造气工艺改造对产气量和煤气质量的影响

针对造气工艺存在的问题,对原造气工艺进行了一系列技术改造,分析了改造后的运行效果及带来的经济效益。     

化工生产中的几项改进

本文分析了DCS控制系统在精细化工产品生产中的应用及精细化工产品、防水卷材产品生产中工艺技术方面的几项改进。     

草甘膦生产中节能降耗工艺的改进

对草甘膦生产中三乙胺回收工艺改进后 ,可节省三乙胺单耗 8kg ,塔顶回收率达 98%。将蒸发浓缩工艺的设备材质由不锈钢改为碳钢 ,并取消真空泵和循环泵 ,从而简化工艺、节约投资。     

氯乙烯生产工艺的技术改进

介绍了新疆石河子中发化工有限责任公司在氯乙烯生产过程中所采取的工艺改进措施,这些措施使企业在环保和节能方面取得了一定的成绩,降低了生产成本,促进了企业的健康、持续发展。     

干法乙炔生产装置设备的应用与改造

概述了干法乙炔生产工艺。介绍了干法乙炔生产装置中4种重要设备(发生器、锤式破碎机、斗提机及管状带式输送机)的工作原理及结构特点,分析了其在运行过程中出现的问题,并进行了相应改造,效果良好。     

氯乙酸生产技术的进展

阐述了氯乙酸的催化技术、生产工艺、工厂装备的进展     

片状钾碱生产装置技术改造

介绍了片碱生产工序中片碱机刮刀损坏、镍设备腐蚀泄漏的处理措施.     

Removal of lubricants from effluents from Capron production

Conclusions 1. The composition of water obtained after removing lubricant by the aluminate method and further softening scarcely differs at all from that of softened water and can be re-used in industry.2. The flowsheet described enables a closed purification cycle to be built and finishing waste waters to be used; it enables the water consumption for fibre washing to be reduced, the discharge of toxic caprolactam to reservoirs to be discontinued and caprolactam to be recycled.Kiev Combine. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 76–78, July–August, 1969.     

A two stage membrane treatment of secondary effluent for unrestricted reuse and sustainable agricultural production

Field experiments are in progress for secondary wastewater upgrading for unrestricted use for irrigation and sustainable agricultural production. The integrative treatment system for the secondary effluent polishing is based on implementing in series of two main treatment stages: ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment. The pilot system has the capacity of around 8 m³/h. The UF effluent is used to feed the RO membrane stage. Different mixtures of UF and RO permeates are subsequently applied for drip irrigation of various agriculture crops. The field results indicate the importance of the UF component in the removal of the organic matter and the pathogens that are still contained in the secondary effluent (the secondary effluent is obtained from a waste stabilization pond treatment system). Under specific conditions, when the dissolved solids content is relatively low, the UF effluent can be applied directly for unrestricted irrigation. In the successive RO stage most nutrients are removed, allowing applying the effluent without jeopardizing the soil fertility and the aquifers. Preliminary economic assessment indicates that the extra cost for effluent polishing via the UF stage only is in the range of 8–12 US cents/m³. The extra cost for the RO stage is as well assessed at 8–12 US cents/m³. The additional treatment expenses depend to a large extent on the quality of the incoming raw secondary effluent and local requirements at the command agricultural production sites.     

国外聚氯乙烯树脂生产技术进展

重点介绍了国外PVC树脂生产和加工应用技术的最新进展状况,同时对我国PVC行业的发展提出了可行性的建议.     

乙炔生产中的安全及技术改造

简介了锦化化工(集团)有限责任公司的PVC生产能力为3万t/a、5万t/a时进行的乙炔生产工艺改造情况。①在电石粉碎机地下室增加了沉井,并在粉碎机虎口上方、皮带机下料处增加了除尘装置,改变了加料岗位、发生器入水管线及自控阀的位置;②增加1台电动小车,并使电葫芦国产化、2台翻板阀连锁,采用聚丙烯鲍尔环作填料,经常清理堵塞管路。改造后的乙炔装置能满足5万t/a PVC装置的生产需要。     

双氧水氧化塔革新总结

通过对双氧水氧化工序原工艺和氧化塔中存在的问题进行调查分析,提出了新的技改工艺流程和新的氧化塔设备结构,实施后取得了下述的显著经济效果:(1)氧化流程短,工艺简单,产量高,比原工艺产量提高40%,单台产量可达5600t/a,每年多创产值384万元;(2)仪表连锁自控,操作方便,生产稳定,空气消耗量少,能耗小;(3)氧化塔的氧化能力大,结构简单,便于制造,单台造价降低6万元;(4)氧化效率提高6%达到96%,每年可多生产266t,多创利润63.84万元;(5)回收尾气中芳烃,确保废气、废液的排放达到环保要求.     

Separating nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation water application in an alternating furrow irrigation system for maize production

The efficient use of water and nitrogen represents a primary concern to agricultural production in Northwest China. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to assess the separation of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation water with alternating furrow irrigation (SNWAFI) in a maize (Zea mays L.) production system. Irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency with SNWAFI were generally greater than with conventional irrigation and fertilization (CIF). Response surfaces indicated that maximum maize yields were obtained with 238 kg urea-N ha^?1 and 106 mm irrigation water in 2008 and 244 kg urea-N ha^?1 and 95 mm of irrigation water in 2009. When the predicted yields were highest (6,384 and 6,549 kg ha^?1), water use efficiency, N uptake, and N use efficiency were greater with SNWAFI than CIF. Conversely, soil NO₃–N change during maize growing season decreased with SNWAFI compared CIF. With SNWAFI, optimizing irrigation water and N fertilizer rates can maximize yield, save irrigation water, and reduce N leaching.