了该机构的基本设计尺寸,为微管道机器人的结构设计、机械系统力的分配与确定提供了理论依据.     

微型柔性机构的多目标计算机辅助拓扑优化设计

提出了基于结构整体柔度最小化和结构输出位移最大化的多目标拓扑优化设计方法,建立了微型柔性机构的多目标拓扑优化设计模型.提出了适用于微型柔性机构多目标拓扑优化设计的伴随矩阵敏度分析方法,并将广义收敛移动渐进算法用于多目标多约束微型柔性机构拓扑优化问题的求解.最后通过数值计算验证了优化模型的有效性.     

机器人机构精度研究的进展

本文就近年来机器人机构误差分析和精度综合等方面的文献资料进行了综合评述.特别是对机器人位置精度分析的基准位置、机器人机构的静态误差分析、动态误差分析、机器人手部位置误差的合成及补偿、位置精度综合及位置精度测试等方面的进展情况讨论得尤为详细.通过本文可对国内外机器人机构精度的研究现状有一概貌的了解.     

主被动混合式微创手术机械臂机构设计及灵巧度优化

研制出一款可开展微创手术的双机械臂机器人系统,该系统配合手术微器械可以实现精确的腹腔内手术操作.通过分析微创手术的手术环境及手术操作特点,提出了采用机器人开展微创手术对机器人自身机构设计的基本要求,并在此基础上重点对机械臂机构进行设计和优化.该机械臂可以按照微创手术的实际需求,实现机器人的术前摆位、术中器械操作及器械的快速拆装更换,并且可以从机构上保证术中器械在患者腹壁切口处位置不变,避免术中因手术器械运动而对腹壁切口造成非手术性损伤.此外,借助于机器人雅可比矩阵的奇异值,构造了基于条件数和可操作度的综合灵巧度评价指标函数,并采用序列二次规划算法对机械臂杆件参数进行优化.优化结果表明,机械臂具有良好的各向同性及可操作度,很好地满足了微创手术对机械臂机构灵活性的要求.     

一种并联激光焊接机器人的机构设计与运动学分析

提出了一种3 分支5 自由度的并联激光焊接机器人,通过3 个分支共同作用,使整机具备了5 个自由 度的空间加工能力．针对激光焊接,通过分析该机器人的结构特性,建立了其正反解运动学模型,通过解析法求解 该模型并进行了计算仿真．最后,对机器人进行激光拼焊实验,仿真数据和实验结果表明,本文研究的并联机器人 机构适用于实际的高速、高精度激光焊接．     

星面探测仿生弹跳机器人设计、仿真及实验

基于袋鼠的跳跃运动机理和齿轮—五杆组合机构,设计了一种用于星面探测的小型间歇式弹跳机器 人．提出了仿袋鼠结构、运动形态及产生非线性弹跳动力的闭链机构的弹跳模型．采用D-H 法建立了机器人运动方 程,并对其跳跃运动步态、仿生运动特性和弹跳效率进行了分析,给出了该机器人设计的整体结构．运用ADAMS 软件对机器人进行动力学建模与全过程运动仿真,验证了该闭链仿生弹跳机构及其运动的有效性,较大幅度提高了 弹跳机构对能量的利用率,其效率可达70%,避免了弹跳机器人提前起跳．最后设计制作了弹跳机器人原理样机, 并进行跳跃试验．试验结果表明：样机试验与仿真结果基本是一致的;1.4 kg 的弹跳机器人跳远度为813 mm,跳高 度为471 mm,从而解决了利用微小电机驱动机器人实现弹跳运动的问题．     

Robot arm-wrist coordination. Part 2. Design guidelines

In the companion article (Part 1), we developed a mathematical framework that provides for the analysis and quantitative rating of arm-wrist coordination. The objective of this article is to exploit this framework and formulate manipulator design guidelines for effective arm-wrist coordination and task execution. We explore various arm and wrist designs and quantify their performance in terms of meeting the two design objectives of efficient arm-wrist coordination and robot flexibility. Numerical simulation experiments highlight the measurable effects of both the fixed manipulator geometry and changing robot configuration on arm-wrist coordination and demonstrate the impact of the design guidelines on robot performance.     

一种三自由度冗余驱动并联机器人控制研究

并联机器人具有无摩擦无间隙、响应快、结构紧凑、刚性好、误差积累小等特点,但其在几何特性方面也存在很多缺点,如运动范围小、灵活性差以及工作空间内存在奇异位形等,加入冗余度可以改善它的几何特性。由于冗余驱动并联机器人在工作空间、灵活性、避障能力及动力特性等方面具有优点,因而受到了越来越多的重视,本文提出一种三自由度的冗余驱动并联机器人控制研究方法,主要从冗余并联机器人的运动学模型、工作空间、MATLAB仿真及其控制程序开发等主要方面进行了深入细致的研究。     

An obstacle avoidance algorithm for robot manipulators based on decision-making force

Obstacle avoidance is a significant skill not only for mobile robots but also for robot manipulators working in unstructured environments. Various algorithms have been proposed to solve off-line planning and on-line adaption problems. However, it is still not able to ensure safety and flexibility in complex scenarios. In this paper, a novel obstacle avoidance algorithm is proposed to improve the robustness and flexibility. The method contains three components: A closed-loop control system is used to filter the preplanned trajectory and ensure the smoothness and stability of the robot motion; the dynamic repulsion field is adopted to fulfill the robot with primitive obstacle avoidance capability; to mimic human’s complex obstacle avoidance behavior and instant decision-making mechanism, a parametrized decision-making force is introduced to optimize all the feasible motions. The algorithms were implemented in planar and spatial robot manipulators. The comparative results show the robot can not only track the task trajectory smoothly but also avoid obstacles in different configurations.     

一种协作型机器人运动性能分析与仿真

随着制造模式的变革,协作型机器人在工业领域的应用日益广泛。本文介绍了协作型机器人的特性,并且以KUKA LBR iiwa机器人为例,进行运动性能分析,旨在为研发此类机器人提供设计理论依据。利用Denavit-Hartenberg法建立了该机器人运动学模型。基于蒙特卡洛法在MATLAB环境下对机器人灵活性和可操作性进行分析,并对其在狭小空间内作业进行轨迹规划,仿真结果表明LBR iiwa机器人具有良好的灵活性、可操作性及避障能力。     

Mechanism Design and Mechanical Analysis of Multi-Suction Sliding Cleaning Robot Used in Glass Curtain Wall

In order to meet the needs of high-altitude glass curtain wall cleaning, a multi-suction sliding cleaning robot was designed. The sliding robot sucker, cleaning system, obstacle avoidance and rotation ability, walking circuit and mobile working principle of the cleaning robot were designed. This involved the analysis of the robot’s anti-rollover mechanics during adsorption, of robotic winds when working at height, and of anti-sliding mechanics during robot movement, in order to explore feasible ways to improve the robot’s adsorption performance. The relationship between the effective diameter D of the suction cup, the vacuum degree △ P, and the gravity G should be determined by the anti-slipping analysis. In order to ensure the safe and reliable adsorption force and the flexibility of this robot when moving on a wall, the aforementioned analyses were conducted to improve the motion performance of wall-climbing robots, which provides a good theoretical basis for design optimization and motion control of cleaning robots. The curtain wall cleaning robot has stable walking ability and can clean the wall surface effectively; therefore, it has a certain practical value.     

A dynamic safety system based on sensor fusion

Machines in industry, including industrial robots, have in many cases dramatically reduced the man-made work and improved the work environment. New machines introduce, however, new risk factors. Traditionally machines are safeguarded by means that more or less rigidly separates the machines from the personnel. This works well in many traditional areas, i.e., where industrial robots are involved. There is however a risk that the safety system limits the valuable flexibility of the robot, which can be considered as a quality that tends to become even more valuable in the progress of programming possibilities and sensor technology. This article shows an example how a safety system can be designed to achieve increased flexibility in co-operation between human and production safety strategy. The proposed safety system is totally based on sensor information that monitors the working area, calculate the safety level and improve the system dynamically, e.g., reduce the robot capability in conjunction to the system safety level. The safety system gain information from the sensors and calculates a risk level which controls the robot speed, i.e., the speed is reduced to achieve a sufficiently low risk level. The sensor data is combined with fuzzy-based sensor fusion and fuzzy rules. The safety system is based on sensor information, hence it automatically adjusts to changes in the guarded area as long as the functionality of the sensors is maintained. Finally, we present a system implementation in an industrial robot application.     

A control for spatial motions of a robot in a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system

Two mathematical models of a robot with elastic or rigid links working in a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system are proposed. The problems of dynamic and kinematic controls for such a robot are posed within the framework of the specified models. The difficulties of mathematical simulation of real robots of such a type with sliding joints are discussed in connection with the presence of elastic flexibility in the actuators. The technique for estimating the accuracy of positioning of the load carried by the robot based on joint use of the specified mathematical models is presented. As an example, solution of the problems of kinematic control of flexible and rigid robots with equivalent geometric and physical parameters functioning in a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system is considered.     

Cyclic scheduling of a robotic flexible cell with load lock and swap

In this paper, we study the problem of robotic cell scheduling with m machines with flexibility, load lock and swap assumptions. The robotic cell repetitively produces parts of identical types. We determine the cycle time of all 1-unit cycles in this type of robotic cell and present two new lower bounds for robot move cycles with load lock and swap, either there is flexibility or inflexibility. We also provide a new robot move cycle and prove that it dominates all classical robot move cycles considered in the existing literature of m-machine robotic cells.     

Flexible system for simulating and tele‐operating robots through the internet

Simulation and teleoperation tools offer many advantages for the training or learning of technological subjects, such as flexibility in time‐tables and student access to expensive and limited equipment. In this paper, we present a new system for simulating and tele‐operating robot arms through the Internet, which allows many users to simulate and test positioning commands for a robot by means of a virtual environment, as well as execute the validated commands in a real remote robot of the same characteristics. The main feature of the system is its flexibility in managing different robots or including new robot models and equipment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

一种六足仿生巡检机器人的设计与实现

六足仿生机器人因其灵活度好、可靠性高、适应性强等特点而得到广泛应用;针对六足仿生巡检机器人,从结构设计、步态规划、系统仿真和实物构建等方面,探索一般意义上系统设计和实现方法;首先设计了六足仿生机器人的多关节机械结构,并给出了此类系统的量化建模方法;然后采用了重心随动的三角步态规划方法,对系统稳定性和典型步态规划进行了量化分析;在此基础上基于标准D-H参数法建立了机器人的运动学模型,并且通过仿真实现了六足机器人向前纵向行走和向右横向行走的直线平稳运动;最后通过六足仿生巡检机器人实物测试,验证了所设计的结构和步态规划方法的可行性和有效性。