Three-dimensional flow of a viscous fluid with heat and mass transfer

Three-dimensional unsteady free convection and mass transfer flow of an incompressible, viscous liquid through a porous medium past an infinite vertical flat plate subjected to a time-dependent suction velocity normal to the plate is studied. The equations encountered into the problem are solved using perturbation technique to obtain the velocity, temperature and concentration fields considering as reference parameter. Expressions for the skin-friction, rate of heat and mass transfers are also obtained. Two cases of most common interest viz. cooling case (G_r > 0) and heating case (G_r < 0) are discussed.     

Three-dimensional modelling of fluid flow and heat transfer in micro-channels with synthetic jet

A three-dimensional computational model was developed to investigate the effect of synthetic jet interaction with cross flow in micro-channel on the cooling of microchip. A range of parametric studies by varying heat fluxes at the surface of the top of the silicon wafer and membrane oscillating amplitudes was conducted. The resulting complex, conjugate heat transfer through the silicon substrate was analysed. When the actuator was switched on, noticeable temperature drop was observed at all points in the substrate. Quasi steady states have been reached for the presented results which indicated the available cooling potential of single synthetic jet actuator.     

Numerical modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow in rotor–stator cavities with throughflow

The present study considers the numerical modeling of the turbulent flow in a rotor–stator cavity subjected to a superimposed throughflow with heat transfer. Numerical predictions based on one-point statistical modeling using a low Reynolds number second-order full stress transport closure are compared with experimental data available in the literature [E.M. Sparrow, J.L. Goldstein, Effect of rotation and coolant throughflow on the heat transfer and temperature field in an enclosure, J. Heat Transfer 98 (1976) 387–394; M. Djaoui, A. Dyment, R. Debuchy, Heat transfer in a rotor–stator system with a radial inflow, Eur. J. Mech. B – Fluids 20 (2001) 371–398; S. Poncet, M.P. Chauve, R. Schiestel, Batchelor versus Stewartson flow structures in a rotor–stator cavity with throughflow, Phys. Fluids, 17(7) (2005).]. Considering small temperature differences, density variations can be here neglected which leads to dissociate the dynamical effects from the heat transfer process. The fluid flow in an enclosed disk system with axial throughflow is well predicted compared to the velocity measurements performed at IRPHE [S. Poncet, M.P. Chauve, R. Schiestel, Batchelor versus Stewartson flow structures in a rotor–stator cavity with throughflow, Phys. Fluids, 17(7) (2005)] under isothermal conditions. When the shroud is heated, the effects of rotation and coolant outward throughflow on the heat transfer have been investigated and the numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the data of Sparrow and Goldstein [E.M. Sparrow, J.L. Goldstein, Effect of rotation and coolant throughflow on the heat transfer and temperature field in an enclosure, J. Heat Transfer 98 (1976) 387–394]. Their results have been extended for a wide range of the Prandtl number. We have also considered the case of an open rotor–stator cavity with a radial inward throughflow with heat transfer along the stator, which corresponds to the experiment of Djaoui et al. [M. Djaoui, A. Dyment, R. Debuchy, Heat transfer in a rotor–stator system with a radial inflow, Eur. J. Mech. B – Fluids 20 (2001) 371–398]. Our results have been compared to both their temperature measurements and their asymptotic model with a close agreement between the different approaches, showing the efficiency of the second order modeling. An empirical correlation law is given to predict the averaged Nusselt number depending on the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers and on the coolant flowrate.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of heat and fluid flow in noncircular microchannel heat sinks

A three-dimensional model of heat transfer and fluid flow in noncircular microchannel heat sinks is developed and analyzed numerically. It is found that Nusselt number has a much higher value at the inlet region, but quickly approaches the constant fully developed value. The temperature in both solid and fluid increases along the flow direction. In addition, the comparison of thermal efficiencies is conducted among triangular, rectangular and trapezoidal microchannels. The result indicates that the triangular microchannel has the highest thermal efficiency.     

Preparation and thermal properties of microencapsulated phase change material for enhancing fluid flow heat transfer

Microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) is formed by packing PCM into a microcapsule with a solid but flexible shell. MEPCM can be used to enhance liquid cooling performance considerably. In this paper, experiments on the preparation of MEPCM with a double‐layered shell have been conducted. An in‐situ polymerization microencapsulation process was used to prepare the MEPCM with melamine resin as the shell material and n‐Docosane (C₂₂H₄₆) as the core material. Interesting parameters like the size of the prepared MEPCM, the core mass fraction in the MEPCM, and the thermal storage capability of the prepared MEPCM have been measured and analyzed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(1): 28–37, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20138     

CFD modeling of flow and heat transfer in a thermosyphon

In the present study a gas/liquid two-phase flow and the simultaneous evaporation and condensation phenomena in a thermosyphon was modeled. The volume of fluid (VOF) technique was used to model the interaction between these phases. Experiments in a thermosyphon were carried out at different operating conditions. The CFD predicted temperature profile in the thermosyphon was compared with experimental measurements and a good agreement was observed. It was concluded that CFD is a useful tool to model and explain the complex flow and heat transfer in a thermosyphon.     

Numerical computation of fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannels

Three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena inside heated microchannels is investigated. The steady, laminar flow and heat transfer equations are solved using a finite-volume method. The numerical procedure is validated by comparing the predicted local thermal resistances with available experimental data. The friction factor is also predicted in this study. It was found that the heat input lowers the frictional losses, particularly at lower Reynolds numbers. At lower Reynolds numbers the temperature of the water increases, leading to a decrease in the viscosity and hence smaller frictional losses.     

Heat and mass transfer modeling during continuous flow processing of fluid food by direct steam injection

Fluid food products, in the agri-food industry, are commonly subject to thermal treatments to ensure their safety and quality characteristics. Therefore, these treatments must be accurately selected and monitored to avoid over-processing, as consumer safety and product acceptability must be preserved.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of fluid flow with phase change heat transfer in an asymmetrically heated porous channel

Fluid flow with phase change heat transfer in a three-dimensional porous channel with asymmetrically heating from one side is numerically studied in this paper. The “modified” Kirchhoff method is used to deal with the spatial discontinuity in the thermal diffusion coefficient in the energy equation. The velocity and temperature fields, as well as the liquid saturation field on the heated section of the wall with different Peclet and Rayleigh numbers are investigated. The results show that the liquid flow bypasses the two-phase zone, while the vapor flows primarily to the interface between the sub-cooled liquid zone and the two-phase zone. An increase in the Peclet number decreases the two-phase region while an increase in the Rayleigh number helps to spread the heat to a larger region of the domain. The distribution of the liquid saturation on the heated section of the wall indicates that the minimum liquid saturation increases with the increase of both the Peclet and Rayleigh numbers.     

Fully developed fluid flow and heat transfer in rough annuli

The fully developed turbulent momentum and heat transfer in the concentric annuli with artificial roughness elements on smooth, inner, outer and both walls for three radius ratios of 0.26, 0.39 and 0.56 were experimentally and analytically studied. The mean velocity profiles, friction factors, positions of maximum velocities and zero shear stresses are measured with a Pilot tube and a X-type anemometry system. The study demonstrates that certain artificial roughness elements may be used to enhance heat transfer rates advantageously from the overall efficiency point of view.     

开缝型翅片流动与传热三维数值模拟

通过数值模拟,研究空调系统使用的开缝型翅片的传热与阻力特性。对三种型式的开缝型翅片进行模拟,得出了流场和温度场。通过对比分析发现,双边交替开缝的slit-2型翅片,换热性能最好,X型双向开缝片的性能次之,单边开缝的slit-1型翅片换热效果低于前两种。数值模拟还得出,空气流过slit-x型翅片的阻力最大,流过slit-1型翅片的阻力最小。     

CFD modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow inside a pent-roof type combustion chamber using dynamic model

A numerical work has been performed to analyze the heat transfer and fluid flow in a pent-roof type combustion chamber. Dynamic mesh model was used to simulation piston intake stroke. Revolution of piston (1000 ≤ n ≤ 5000) is the main governing parameter on heat and fluid flow. k–ε turbulence model was used to predict the flow in the cylinder of a non-compressing fluid. They were solved with finite volume method and FLUENT 12.0 commercial code. Velocity profiles, temperature distribution, pressure distribution and velocity vectors are presented. It is found that the inclined surface of pent-roof type of combustion chamber reduces the swirl effect and it can be a control parameter for heat and fluid flow.     

Three-dimensional viscous flow and heat transfer over a permeable shrinking sheet

This paper presents a numerical analysis of a steady three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer towards a permeable shrinking sheet. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation, which are then solved numerically by a shooting method. The effects of the governing parameters on the skin friction and heat transfer from the surface of the shrinking surface are illustrated graphically. It is found that dual solutions exist for the shrinking case. A comparison with known results from the open literature has been done and it is shown to be in excellent agreement.     

The heat transfer and fluid flow of a partially heated microchannel heat sink

Numerical modeling of the conjugate heat transfer in microchannel heat sink is presented. As the most of the cooling applications deals with the partial heated sections, the influence of the heating position on the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior is analyzed. The laminar fluid flow regime and the water as a working fluid are considered. It is observed that partial heating together with variable viscosity has a strong influence on thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of the micro-heat sink.     

Casson fluid flow and heat transfer past a symmetric wedge

Boundary‐layer forced convection flow of a Casson fluid past a symmetric wedge is investigated. Similarity transformations are used to convert the governing partial differential equations to ordinary ones and the reduced equations are then solved numerically with the help of the shooting method. Comparisons with various previously published works on special cases are performed and the results are found to be in excellent agreement. A representative set of graphical results is obtained and illustrated graphically. The velocity is found to increase with an increasing Falkner–Skan exponent whereas the temperature decreases. With the rise of the Casson fluid parameter, the fluid velocity increases but the temperature is found to decrease in this case. The skin friction decreases with increasing values of the Casson fluid parameter. It is found that the temperature decreases as the Prandtl number increases and thermal boundary layer thickness decreases with increasing values of the Prandtl number. A significant finding of this investigation is that flow separation can be controlled by increasing the value of the Casson fluid parameter. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 42(8): 665–675, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21065     

Numerical modeling of non-Fourier heat transfer and fluid flow during plasma arc welding of AISI 304 stainless steel

ABSTRACT

This paper is an attempt to study the evolution of temperature profiles and weld pool geometry during plasma arc welding (PAW) by solving the transient Navier–Stokes and Energy equations. The analysis for an AISI 304 stainless steel rectangular plate was carried out using a flexible written program in Fortran. Due to the low accuracy of the Fourier heat transfer equation for short times and large dimensions, a non-Fourier form of heat transfer equation was used. Gaussian heat source is considered as the heat source model. The fluid flow in the molten pool is of interest because it can change the temperature distribution in and around the molten zone. The governing equations for fluid flow were solved by the finite-volume method in which the SIMPLE method was utilized for pressure–velocity coupling. The effects of heat conduction, fluid flow, and force actions at the weld pool were considered. Thermo-physical properties such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, and dynamic viscosity vary as a function of temperature. There are two mechanisms involved which actively cause heat transfer to the surroundings: radiation and convection heat transfer. The numerical results are compared to the experimental data. The results corroborate that the weld pool thickness in the cross section of PAW and the time taken by molten metal to reach the end of thick metal are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Finally, the results obtained from the assumed Fourier heat transfer are compared for the same study.     

Analytical modeling of electrokinetic effects on flow and heat transfer in microchannels

A fundamental understanding of electrolytic flow in microchannels is essential for the design of microfluidic devices. Hence, an analytic investigation is presented on the effects of electrostatic potential in microchannels. Solving the Navier–Stokes equations, an expression for the C_fRe product is presented. Solving the energy equation the Nusselt number for constant wall heat flux and constant wall temperature boundary conditions are presented with analytic expressions over a wide range of operating conditions.     

Numerical study of fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannel cooling passages

Numerical investigation was conducted for fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannel cooling passages. Effects of viscosity and thermal conductivity variations on characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer were taken into account in theoretical modeling. Two-dimensional simulation was performed for low Reynolds number flow of liquid water in a 100 μm single channel subjected to localized heat flux boundary conditions. The velocity field was highly coupled with temperature distribution and distorted through the variations of viscosity and thermal conductivity. The induced cross-flow velocity had a marked contribution to the convection. The heat transfer enhancement due to viscosity-variation was pronounced, though the axial conduction introduced by thermal-conductivity-variation was insignificant unless for the cases with very low Reynolds numbers.     

Steady flow and heat transfer of a Sisko fluid in annular pipe

The flow and heat transfer problem of a Sisko fluid in an annular pipe is considered. The governing nonlinear equation of an incompressible Sisko fluid is modelled. Both analytical and numerical solutions of the governing nonlinear problem are presented. The analytical solutions are developed using homotopy analysis method (HAM) and for the numerical solutions the finite difference method in combination with an iterative scheme is used. A comparison between the analytical and the numerical solutions is presented. Moreover, the shear-thinning and shear-thickening behaviors of the non-Newtonian Sisko fluid are discussed through several graphs and a comparison is also made with the Newtonian fluid.     

Numerical prediction of fluid flow and heat transfer in a wavy pipe

IntroductionA pipe with periodically converging-divergingcross-section is one Of the sevens devices employed forenhancing the heat and mass tusfer efficiency. Thenuid flow, to the now passages with a periodicallyvaling cross-section, attains a folly develOPed acmethat differs fundamentally from that for a convelltionalconstant-area flow channel. In the periodically vwigcross-seCtions, the ac developed VelM field repeatsitSelf at cormsponding edal locations in successivecycles. The change of…