回热式布雷顿热泵热力循环参数分析

用有限时间热力学方法分析实际热泵循环性能。优化高、低温侧换热器和回热器之间的热导率分配式或传热面积分配和工质与热源间的匹配（对变温热源），可得循环最优特性。给出了详细的数值算例分析各不可逆损失对循环特性的影响     

液氮温区J-T节流制冷机多元低温混合物工质热力循环优化设计

报道了针对液氮温区混合物工质J-T节流制冷机的热力循环优化计算.作者以制冷循环的卡诺系数为目标函数,考虑了压缩机的容积效率及换热器的传热温差损失等实际情况,采用复合形优化算法,在给定热力条件下来优化混合物最佳配比和循环最佳运行压力参数.计算结果对实际混合物制冷循环设计有一定指导意义.     

液氮温区J—T节流制冷机多元低温混合物工质热力循环优化设计

报道了针对液氮温区混合物工质Ｊ－Ｔ节流制冷机的热力循环优化计算。作者以制冷循环的卡诺系数为目标函数,考虑了压缩机的容积效率及换热器的传热温差损失等实际情况,采用复合形优化算法,在给定热力条件下来优化混合物最佳配比和循环最佳运行压力参数,计算结果对实际混合物制冷循环设计有一定指导意义。     

两级热电制冷机的有限时间热力学分析

建立了考虑外部传热影响的两级半导体热电制冷机模型,用有限时间热力学对牛顿传热规律下两级半导体热电制冷机的性能进行分析,导出了制冷率、制冷系数与工作电流的一般关系式,得到了两侧换热器的最优面积分配和热电单元数的最优分配,并分析了多种因素对其性能的影响.     

变温热源不可逆布雷顿制冷循环制冷率和制冷系数优化

用有限时间热力学方法分析变温热源不可逆简单布雷顿制冷循环的特性,分别以制冷率和制冷系数为优化目标,优化了循环中换热器的热导分配以及工质和热源间的热容率匹配,并采用数值计算分析了压比、换热器总热导、压缩机和膨胀机效率、工质热容率等参数对最优制冷率和制冷系数的影响特点.所得结果对工程制冷系统设计有一定的指导意义.     

热电制冷机换热面积最优分配

考虑实际多热电堆制冷机，在总传热面积一定的条件下，研究最优制冷率、制冷系数时传热面积的最优分配，并分析了各种参数时最优性能的影响，所得结果对实际热电制冷机性能分析与优化有一定的指导作用。     

传热规律对内可逆四热源吸收式热变换器性能的影响

建立了传热规律为Q∞△(Tn)时内可逆四热源吸收式热变换器循环模型,导出了循环泵热率和泵热系数之间的一般关系;并导出了传热服从线性唯象定律时的基本优化关系、性能极值、循环中工质的 最佳工作温度和换热器传热面积的最佳分配关系;通过数值算例分析了传热规律对循环性能的影响规律,比较了传热面积最优分配前后循环的最优性能.     

回热器对制冷循环性能影响的研究

分析了回热器对理论制冷循环性能的影响,考虑了制冷剂质量流量变化和压力损失时的影响,推导出了回热器对制冷循环性能影响的理论计算方法.并计算出了R22、R134a等常用制冷剂及替代制冷剂在标准工况下回热器对理论制冷循环性能的影响,对工程实践有一定的指导意义.     

不可逆布雷顿制冷循环的性能优化

基于不可逆布雷顿制冷循环模型,导出循环制冷率和性能系数之间优化关系所应满足的方程,利用数值解,研究内不可逆性和传热不可逆性对优化性能的影响.讨论了循环的各种优化性能,所得结果对实际制冷系统的优化设计有一定的指导意义.     

二级回热低温空气制冷系统性能实验研究

在低温空气循环制冷系统中增加二级回热器及水分离器,除去涡轮进口空气中的水分,以提高系统效率和可靠性。在不同的工况条件下,对3种回热流程的空气制冷系统性能进行实验研究,结果表明,压气机进口压力的升高,增大了涡轮膨胀比,降低了涡轮出口温度,提高了系统制冷量和制冷系数;在系统中增加回热器及相应的水分离器,可显著提高系统的制冷效率和除水性能,且二级回热流程的系统性能最优,与无回热流程相比,系统制冷量和制冷系数分别增加了47%和41%,涡轮进口含湿量下降了约36%;不同的制冷温度下,系统制冷系数较低。     

Two-dimensional mathematical model of a reciprocating room-temperature Active Magnetic Regenerator

A time-dependent, two-dimensional mathematical model of a reciprocating Active Magnetic Regenerator (AMR) operating at room-temperature has been developed. The model geometry comprises a regenerator made of parallel plates separated by channels of a heat transfer fluid and a hot as well as a cold heat exchanger. The model simulates the different steps of the AMR refrigeration cycle and evaluates the performance in terms of refrigeration capacity and temperature span between the two heat exchangers. The model was used to perform an analysis of an AMR with a regenerator made of gadolinium and water as the heat transfer fluid. The results show that the AMR is able to obtain a no-load temperature span of 10.9 K in a 1 T magnetic field with a corresponding work input of 93.0 kJ m⁻³ of gadolinium per cycle. The model shows significant temperature differences between the regenerator and the heat transfer fluid during the AMR cycle. This indicates that it is necessary to use two-dimensional models when a parallel-plate regenerator geometry is used.     

双级压缩空气循环制冷系统的特性与优化研究

空气循环制冷由于其性能低下,影响了其在普通空调中的应用,如何提高空气循环制冷系统的性能一直是研究的焦点。本文主要针对双级压缩空气循环制冷系统的特性与优化进行了研究,分析了系统的流程,建立了热力学模型;结果表明:转动部件的等熵效率及换热器效率对循环特性有显著影响,实际循环中存在一最优膨胀比,其位置受转动部件等熵效率及换热器效率影响,附加回热器可以提高循环的性能,同时降低了最优压比。     

Size effects on miniature Stirling cycle cryocoolers

Size effects on the performance of Stirling cycle cryocoolers were investigated by examining each individual loss associated with the regenerator and combining these effects. For the fixed cycle parameters and given regenerator length scale, it was found that only for a specific range of the hydrodynamic diameter the system can produce net refrigeration and there is an optimum hydraulic diameter at which the maximum net refrigeration is achieved. When the hydraulic diameter is less than the optimum value, the regenerator performance is controlled by the pressure drop loss; when the hydraulic diameter is greater than the optimum value, the system performance is controlled by the thermal losses.It was also found that there exists an optimum ratio between the hydraulic diameter and the length of the regenerator that offers the maximum net refrigeration. As the regenerator length is decreased, the optimum hydraulic diameter-to-length ratio increases; and the system performance is increased that is controlled by the pressure drop loss and heat conduction loss. Choosing appropriate regenerator characteristic sizes in small-scale systems are more critical than in large-scale ones.     

A new method to calculate the pressure drop loss of the regenerator in VM refrigerator

The VM refrigerator, known as heat driven refrigerator, is one kind of closed-cycle regenerative refrigerator. There are some losses in VM refrigerator, but the losses in regenerator are the main loss when the refrigeration temperature is below 100 K. This paper present one method to calculate the pressure drop loss in the regenerator, which is one main part loss in the regenerator. The pressure drop loss in the regenerator will decrease the refrigeration capacity in two aspects. On the one hand, due to the friction pressure drop in the regenerator will be converted into heat that causes reduced the refrigeration capacity. On the other hand, the pressure drop in the regenerator will decrease the pressure ratio in cold end. From a practical standpoint, this calculation method was used for analysis one VM refrigerator proposed by Zhou in 1984. The results showed that the results by using this method are very close to the experimental results in three temperature points.     

Optimal performance of regenerative cryocoolers

The key component of a regenerative cryocooler is its regenerative heat exchanger. This device is subject to losses due to imperfect heat transfer between the regenerator material and the gas, as well as due to viscous dissipation. The relative magnitudes of these losses can be characterized by the ratio of the Stanton number St to the Fanning friction factor f. Using available data for the ratio St/f, results are developed for the optimal cooling rate and Carnot efficiency. The variations of pressure and temperature are taken to be sinusoidal in time, and to have small amplitudes. The results are applied to the case of the Stirling cryocooler, with flow being generated by pistons at both sides of the regenerator. The performance is found to be close to optimal at large ratio of the warm space volume to the regenerator void volume. The results are also applied to the Orifice Pulse Tube Refrigerator. In this case, optimal performance additionally requires a large ratio of the regenerator void volume to the cold space volume.     

微通道换热器在CO2跨临界制冷系统中的应用

在制冷系统中,换热器是主要的组成部件.由于CO2跨临界制冷系统较高的操作压力,以及近临界区CO2特殊的热物性和传输性,系统的部件结构需要引起特别注意.微通道换热器不仅换热性能好,而且可以承受较高的操作压力,比较适合CO2高压制冷系统,这样可使系统更加紧凑、安全且高效.至今,CO2制冷系统所用的微通道换热器已有多种型式,针对CO2的性质设计高效的微通道换热器对提高CO2制冷系统的性能非常重要.     

Heat exchanger versus regenerator: A fundamental comparison

Irreversible processes in regenerators and heat exchangers limit the performance of cryocoolers. In this paper we compare the performance of cryocoolers, operating with regenerators and heat exchangers from a fundamental point of view. The losses in the two systems are calculated from the entropy productions due to the various irreversible processes. Whether an optimized regenerator or heat exchanger performs better depends on the system parameters (molar flux, temperature, and pressure). At temperatures below 200 K the losses due to heat conduction in the axial direction are dominant.     

管内扭带插入件强化沸腾换热技术的研究现状及展望

制冷设备对换热器紧凑化和小型化的需求促使人们开发新型的强化传热技术,而管内扭带插入件是一种廉价且易于制造的被动强化传热技术,在制冷系统蒸发器中具备良好的应用潜力。扭带插入两相沸腾换热的管中能够增大表面传热系数,但同时也增大了管内压降。分析发现,通常情况下,质量流量、干度的变化与表面传热系数和压降的变化呈正相关,而管径、扭率、饱和温度的变化与表面传热系数和压降的变化呈负相关。沸腾换热过程复杂、评价指标选取不一、实验工况数量有限等因素是导致各学者总结的扭带插入的最佳条件不一致的主要原因。本文收集了各作者预测的内插扭带管内沸腾换热的表面传热系数和压降的关联式,认为管内扭带插入件还需要进一步明确最佳使用条件,并需要结合蒸发器整机或变频压缩机加以研究。     

Refrigeration system performance using liquid-suction heat exchangersPerformance d''un système frigorifique utilisant des échangeurs liquide-vapeur à l''aspiration

Heat transfer devices are provided in many refrigeration systems to exchange energy between the cool gaseous refrigerant leaving the evaporator and warm liquid refrigerant exiting the condenser. These liquid-suction or suction-line heat exchangers can, in some cases, yield improved system performance while in other cases they degrade system performance. Although previous researchers have investigated performance of liquid-suction heat exchangers, this study can be distinguished from the previous studies in three ways. First, this paper identifies a new dimensionless group to correlate performance impacts attributable to liquid-suction heat exchangers. Second, the paper extends previous analyses to include new refrigerants. Third, the analysis includes the impact of pressure drops through the liquid-suction heat exchanger on system performance. It is shown that reliance on simplified analysis techniques can lead to inaccurate conclusions regarding the impact of liquid-suction heat exchangers on refrigeration system performance. From detailed analyses, it can be concluded that liquid-suction heat exchangers that have a minimal pressure loss on the low pressure side are useful for systems using R507A, R134a, R12, R404A, R290, R407C, R600, and R410A. The liquid-suction heat exchanger is detrimental to system performance in systems using R22, R32, and R717.     

A practical model for analysis of active magnetic regenerative refrigerators for room temperature applications

In this paper, a practical model for predicting the performance and efficiency of active magnetic regenerative refrigerators (AMRRs) has been developed. With this model, the refrigeration capacity, the power consumption (including the power required to move regenerator cylinder and drive heat transfer fluid) and consequently the coefficient of performance (COP) of a real AMRR system can be predicted with different heat transfer fluids. A dimensionless parameter, utilization at maximum refrigeration capacity (UMRC), is used to numerically characterize the performance of an AMRR. The numerical results indicate that the UMRC increases with increasing number of transfer units (NTU) and eventually reaches its maximum. Increasing operating frequency increases the refrigeration capacity of the AMRR while causes a reduction in COP. The influences of the physical properties of transfer fluids on the AMRR performance are also studied. Liquid is more favorable than gas for being used as heat transfer fluid in AMRR systems.